Shi Naian (1296 ~ 1371), whose original name was Yan Duan, whose name was Zhao Rui, whose nickname was Zi 'an and whose nickname was Nai 'an. Writers in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Han nationality, Xinghua, Jiangsu (talking about Qiantang, Zhejiang). Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijiaxiang, outside Changmen, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province). Smart and studious since childhood, he was admitted as a scholar in the first year of Yuan Yanyou (1314), a scholar in the first year of Taiding (1324), and a scholar in Shuner (1331). Yin, who soon served as Qiantang County, resigned and went home because he was reprimanded by the county official for defending the poor.
Shi Naian is knowledgeable and brilliant, and he is proficient in astronomy, geography, medical divination, astrology and all kinds of techniques. In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1353), eighteen strong men, including Zhang Shicheng, a salt farmer in Baijuchang, led the Zaoding uprising against Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Shicheng respected Wen Tao's military strategy and repeatedly invited him to be the military curtain. Shi Naian went with Hongyuan, who built the "Wang Daole House", and offered many strategies for Zhang Shicheng to attack the city and seize the land. Later, due to Zhang Shicheng's arrogance, arbitrariness, cronies and disloyalty, and his estrangement from Zhongliang, Shi Naian made several remonstrances, but Zhang Shicheng refused to adopt them, so he left Pingjiang angrily and gave a song "Qiu Jiang Farewell" to Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and others who were at the same curtain. Since then, I have been wandering around the rivers and lakes, helping people solve problems.
Later, Xu Qi, a rich man in Zhutang, Jiangyin, sat in the museum. Apart from teaching, he also studied the creation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Three Suiping Demon Turn with Luo Guanzhong, who worshipped him as a teacher, and collected and sorted out stories about heroes such as Liang Shanbo and Song Jiang, so as to prepare materials for writing the Jianghu Hawker Turn. In the twenty-seventh year of Zhengzheng (1367), after Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Zhang Shicheng, he investigated the deployment of Zhang Shicheng everywhere. In order to avoid trouble, Shi Naian consulted Gu Ti, a good friend of Xinghua, and built a house in Baiju. Since then, he has been living in seclusion and devoted himself to the creation of "The Biography of Hawkers in the Jianghu". After The Legend of the Hawker in the Jianghu was written, it was named Water Margin.
[ Edit this paragraph] Life story
There are very few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 192s, some materials about Shi Naian have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng, Yandu and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's Genealogy and Shi's Nagato Genealogy, etc. In addition, the addendum to Volume XIII of Continued Records of Xinghua County contains a biography of Shi Naian, and the addendum to Volume XIV contains an epitaph of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty, saying that he was originally from Suzhou.
According to the analysis of these materials,
Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two children of Confucius, and the descendants of Shi Zhi in the late Tang Dynasty made Suzhou their home. His father's name is Yuan De, and his mother is Bian Shi (descendants of Bian Shi have also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
since childhood, Shi Naian has been smart and eager to learn. He is brilliant, devoted to filial piety, and brave in righteousness.
At the age of p>19, he was a scholar, at the age of 28, he was a scholar, and at the age of 36, he joined Liu Bowen in the list.
He was an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of the officialdom, he did not want to cater to the dignitaries, so he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng revolted against Yuan Dynasty, Shi Naian took part in his military activities. After Zhang occupied Su, Shi Naian participated in the planning under his curtain, and he had a close relationship with his ministry Bian Yuanheng. Later, due to Zhang's greed for pleasure and lack of advice, Shi Naian, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and Chen were good at poems and songs, but they were rarely circulated. There are few records in history books. Even though some materials are clearly recorded, the authenticity and credibility of the materials themselves have not been recognized so far. We think that he is probably from Hangzhou, and has lived in Hangzhou for at least a long time. Some people speculate that he may be a book club talent who specially writes scripts for storytellers, or he may be a storyteller with a good knowledge of writing and calligraphy. He lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and his ancestral home, Gu Guan, retired and wrote behind closed doors. Some people say that he had a good friendship with Zhang Shicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Bian Xiangzhang pointed out in the "Shaoshi Mountain House Pen Cluster": "The Water Margin compiled by Shimou in Wulin is particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. Others think it was co-authored by disciple Luo Guanzhong or continued by Luo Guanzhong.
