Chu Suiliang (596 ~ 658)
Minister and calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty. Originally from Yangzhai, Henan (now Yuxian, Henan), he moved south to Qiantang, Hangzhou (now west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the late Jin Dynasty. Father Chu Liang, one of the 18 bachelors of Li Shimin Literature Museum, is the King of Qin. Officials are scattered, riding is waiting. In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Secretary Lang was transferred to Live Lang. He was good at calligraphy and was recommended by Wei Zhi to Emperor Taizong, who was appreciated. Fifteen years, advised Taizong to suspend meditation. In the same year, Huolang moved to persuade doctors. During the Zhenguan period, Emperor Taizong doted on his fourth son, Wang Wei Taiwan, and Sui Liang proposed that the treatment of princes should have certain specifications. In seventeen years, Prince Chenggan was abolished for murdering Wei Wangtai, so Sui Liang and Sun Chang Wuji persuaded Taizong to make his ninth son, King Li Zhi of Jin, a prince (namely, Li Zhi and Tang Gaozong). The following year, Sui Liang was appointed assistant minister of Huangmen and participated in the state affairs. When Emperor Taizong planned an expedition to Koguryo, he held different opinions, especially against Emperor Taizong's personal expedition. Twenty-two years for the secretariat, twenty-three years, Taizong died, called and mowgli as life minister. In the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (650), Sui Liang bought the land of the target audience of Hanshu at a low price and disintegrated into a secretariat of the same state. In three years, he was recalled as Minister of History and Prime Minister. For four years, he was shot as the right servant of Shangshu. In six years, I wanted to abolish the king and become a queen. He believes that there is nothing wrong with the Queen of Kings being born in a noble family. She strongly opposed the abolition of the legislature, and was therefore demoted to Tanzhou Secretariat, transferred to Guangxi Governor (now Guilin) and demoted to Aizhou Secretariat (now Qinghua, Vietnam). In the third year of Xianqing (658), he died anywhere.
Chu Suiliang, Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Xue Qi were four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. His calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation include Preface to Tang Sanzang, Biography of Yique Buddhist Shrine, Monument to Master Meng, Square Monument, and Preface to the Wild Goose Pagoda. , ink for Ni Kuanzan.
Zhang Xu (date of birth and death unknown), a native of Suzhou, is a commandant of Changshu County. Great calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. It is famous for cursive writing. Tang Wenzong once issued a rare imperial edict to the whole country: Li Bai's poems and songs, Zhang Xu's cursive script and Fei Min's sword dance can become the "three wonders" in the world. Books handed down from ancient times include Abdominal Pain Sticker and Four Stickers of Ancient Poems.
Huai Su (737 ~ 799)
China calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. The common surname is money, but this word hides the truth. Yongzhou Lingling (now Yongzhou, Hunan) people. Becoming a monk since childhood. Good at cursive writing, good at drinking, and writing books every time he gets drunk, so he is called a drunken monk. Its cursive brushwork is fine and round, flying naturally, and its statutes are complete. It is said that when he wrote a book, he "suddenly screamed three or five times and there were thousands of words on the wall." Together with the cursive master Zhang Xu at that time, it was called Dianzhangkuangcao. Today, there are ink self-narration posts, hidden truth posts, bitter bamboo shoots posts, book posts, fish eating posts, French posts, grass thousand-character texts and so on.
Sun was born in 648 and died in 703. There are two opinions about his native place: one is Liu Chen (now Kaifeng, Henan); Said Fuyang (now southwest of Hangzhou) people. Generally speaking, he is called Fuyang, but he calls himself Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Chen Ziang made an epitaph for him, saying that he "went to court at the age of forty and was criticized." He was a member of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. Cao Youwei, the official to the right-back, joined the army and led government clerks to join the army. Good at calligraphy and calligraphy theory. He can write freely, and cursive writing is really good. Cursive script teaches "two kings" "Use a pen to break the strength" (Continued Book), such as "Danya is absolutely ravine, but the pen is firm" (Tang Wei continued Continued Book). Good at cursive writing, especially with a pen, but still curious. He is also good at copying ancient posts, and it is often difficult to distinguish between true and false. Tang Gaozong once said that the fine print of the imperial court is enough to confuse the words and offer them, and its vividness is obvious. Chen Ziang's "Sun Lu of the Sacrifice House" said: "Yuan often died, but he didn't pass it on, and the monarch left Han, which will be the same from generation to generation." Comparing Sun Bin with Zhong You of Wei, we can see that his calligraphy attainments are very high. Guo Ting is also a calligraphy theorist, and his Book Score won the purport of calligraphy. So far, it has become a model for learning cursive script. Song Gaozong commented: "Pu Shu's bandit words are gorgeous, with both grass and law." It can be seen that this Book Score is not only rich in calligraphy, but also has many incisive and original opinions, which can be said to be a model of both calligraphy and writing. He also returned books, such as "Thousand-Character Works" and "Fu to Jingfu Temple". His famous work "Book Score" was written in ink and merged by Sun Zi. Chinese calligraphy has been vertically arched for three years (687), cursive and paper. It is 27.2 cm long and 898.24 cm wide. Each paper ranges from 16 to 18 lines, with 8 to 12 words per line, ***35 1 line, with more than 3,500 words. There are more than 70 words in Yan Wen, 30 words in Bo Ying at the end of Han Dynasty and 30 words in Jing Bu Jing. "The Book Score has two volumes in the Song Dynasty. After the second volume was