How to breed osmanthus
There are many propagation methods of osmanthus fragrans, such as sowing, grafting, layering and cutting. Osmanthus fragrans shoots in spring and autumn every year, but bamboo shoots are the best.
The living environment that flowers need. Osmanthus fragrans likes warm environment and should grow in acidic sandy soil with deep soil layer, good drainage, fertility and rich humus. Not drought-tolerant and barren, it grows very slowly in shallow, hardened and barren soil, with few branches and leaves, thin leaves, yellow leaves, no flowers or few flowers, and even periodic dead tops. In severe cases, the whole plant of osmanthus fragrans died; It likes sunshine, but it has a certain shade tolerance.
Generally, it germinates in March, new shoots develop in late April, grow into semi-old and strong branches at the end of June, form flower buds at high temperature in August, and bloom at the end of September. The next year, there were flowers on the branches, but the flowers were few and the quality was poor. So it needs pruning once after flowering in autumn. When pruning, according to the growth potential of the plant, the branches that grow too densely should be properly trimmed so that thick branches are evenly left on each side. Too dense branches will affect photosynthesis, lead to physiological disorders and affect the flowering of pregnant buds. At the same time, the long branches that grow in summer and autumn should also be cut off.
The second pruning is carried out before the germination of early spring buds, and all dead branches, weak branches and pests and diseases after winter are cut off. If the plant is too high, there are few branches in the lower part, and the plant shape is not beautiful, the top of the trunk can be trimmed to make the lower part germinate adventitious buds and new branches. In addition, it is beneficial to the growth of spring buds and flowers to cut the budding branches frequently and concentrate nutrition during the growth period.
The optimum temperature for the growth of osmanthus fragrans is 25 ~ 28℃. Above 30℃, it is unfavorable for growth and development; below -6℃, it is vulnerable to freezing injury. The suitable room temperature for safe overwintering of potted plants is 0 ~ 10℃. In the north, osmanthus fragrans will be moved indoors in late autumn, and the basin soil will be kept slightly moist, so that it can be fully dormant for next year's flowering, and then moved to a ventilated and sunny place for maintenance after the Qingming Festival the next year. Potted osmanthus fragrans should be turned once every 1 ~ 2 years, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied.
Matters needing attention in how to plant osmanthus trees;
1. Osmanthus fragrans likes slightly acidic soil. Potted plants can be mixed with 5 parts of mountain mud or humus, 3 parts of garden soil and 2 parts of sandy soil, or mixed with half of humus and sandy loam as culture soil.
2. Water in time. Watering should be mastered? Two less and one more? That is, water less and rain less before new shoots appear, and water more when the weather is dry in summer and autumn. It is advisable to keep the water content of basin soil at about 50% at ordinary times. Especially when flowering in autumn, if the pot soil is too wet, it is easy to cause falling flowers. Pay attention to inspection in rainy days. If there is water in the basin, pour water from the side basin in time to avoid root rot after a long time.
3. Skillfully apply topdressing. After osmanthus fragrans germinated in spring, fully decomposed pancake fertilizer was applied every 10 day to promote germination and branching. After July, apply diluted decomposed chicken and duck manure or fish into the water, or add 0.5% calcium superphosphate to the above fertilizer solution to promote germination and differentiation. At the beginning of September, when the liquid fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer was applied for the last time, osmanthus fragrans flourished and the flowers were delicious. Insufficient fertilization, especially phosphate fertilizer, will result in fewer branches, fewer flowers and no fragrance.
4, appropriate pruning. Osmanthus fragrans has developed root system and strong germination. Mature osmanthus trees branch twice a year, in spring and autumn respectively. Therefore, in order to make Osmanthus fragrans flourish, it is necessary to prune it properly to maintain the physiological balance between reproductive growth and vegetative growth. Therefore, it needs pruning once after flowering in autumn. According to the growth potential of the plant, in addition to thinning the dense branches, the long branches in summer and autumn should also be cut off, so that thick and short branches are evenly left on each side branch. The second pruning is carried out before germination in early spring, and orange branches, twigs and insect branches are cut off to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and promote osmanthus fragrans to breed more and fuller flower buds. During the growth period, the budding branches should be cut frequently to facilitate the concentration of flower cultivation, and then the flowers will flourish. In addition, potted osmanthus plants should be short and strong, with compact branches and thick trunks. Change pots in early spring every 1 ~ 2 years. In late autumn in the north, osmanthus fragrans should be moved to a cold room above 0℃ for wintering, so as to keep the soil slightly wet and make it fully dormant, which is conducive to flowering in the next year. In the next year, Tomb-Sweeping Day will move it to a sunny place for maintenance.
5, pest control. Osmanthus fragrans is prone to anthracnose, brown spot disease, plaster disease, Fusarium wilt, algae spot disease, soot disease, whitefly, scale insect, moth, thorn moth, grasshopper, osmanthus leafhopper and other pests, which need to be sprayed in time for control.
6, seedling breeding technology.
(1) Selection of nursery. Nursery should choose sandy loam or light loam with good drainage. If the soil is too sticky, properly mix some sand to adjust the soil texture. In order to prevent the occurrence of damping-off and root rot, pesticides should also be sprayed to disinfect the soil when making the bed. Cutting should be planted with high tips, and drainage must be smooth. Practice has proved that water accumulation after rain is the easiest way to rot cuttings, especially before cuttings take root, attention should be paid to timely drainage.
(2) Setting of plastic shed and shade shed. Simply speaking, closed seedling raising is shed-covered shed, that is, shade shed-covered plastic shed. The width of slotted bed is 1. 10 m (actual utilization rate is 1.0 m), and the bamboo pieces sharpened at both ends are inserted in an arch shape, 0.5 m from the bed surface to the vault. In order to tighten the arch bamboo pieces, thin bamboo should be tied between the bows, and both sides of the plastic shed should be tamped with soil without leaving gaps, but both ends of the plastic shed need not be sealed and can be free. The plastic film shed should be covered with a double reed curtain, and the height of the shade shed should be 1 m, so that there is a space of 50 cm between the plastic shed and the reed curtain, which is convenient for air circulation and reduces the temperature in the plastic shed. In addition, the plastic shed should be surrounded by a single curtain to prevent side sunlight.
(3) Cutting time. The most suitable period is from mid-May to late June (autumn planting can be from mid-August to late September). Some places think that sweet-scented osmanthus shoots in early spring and can be cut in April in advance. Practice has proved that although the degree of lignification of cuttings was high at that time, the air temperature and ground temperature were low, and cuttings were not easy to take root after cutting, and cuttings were easy to rot and deteriorate.
(4) Selection and treatment of cuttings. Cutting with tender buds that germinated that year. In order to make cuttings robust and full, it is necessary to manage the fertilizer and water of cutting mother trees in winter. Apply quick-acting fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times before heading 1 ~ 2 months, and pay attention to irrigation in spring drought. Practice shows that plump and neat branches are easy to form root primordium, take root quickly and have high survival rate, while fine branches are the opposite. The length of cuttings is 8 ~ 10 cm. Cutting cuttings should be quickly placed in a ventilated and cool place indoors, and the leaves should be wetted with water in time to keep the cuttings fresh. 5 ~ 6 top leaves should be left when cutting leaves. In order to avoid overcrowding and prevent the leaves from being embedded in each other, you can cut the leaves in half. It is observed that most cuttings of osmanthus fragrans take root at nodes, but less at nodes, so it is better to leave 1 ~ 2 nodes in the part inserted into the soil, and it is more beneficial to take root if the cutting ends are just at nodes. Treating cuttings with NAA is an effective measure to promote the early rapid rooting of osmanthus fragrans. It is important to soak cuttings with 500PPM NAA 7-8 days earlier than untreated cuttings.
(5) cutting. The cuttings are inserted into half the soil with a spacing of 6? 10 cm, 200 cuttings per square meter. If you move out immediately after taking root, you can increase the density and make full use of the plastic shed by treating the bed insertion as an intermediate transition. The regeneration ability of vegetative organs of Osmanthus fragrans is the physiological basis of cutting propagation. Osmanthus fragrans cuttings first form original roots and regenerate roots, and then grow adventitious roots. The rooting of cuttings is not in the healing tissue but concentrated in the internode, and a few are in the internode cortex. It was observed that each plant produced an average of 19 lateral roots, of which 13 roots were produced at nodes and 6 roots were produced at internode cortex. If there are two roots, there are more roots below than above. From the appearance, osmanthus fragrans also forms healing tissue like other tree species. The healing tissue is located at the end of cutting, and a tumor-like process is formed between cortex and xylem, which is formed 15 ~ 20 days after cutting. If NAA treatment is not used, the formation of healing tissue may be delayed. The for healing tissue is stable for about 7- 10 day, and then new roots are generated.