The development process of ancient cities in China can be roughly divided into four stages, and Daxing City in Sui Dynasty was in the third stage.
(A) Pre-Qin period-the origin and early development stage of the city
(B) Qin and Han Dynasties-the formation stage of the new urban system
(3) Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties-the closed Li Fang system city stage.
(4) A schematic diagram of the relationship between Longshou, Liu Yuanpo and Gan Kun in Chang 'an during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties-the open street system. Building the capital is a national event. The so-called "Dingding has a solid foundation and endless career" is related to the consolidation and development of the country, influenced by politics, economy, military and culture, and also affects the development of the capital in many aspects. Therefore, there must be some principles and methods in architectural layout, especially in ancient China, spiritual belief played a very important role in people's daily life, and pursued the ideal state of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Urban layout is often endowed with some symbolic meaning, and the planning and layout of the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties still cannot escape this pattern. Judging from the plane layout of the capital, the so-called "building the country and establishing the capital, you must record the mysterious image" has been given greater play and development here.
Miyagi, Imperial City and Waiguo are juxtaposed, and Miyagi symbolizes Polaris, thinking that it is in the sky; The purple wall around Beichen symbolized by the imperial city official office; The Guo Cheng outside symbolizes the stars arched to the north. Therefore, there is a poem in the Tang Dynasty saying that "Weidong well founded the country, and Beichen started in the city", which is the layout effect. Of course, it is also a reflection of the traditional Confucianism that feudal emperors ruled from north to south. As the general guiding ideology of governing the country by emperors in past dynasties, it runs through it and is also reflected in the planning and layout of the capital, adding mystery to the emperor's theocracy.
According to the Records of Chang 'an in Song Dynasty and Sanlitu in Sui Dynasty, the number design of streets and squares in Daxing City is also based on this. The south of the imperial city is like four o'clock; Nine parties in the north and south, taking the Li Zhou Jiu Kui system; On both sides of the imperial city, there are thirteen squares outside the south and north, which is like a year. Whether this is the case or not, it is a universal law of capital design, and they are annexed into symbolic designs.
In addition, with the development of China's ancient geomantic thought, Yu Wenkai also introduced this thought into the planning and design of Daxing City. Daxing City is located in the south of the old city of Chang 'an, Han Dynasty. The terrain is broad and flat, and there are six earth mountains running through it from east to west. If you look down on the land in Xi 'an from the air, you will find that the shape of the ground is very similar to the six hexagrams in the Book of Changes. Dry divination belongs to yang, which is called nine. From top to bottom, these six earth mountains across Xi 'an are called 9 1, 92, 93, 94, 95 and 96 from north to south.
Starting from the height of Liupo, the terrain gradually decreases from south to north. Then Miyagi's status is relatively low. There is another reason why Miyagi is not set at the top. According to the position of the stars in the sky, the most distinguished Wei Zi Palace lives in the center of the northern sky. It is located in the extreme center of the north, and there are fifteen stars around it in its east and west. Wei Zi Palace means the imperial palace, the emperor is the son of heaven, and the monarch on the earth should correspond to the stars in the sky. Therefore, the Forbidden City can only be arranged in the center of the north. Moreover, there is the Weihe River in the north, which is relatively safe from the perspective of defense.
According to the divination theory, the ninth day is a hidden dragon, so don't use it. 1992 Gaopo is "seeing (today) Tianlilong", so it can only "establish the palace as the imperial residence". On the slope in 1993, "a gentleman works all day, and if he hesitates in the evening, he is completely blameless." If the official position is placed here, it can reflect the concept that civil and military officials are constantly loyal and diligent. So Miyagi and Imperial City were arranged on the slopes of 92 and 93 respectively. The Ninth Five-Year Plan is the noblest. The so-called "ninth five-year plan supreme" belongs to the position of "flying dragon" and does not want ordinary people to live in it. So on the central axis of this Gaogang, two magnificent temples were built symmetrically from east to west, the Du Xuan Temple in Taoism in the west and Xingshan Temple in Buddhism in the east, hoping to suppress the emperor's gods in this place with the power of gods and buddhas. Pei Du, the prime minister of the mid-Tang Dynasty, was falsely accused of "the house was built on this high slope during the Ninth Five-Year Plan, showing his heart". In fact, many famous officials in the Tang Dynasty lived on this mountain, such as Han Yu, Li Zongmin, Yang, Liu Gongquan and so on.
Twenty-five streets criss-crossing the east, west, north and south in Chang 'an City divide the whole city into two cities and one hundred and eight squares. Among them, Zhuque Street divides the urban area into two parts: the east belongs to Wannian County, and there should be 55 squares. Qujiang Scenic Area in the southeast corner of the city occupies the land of two squares, so it actually leads 53 squares; It belongs to Chang 'an County in the west, with one city and 55 squares.
The symbolic meaning of 108 grid arrangement: 108 grid just corresponds to 108 star (such as 108 in Water Margin); Thirteen squares are arranged in the north and south, symbolizing a leap every year; To the south of the imperial city, there are four directions in the east and west, symbolizing the four seasons of the year; To the south of the imperial city, there are nine squares in the north and south, symbolizing the book "Zhou Li".
The so-called "five cities and nine kui" recorded in the four images of Feng Shui.
In order to avoid the emperor's anger, the government of Emperor Wendi of Sui ordered the palace and the residential alley in the south of the imperial city to cancel the north-south gate and only open the east-west gate.
Traditional geomantic omen advocates meridian direction in architecture, that is, sitting north facing south, which is highly respected by emperors in past dynasties. The original palace buildings in Chang 'an, Tang Dou all sit in the meridian direction facing south. The seat of the ancient emperor of China was in the north, facing the south. Because the emperor is a long time, just like above, so the emperor sits in the north, and the north is above, while the minister sitting in the south has a humble position and the south is below. In addition, the south gate of Miyagi was named "Suzaku Gate" and the north gate of Miyagi Taiji Palace was named Xuanwu Gate, all of which originated from the traditional geomantic saying of "Zuo Qinglong, Right White Tiger, Former Suzaku and Later Xuanwu Gate". There must be a reason for its name Since the north gate of Taiji Palace is named Xuanwu Gate, it must have the corresponding symbolic meaning of "Kan". The Xuanwumen incident, the court struggle around the succession of the throne in the early Tang Dynasty, happened here, but it just happened to coincide. From this point of view, the naming of urban streets and buildings is very particular.
In addition, there is a Hall of Two Instruments in the north of Taiji Palace. The title of "two instruments" also comes from the Book of Changes. "Therefore, it is easy to have Tai Chi, that is, two instruments are born, two instruments are born with four elephants, and four elephants are born with gossip."