According to the historical materials available at present, Shi Naian still exists, but he amuses himself by telling his life story. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also asked him to come out and recommend Shi Naian as his chief of staff, but after repeated invitations, he still refused to apply. It is said that Zhang Shicheng once personally wrote this. "Wanli Ji was greatly disappointed, and he visited him and saw that he was writing the book" Biography of Jianghu Hawkers "in his study, namely" Water Margin ". Later, when Zhang Shicheng was defeated, Shi Naian moved his family to Huai 'an to avoid disaster, and continued to write "Qiu Jiang Farewell", including Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems handed down from ancient times. In order to avoid being drafted by the Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian moved his ancestor Nai 'an's bone to be buried in the West Lake of Baiju (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and asked Wang Daosheng to write the epitaph of Shi Naian.
In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (154), Gao Ru's "Records of a Hundred Rivers" contained: "The Book of Shi Naian. Luo Guanzhong edited. " In the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the "Seven Manuscripts": "This book is the following departure of Qiantang Shi Naian. When Shi Naian was parting with Lu and Liu, he made a divertimento "New Water Makes Qiu Jiang Farewell" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was destroyed. Shi Naian traveled all over the world, roaming in Shandong, Henan and other places. He once lived in Huai 'an with Yuncheng, Shandong Province, and died of illness. He was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Shi Naian's death, his grandson taught Liu Shanben to be friendly, and later lived in the early Xu family in Jiangyin as his teacher. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the current political situation was declining. He wrote "The Water Margin" as a sustenance, and together with disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Legend of Three Sui Ping Yao". He was still an official in Hu Yinglin, but he still couldn't stick to being an official, and he gained a good reputation in the local area. He died a few years after he finished writing Water Margin.
[ Edit this paragraph] Shi Naian Memorial Hall Shi Naian Tomb in Xinghua, Jiangsu
Shi Naian Memorial Hall is located on Huajiadui in the western suburb of Baiju Town (once under Xinghua) in Dafeng City, and is said to be the place where Shi Naian wrote books that year. Surrounded by water and dense reeds, it has a strong flavor of "Water Margin". When visitors come here, they will suspect that they have really arrived in Liaoerwa, Shui Bo, Liangshan. Located in the center of Huajiaduo, the memorial hall is an ancient residential building with three entrances in front and back, and a small brick tile in the east and west hatchways. It is surrounded by white walls. The first entrance is the entrance hall, and above the vermicelli gate is the plaque of "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" written by calligraphy master Qi Gong.
Shi Naian was born in Shijiaqiao, outside Changmen, Suzhou. According to the genealogy of Shi's family, Shi Naian, named Yanduan, is a descendant of Shi, one of the seventy-two sages of Confucius. His father was a boatman. At the age of 13, he entered Xushuguan private school. At the age of 19, he was a scholar. At the age of 29, he married Ji. At the age of 35, he was a scholar in the same list as Liu Bowen.
Shi Naian moved here to live in seclusion to avoid the war and wrote Water Margin. According to folk word-of-mouth, Zhang Shicheng rose up against Yuan, called the prince of Wu in Pingjiang (Suzhou), and hired Shi Naian as his military adviser. Later, Zhang Shicheng reduced Yuan, and Shi Naian repeatedly refused to give advice, so he abandoned his post and went to Jiangyin Zhutang Donglin Temple to sit in the pavilion. Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to besiege Pingjiang, and the war spread to Jiangyin. Shi Naian remembered that Gu Ting, a friend of Songjiang Tongzhi and Jiaxing Road Tongzhi, was from Xinghua. There is a remote place, surrounded by water, and the traffic is inconvenient. It has always been said that "Zhaoyang (another name of Xinghua) has been a good place to avoid soldiers since ancient times", so I specially sent someone to send a letter to Gu Ti, with a poem:
I wandered around the world in the wild and found a good home in Yangshan (referring to Zhaoyang, improvisation).
I'd like to plant more trees than teach plums to bear fruit like melons. (At that time, the folk song: "Cucumber in Li Sheng, the people are homeless")
After seeing the letter, Gu Ti immediately wrote back to Shi Naian, welcoming him to take refuge in Xinghua. The letter also answers a poem:
I came from the south of the Yangtze River to ask about it and send a smile to my old colleague.
