Next to the stone archway is Dahongmen. This Dahongmen is not only the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, but also the gateway to Dongling of the whole Qing Dynasty. The red wall is winding, solemn and elegant. There is a stone tablet in front of the door, which reads "Officials are waiting to dismount here".
Passing through Dahongmen is the archway. There are two tall "Shengde Shen Gong Monuments" in the middle of the archway, on which the emperor shunzhi's life achievements are engraved in Manchu and Chinese respectively.
Longfeng Gate is located in the middle of Shinto, with three floors, three doors and six columns, covered with colored glazed tiles and decorated with auspicious patterns of dragons and phoenixes. There is a seven-hole bridge behind Longfengmen, which is the largest and most interesting of the nearly 100 stone bridges in the Qing Dongling.
The seven-hole arch bridge in Xiaoling in Qing Dynasty is the highest in stone bridge. Such a seven-hole arch bridge is only available in the Qing Xiaoling Mausoleum in Dongling. Seven-hole bridge length110m, 126 stone fence, 128 stone watchtower, with four drums on both sides, looks like Changhong lying in waves from a distance, which is magnificent.
The bridge body of the seven-hole bridge is all white marble, and the materials are strange. If you knock along the railing, you will hear the sound of five scales, so it is also called "five-tone bridge"
At the northern end of Shinto is the majestic Long 'en Hall, which is the main place for holding sacrificial activities and the main building of the cemetery. The whole Long En Temple is surrounded by four Zhou Jinlong, which is magnificent.
The sequential organization of mausoleums in the eastern part of the Qing Dynasty strictly follows the principle of "the mausoleum system is commensurate with the mountains and rivers", and it is necessary to "obey the etiquette rules" and "cooperate with the mountains and rivers to win". In this respect, the emperor shunzhi, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, can be regarded as a successful example.
In Qing Dynasty, Xiaoling Mountain took Jinxing Mountain as the face mountain, Yingbi Mountain as the case mountain, Changrui Mountain as the back mountain, and the three mountains connected as the axis of Xiaoling building. Since Jinxing Mountain and Changrui Mountain are more than 8,000 meters apart, in order to highlight the connection between the two mountains and form a magnificent momentum, the builder specially set up a Shinto with a length of about 6,000 meters, which runs through dozens of buildings from Shipaifang to Baoding and is divided into three sections according to the mountains and rivers.
1. The length from the stone archway to the shadow wall is about 1500m. With a large stone archway and a towering monument pavilion in Shengde, it echoes the rising Venus Mountain and the flat and round Yingbi Mountain in Ran Ran.
Second, the section from Yingbi Mountain to Wukong Bridge is about 3,500 meters long. The configuration of low-rise buildings such as stone statue, dragon and phoenix gate, one-hole bridge, seven-hole bridge and five-hole bridge is in harmony with the surrounding flat terrain.
Third, the section from Wukong Bridge to Baoding is about 1000 meters long. Equipped with tombstone pavilion, Long 'en Gate, Long 'en Hall, Fangcheng, Minglou and other major ceremonial buildings. These buildings rise from south to north in order to cooperate with Changrui Mountain and sand control on both sides.
The configuration and combination of these buildings are guided by the situation theory in geomantic omen, and their size, height, distance and density are all visually controlled by the scale of "a hundred feet are the shape, and a thousand feet are the potential".
Taking the shape of mountains and rivers as the landscape, as the background and as the architectural background, the purpose of "standing far into a ring and forming skillfully to show the potential" has been realized, giving people a good visual impression and a strong artistic sense of "high but not dangerous, low but not humble, sparse but not spacious, dense but not pressing" and "static but not moving, moving but not static"
Lu Shen Road in Xiaoling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty starts from the stone archway under Jinxing Mountain in the south, and reaches Baocheng and Shi Ding under Changrui Mountain in the north, connecting with Chaoshan Mountain, Hanshan Mountain and Kaoshan Mountain, connecting dozens of buildings with different shapes and colorful colors in Xiaoling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty, forming a magnificent, orderly and spectacular central axis of mausoleum building.
Although it drifts with the tide and has many twists and turns, it does not deviate from the straight road. It clearly shows the consistency of the north and south mountains, and strengthens the natural order of the guests and the host in line with the situation of mountains and rivers. The sacred path of Xiaoling is the longest sacred path in Qing Dynasty, and it is also the most spectacular and artistic sacred path.
In Qing Dynasty, the stone archway in Xiaoling was a wooden structure with five rooms, six columns and eleven floors, with a width of 3 1.35m and a height of 12.48m, all of which were made of huge bluish white stones. The top of the clip stone is carved with unicorn and lion, and the surface is embossed with patterns such as Yunlong, grass dragon and double lion ball.
There are colored paintings carved on the beam, columns folded, and auspicious clouds embossed on the flower board. Archway, rafters, rafters, kissing animals, cloud piers, sparrow replacement, etc. are all carved with stones, with exquisite craftsmanship and exquisite carving skills. Hundreds of years have passed, and there is no trace of flash. Such a tall and exquisite stone archway is rare in China.
In Qing Dynasty, there were 8 pairs of stone statues of Xiaoling/KLOC-0, 3 pairs of stone statues of China ministers and 3 pairs of stone statues of military commanders.
There are a pair of standing horses, a pair of standing Kirin, a pair of standing elephants, a pair of standing camels, a pair of standing lions and a pair of sentries.
These stone statues are all carved from a stone. When carving these stone statues, ancient masons did not deliberately pursue modeling, but paid more attention to shape, so the style of these stone statues was rough, bold, simple, mighty and extraordinary.
This 18 pair of stone carvings is symmetrically arranged on both sides of Shinto, which is more than 800 meters long from north to south, forming a mighty and magnificent dragon, making the imperial tomb more holy, solemn and solemn. Stone statue students in Xiaoling Mausoleum in Qing Dynasty are the largest and most distinctive group in tombs in Qing Dynasty.
The northern part of Qingling is adjacent to Changrui Mountain, and the architectural layout is from south to north, including Shengde Shen Gong Monument Pavilion, Five-hole Arch Bridge, Watchtower, Stone Statue Students, Ma Xia Monument, Chef Library, Arched Gate, Tombstone Pavilion, Erzhumen, Taishan Martial Arts, Fangcheng, Minglou, Baocheng, Baoding and the underground palace under Baoding.
These buildings, large and small, run through a complete sequence with a 9.70-meter-wide Lu Shen Road, which connects Lu Shen Road in the Qing Xiaoling Mausoleum in the south and Baocheng in the north.
Because the land from Wukong Bridge to Pailou Gate is deeply influenced by the terrain and cannot be symmetrically arranged like other tombs, the officials who built the Qing Jingling at that time simply designed the curved road according to the direction of Lu Shen. In addition to the winding sacred road, the stone statue layout of the Qing mausoleum is also different from all other mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty.