Bai Juyi (772-846), a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, settled in Lvdaoli, Luoyang (now around Lion Bridge, Hecun and Datun) in his later years and was buried at Pipa Peak in Dongshan, Longmen. The graveyard of Bai Juyi (772-846 AD), a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, also known as the White Garden, is located on the Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Luoyang. 196 1 year, the State Council announced Bai Juyi's tomb as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China. 1982 Luoyang municipal government allocated 165438+ ten thousand yuan to rebuild baiyuan, which was completed and opened in 1985.
The white hills surrounded by pines and cypresses are at the end of the pipa. Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan in his later years, also known as "Xiangshan layman". Being buried here not only conforms to the poet's last wish, but also coincides with the meaning of his masterpiece Pipa, which is unique and amazing. Some people say that the poet liked the scenery of Yi Que (now Longmen, Luoyang) before his death, and specially asked his descendants to bury him here so that he could enjoy the scenery of Yi Que quietly after his death. However, some people say that the poet was buried at Pipa Peak, which means something else. Bai Juyi has been immersed in officialdom for many years, and he is more and more aware of the darkness of officialdom. The poet's career in his later years was gloomy and he didn't want future generations to follow in his footsteps. So the poet left a will: he will never be an official again. Look at the Pipa Peak, which is steep in front and wide in water below. It is a Jedi, which is a big taboo in choosing a tomb site. He deliberately abandoned Beimang, a treasure trove of geomantic omen that everyone yearned for, and chose his tomb site at the peak of the Pipa in front of the Jedi, thus breaking his bureaucratic style.
Baiyuan Garden includes the entire Pipa Peak at the eastern end of Longmen Bridge, covering an area of 44 mu. It is divided into three areas: Gu Qing, Mausoleum and Poetry Gallery. It is a memorial garden building designed and built according to the poet's personality, Tang style and the principle of appropriateness to nature. Yingmen is in Guqing District, surrounded by bamboos, with waterfalls hanging and the lotus pond cool. Climbing up the stairs, tall old trees stand there quietly, quiet and serene, with towering trunks and mottled scales, branches flying in the air, staggered left and right, covered with green shade and full of interest. The mountain spring sings in the stream, which is endless and beautiful, just like the beautiful music played by pipa, which makes people feel nostalgic, as if they had just visited for more than a thousand years and returned to the head of Xunyang River, where the poet was relegated. Through the swaying white pool of lotus flowers, climb the stone path and come to the hillside shaded by cypress trees. Visitors will see a circular pavilion covered with yellow grass, and there are bamboo chairs in the pavilion for tourists to rest. This simple circular building is called "Listening Art Pavilion", also known as Cao Ting, which was built to commemorate Bai Juyi's masterpiece Farewell to Ancient Grass. The poem is: "the vast grass crosses the plain and comes and goes with the seasons." Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it. Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey. Oh, my friend's prince, you left again, and I heard them sigh behind you. " This poem is catchy, and paper is expensive when Luoyang is one of them.
Enter the white garden, cross the white pool with swaying green lotus, climb the rock path and come to the hillside shaded by village cypress. Visitors will see a circular pavilion with yellow grass and bamboo chairs on it for tourists to rest. Sitting in the pavilion, listening to the sound of the Yi River in front of the mountain, you can feel the quietness of the valley under your feet and the solidification of time, as if a resting poet were walking in Berlin and reciting a series of disgusting works.
Zhang Gu's Advocating Leisure in the Tang Dynasty tells a story about this poem: When Bai Juyi first arrived in Chang 'an, the capital, he took his own works to visit Gu Kuang, a famous poet at that time. Gu Kuang saw that Bai Juyi was still a small child, and he looked down on him in his heart. He looked at the name on Bai Juyi's manuscript and said with a smile:
"Rice is expensive and life is better!"
This is a joke on the poet's name, saying that Chang 'an is expensive and it is not easy to live in vain! The implication is that this city is not easy to get along with. Gu Kuang said, flipping through Bai Juyi's poems. Who knows that after reading the first song, Gu Kuang's eyes widened; After reading the second song, Gu Kuang was surprised; When watching the third song, Gu Kuang couldn't help reciting it out loud. When he read that "wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze", he got a huge reward. This case was called:
"In a word, live easily!"
It is not difficult to be an official in Beijing if you can write such a wonderful poem! Later, Gu Kuang often talked with others about Bai Juyi's poetic talent and praised it greatly. The name of Bai Juyi's poem spread.
Then cross the narrow path and turn seven and eight, which is the cemetery area. Bai Juyi died in August in the sixth year of Huichang, Tang Wuzong (AD 846) and was buried here. In front of a semi-circular tomb, there is a monument of "Tang Shaofu Baigong Tomb", surrounded by four Zhou Songbai mountains, which is solemn and beautiful. Standing here, you can see the Song Yue Temple in the east, the long bridge in the west is like a mirror, Mangshan Mountain in the north is winding and undulating, and the caves in the south are as dense as a honeycomb, which makes you feel comfortable and interesting, and many tourists linger here.
Next to the poet's tomb, there is a long corridor built because of the terrain. This is the poetry gallery area, where poems written by famous painters and painters and ceramic tile murals depicting poems are concentrated. Most of his works are poems praising Bai Juyi's literary achievements. As a local official, wherever Bai Juyi went, within the scope of his power, he got rid of the accumulated disadvantages, benefited the people, was honest and self-disciplined, and was not greedy for a penny. This lofty official virtue of being loyal to his duties, helping the world and benefiting the people, and taking the world as his own responsibility deserves praise from future generations. In July of the second year of Tang Muzong Changqing (AD 822), Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. During his tenure, he sympathized with people's feelings and implemented projects such as building dikes, storing lakes and reclaiming wasteland, which greatly promoted the development of agricultural production. The local people were grateful and carved a monument to commemorate his achievements. Bai Juyi also wrote an affectionate poem, "Save only one lake and share the disaster year with you". When he left office, he left all the remaining salary in the official treasury, which was used by his successor to fill the 50-year vacancy, which became a story for a while. Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou in the year of Bao Liyuan in Tang Jingzong (AD 825). He still forgets to eat and sleep, works hard, benefits the people of Suzhou, makes remarkable achievements and is deeply loved by the people of Suzhou. When leaving office, hundreds of thousands of people in Suzhou exchanged tears, and Bai Juyi was very moved. He wrote "Farewell to Suzhou": "The blue will be an official, and the white will be Li Meng. After a while, I will worship the water, and I will follow the boat for ten miles. " The poet Liu Yuxi also wrote this touching scene in Bai Taishou: "When I heard about Bai Taishou, I threw the lawsuit back. 100,000 households in Suzhou are all treasures. " Bai Juyi also replied with deep affection: "I am ashamed of Su Min's tears and Liu Jun's resignation." When Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang in his later years, he still did not forget to benefit the people. In order to manage Bajie Beach, a natural shoal south of Longmen Beach, shipwrecks and deaths often occur here, and he did not hesitate to sell all his possessions. At the same time, he used his reputation and qualifications to run around and mobilize people from all walks of life to donate money to solve the problem of extreme shortage of funds. When the project was completed and the boat passed through the dangerous beach smoothly, the old poet couldn't restrain his inner excitement and immediately wrote, "I have other happy events in my heart. I have opened the Longmen Eight Beaches."
There are also some masterpieces handed down from ancient times by Bai Juyi, such as Biegu Cao, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Trip and Watching the Wheat Cut. Reading these poems that have been told through the ages, I admire this great realistic poet who vigorously promoted the new Yuefu movement and created the poetic style in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Bai Juyi's tomb is located in Pipa Peak, backed by the main mountain of Longmen Dongshan, with a steep and quiet soil slope in front and a wide Yi River under the slope. Some people say that this is because the poet liked the scenery of yique before his death, and deliberately asked future generations to bury him here so that he could enjoy the scenery of yique quietly after his death. It is also said that the poet's will is buried at the peak of the pipa, which means something else.
Bai Juyi gradually realized the darkness of officialdom in the long-term ups and downs of officialdom. The poet's career was cold in his later years, and he was only interested in mountains and rivers. After he quit the officialdom, he looked at each other coldly and realized the sinister meaning of Yihai. So he was completely disappointed in his career. Moreover, he doesn't want to follow in his footsteps and waste his life in officialdom.
Therefore, the poet told his descendants: From now on, it will be handed down from generation to generation and never go out to be an official again. He also studies Feng Shui. Seeing the steep water and wide water in front of Pipa Peak, it is a Jedi, so it is taboo to choose a tomb site. He deliberately abandoned Beimang, a treasure trove of geomantic omen that everyone yearned for, and chose his tomb site at the top of the Pipa Peak facing the Jedi, in order to break his bureaucratic airs.
The descendants of Bai Juyi don't know whether they consciously abide by the teachings of their ancestors; It's true that poets have broken the bureaucratic airs, and there are really few officials.