This is not a paradise. Where can Taoyuan avoid Qin?
after receiving the letter, Shi Naian left his eldest brother Yan Ming at his native place in Suzhou, took his second wife Shen, his second brother Yan Cai and his master Luo Guanzhong, braved the wind, crossed the river to the north, stayed at Gu Ti's home in Xinghua for a while, and then, with Gu Ti's help, he bought land and real estate in the sparsely populated seaside white pony farm east of Xinghua, where he lived in seclusion, and he made many friends with farmers and farmers. When the book was written, Shi Naian wrote two poems:
Sitting in the middle of the Taiping Emperor, cautious officials are divided into four parts.
But seeing the fat sheep rather than the old man, I don't hear about the general.
I'm a family business, and I want to send a quick essay with eulogy.
if you don't learn from the southeast, you don't shy away from the sun, but there are clouds in the northwest.
Generally speaking, life is a hill, and it will be the same after a hundred years.
The plow is safe and respectful to the chariot, and the violent and strange temperature is better than the fur.
Zi Jian is a tiger, while Zhuang Sheng is a cow.
If the night is cold, you will be drunk and soft, and you will rest if your words are not surprising.
The first one is about confessing one's political ideal, hoping that a wise monarch can rule the world with integrity and let the people live and work in peace and contentment, and there will be no more wars. The second one is about his quiet life of seclusion and writing books. Although it is not obvious in the present world, it is also comfortable and comfortable. However, the fact is not what Shi Naian thought. The Water Margin spread like wildfire after it was written and was introduced into the palace. Zhu Yuanzhang said, "This book is also a book that advocates chaos, and this person must have a conspiracy." He ordered Shi Naian to be put in prison for more than a year. After being rescued by Liu Bowen, he was released in Hongwu in Ming Dynasty for three years and died in Huai' an on the way.
After Shi Naian's death, Shi Dianbang, his 12th grandson, initiated the transformation of his former residence in Baiju Town into Shi's Ancestral Hall. Later, after several repairs and expansions, it became a three-way entrance, with an auditorium next to the temple. The first entrance is the entrance hall, with a tea house inside; The second is the bookstore for artists to say "Water Margin"; The third entrance is Fuyin Hall, dedicated to the spirit tablet of Shi Naian, the ancestor of Qianxing, and his descendants, where ancestors are worshipped in spring and autumn every year. Shici was unfortunately destroyed by the anti-Japanese war. In the early 199s, the Ministry of Culture and the People's Government of Jidafeng County, Jiangsu Province raised funds from various sources. Referring to the restoration map of Shi's ancestral hall drawn by Professor Yu Heng of Fudan University in Shanghai, Professor Chen Congzhou, a famous ancient architecture expert, presided over the design and built the "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" on August 2, 1993.
As soon as we entered the gate of the memorial hall, the first thing that caught people's eyes was a white marble sculpture of Shi Naian, which was modeled after the traditional Chinese painting design created by Professor Fan Ceng, director of the Oriental Art Department of Nankai University in Tianjin, and was the masterpiece of Mr. Ye Zonghao, vice president of Nanjing Sculptor and Architects Association. Shi Naian wore a square scarf and a wide robe, with a thin face, deep eyes, a scroll in his left hand and a beard in his right hand, just like a cynical scholar image.
Behind the statue is a viewing hall, with the inscription "Light of the Country" by the female calligrapher Xiao Xian hanging above the gate, and 48 silk comic books introducing Shi Naian's life are displayed on the walls. Li Zonghai, a calligrapher in Zhenjiang, wrote a couplet saying:
Some people have sacrificed themselves to be chivalrous, but they painted them from Lu Da, Wu Song and likui jy;
It is written by Chao Gai, Song Jiang and Wu Yong.
Further back is the exhibition hall, above which hangs the inscription "Wen Xin Yun Alone" by Wu Zhongqi, a master calligrapher. Shi Naian's cultural relics and historical materials are displayed in the hall, which are divided into four parts: Shi Naian's family background, life, writing anecdotes and social influence. There are hundreds of cultural relics and historical materials such as Shi Nagato's Biography, the unearthed epitaph of Shi Naian's only son, Shi Gongrang in Chu Shi, and Shi Tingzuo's epitaph, which have solved the "Shi Naian mystery" that has been unsolved for hundreds of years. Fan Ning, a researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, happily wrote a poem after visiting here:
The white pony people say that the white pony people have been passed down from generation to generation for a reason.
The stars move a few times, leaving only the lonely and angry to bury the lonely grave.
In the exhibition hall, people can also see many different versions of Water Margin. According to incomplete statistics, there are 53 versions of Water Margin in China since the reign of Jiajing. It is also widely circulated abroad. There are translations of Water Margin in Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Italy, France, Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania and other countries. The American versions include Water Margin, Selected Works of Water Margin, China Classical Novel Water Margin, Shui Pai Biography Vocabulary and Wild Pig Forest. There are more than 2 versions in Japan. The influence of Shi Naian and his work The Water Margin is very great. In China, there are China Water Margin Society, Zhejiang Water Margin Society, Shandong Liangshan Water Margin Research Society, Yancheng Water Margin Society, Dafeng Shi Naian Research Society and other academic groups specializing in Shi Naian and Water Margin, holding seminars and publishing publications. After the large-scale TV series "Water Margin" was broadcast, the audience was hundreds of millions. As the Japanese sinologist Yan Puwen said, "The Water Margin is an earth-shattering essay, the crown of China's novels, and an excellent classical novel in the world literary world". Dr. Lu Qingbin from the University of London has traveled across oceans, not far from Wan Li to visit Shi Naian in Dafeng Baiju. Shi Naian is not only a literary master in China, but also a celebrity in the world literary world. The Water Margin is not only a treasure of Chinese literature and art, but also the essence of world literature.
More than ten miles west of Shi Naian Memorial Hall (now in Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Township, xinghua city) is the Shi Naian Cemetery. A brick three-door archway stands in front of the tomb, with a stone carving of "Naian Gongfang" hanging on the middle beam. The tomb is among pines and cypresses, and the stone tablet of "Rebuilding Shi Naian's Tomb" written by Zhao Puchu stands in front of the tomb. There is also a green island nearby, and a small river flows around the island. People look down from a height, but it looks like a lion's (shizi's) plate of hydrangea, so it is commonly known as "a land of feng shui". Zhang Huiren, an associate researcher at the Institute of Literature, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, has a poetic praise:
On the other side of the bank, the white pony is misty, and the ball lion is bathed in the morning sun.
Nai 'an lies calmly under the spring, and comments are judged by people.
[ Edit this paragraph ]< Water Margin >
When introducing Song Zhezong, there was a boy named Gao Qiu in Tokyo. He played a good ball and was taken by Duanwang, the younger brother of Zhezong, and became Duanwang's confidant. Later, Duan Wang became emperor, and this was Huizong. In less than half a year, Gao Qiu was promoted to the rank of commander-in-chief of the temple. On his first day in office, Gao Qiu punished Wang Jin, the coach who had not arrived due to illness, and forced Wang Jin to flee Tokyo with his mother. Wang Jin came to Shijia Village in Huayin, where he was taken in and worshipped as a master. Later, due to Gao Qiu's tight pursuit, Wang Jin had to bid farewell to Shi Jin and defected to Yan 'an Mansion. After Wang went in, Shi Jin made friends with the leaders of Shaohua Mountain. After knowing this, Huayin County magistrate framed Shi Jin for liaising with bandits and sent troops to burn Shijiazhuang.
Shi Jin had to leave Huayin to find Wang Jin. Passing through Weizhou, I met Luda, the governor of Weizhou, and they came to the restaurant to drink. While drinking, suddenly there was crying from next door. Rudaton was reckless and always brave, and asked the bartender to bring the crying person. The Kim father and daughter were taken, and the daughter cried and said: Because there was no place to visit relatives in Weizhou, Zheng Tu of Zhuangyuanqiao butcher shop took advantage of people's danger and tried to marry my daughter as a concubine, but now he was driven out, so Zheng Tu asked my father and daughter to give him money. After hearing this, Lu Da was furious and determined to punish Zheng Tu. The next morning, Lu Da saw off the father and daughter of the Jin family and went to the butcher's shop in Zhuangyuanqiao. First, he asked Zheng Tu to cut the meat himself, and after teasing the villain, he was killed by three punches. Immediately left the nutrient-laden state. Half a month later, Mr. Zhao came forward and sent Lu Da to Wutai Mountain to become a monk, with a profound dharma name and wisdom.
Later, Lu Zhishen left Wutai Mountain to manage the vegetable garden in Tokyo Sokokuji. One day, Lu Zhishen was practicing martial arts in the vegetable garden, uprooting poplars in public, and was accompanied by his wife to the Yue Temple.