lost, it only rolled up. In his decades of calligraphy practice, Sun Shi believes that since the Han and Tang Dynasties, calligraphers have "dabbled in glitz, which is nothing more than external appearance and internal mystery. "As a result of writing a book spectrum, it was also called" Cloud Pen Theory "in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Pu Shu, originally hidden in the imperial palace of the Song Dynasty, can be divided into Xuanhe and Zhenghe. Song Huizong autographed it. After returning to Sun Chengze, I went back to Anqi, and then to the Qing government, the old Palace Museum, and now Taiwan Province Province, commonly known as the original book spectrum. There are photocopies for publication. Pu Shu is an epoch-making calligraphy treatise in the history of China's calligraphy. He put forward his famous calligraphy view of "naughty in the past, different disadvantages in the present", which laid the foundation of calligraphy aesthetic theory. His achievements in calligraphy art are consistent with his achievements in calligraphy theory. Sun's calligraphy, tracing back to the "two kings", is adopted by others and combined into one to express his own meaning. His brushwork is standardized, his statutes are great, and he has a legacy of Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Liu Gongquan (778 -865), whose real name was Cheng Xuan, was a Jingzhao Chinese in the Tang Dynasty. He is a prince's official and is called "Liu" in the world. Because he was also named Duke of Hedong by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He is a descendant of Yan Zhenqing, and later called them "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was very famous at that time in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying among the people that "Liu Zi is a thousand dollars". His calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and his words are rigorous and meticulous. As far as the characteristics of Chinese characters are concerned, they are famous for their thinness and strength. The regular script written is beautiful and strong, and the running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is called "Liu Style" because of its unique works.
Yan Zhenqing, (709-785), a native of Wanzhao, Jingzhao, was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) in the Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, he was a scholar, moved to the temple as a counselor, and was hated by Yang, making him a satrap of the plain, so he was called Yan Plain in the world. An Shi Rebellion, who made meritorious service in resisting thieves, entered Beijing as an official, prince and founder of the county, so it was also called Yan. When Li Xilie rebelled in Dezong, he put the country first and went to the enemy camp to know what was right. He was finally killed by Li Xilie at the age of 77. The imperial edict of Dezong said: "He is blessed with unique advantages, outstanding in public loyalty and loyal to the four dynasties."
In the history of calligraphy, he is the most accomplished and influential calligrapher after the two kings. His book was first learned in Zhang Xu and four schools in the early Tang Dynasty. Later, it was widely learned, changed the ancient law, and opposed the wind of the early Tang Dynasty. He used the pen of seal script to turn thin and hard into plump and vigorous, broad-minded and magnificent. This style also reflects the prosperous style of the Tang Dynasty and accords with his noble personality. His calligraphy style is called "Yan Ti", which is also called "Yan Liu" with Liu Gongquan, and has the reputation of "Yan Liu Jin Gu". It is said that there are 138 kinds of his works. Regular script includes "Many Pagodas and Monuments" and "The Story of Magu Xiantan". Among them, it is very personalized, such as "Jing Qing presses the sword, Fan Kuai holds the shield, King Kong looks at his eyes, and Lux punches." There are several cursive scripts, such as Sacrifice to My Nephew, Contention for Seats, Pei Jun Post and Confessions. Among them, offering sacrifices to nephews is the highest artistic realm in a very sad mood, and it is called "the second running script in the world". Mi Fei's Book History: "The book of seats is very powerful, and it is the first of Yan's books. The characters are connected, flying strangely and unexpectedly."
He is honest, clean and honest, has a sense of justice, never condescends to the powerful, condescends to flatter, and is famous for his benevolence and righteousness. His loyal and glorious deeds throughout his life improved his position in calligraphy.
Song Ouyang Xiu commented: "Uncle Yan is like a loyal minister, like a martyr, like a moral gentleman. His dignity and respect are frightening at first sight, but the longer he takes, the cuter he becomes. " Not many people in the world see the treasure, but they never tire of it. "Zhu also praised his book:" Points are like falling rocks, paintings are like clouds, hooks are like bows, images are vertical and horizontal, and ambitions are low. Since the dedication, there is no such thing as a public figure. Yan Ti Shu has a far-reaching influence on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, many famous artists learned from the success of Yan Zhenqing's political reform. Especially cursive script, after the Tang Dynasty, some famous artists learned from Yan Zhenqing and established their own style on the basis of learning from the two kings. Yan Zhenqing's main works are:
1, Dong Fangshuo Portrait Praise: There are two regular script works of Dong Fangshuo Portrait Praise, one is Wang Xizhi's small script, and the other is Yan Zhenqing's big script. This inscription, inscribed "Dr. Han Taizhong, Mr. Dongfang, painted a preface to praise", was erected in Dezhou in the 13th year of Tang Tianbao, when Yan Zhenqing was 46 years old. Su Dongpo once studied this monument and wrote: "Yan Lugong wrote a monument in his life, but this monument is Qingxiong." This sentence is very clear, and then I saw Wang Youjun's book. I know the words are very close to this book. Although the size is different, the charm is still good. "There is a cloud in the Ming Dynasty:" Calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, and it is Lu Gong's proud pen. "
2. Sacrifice manuscript: cursive script. During the Anshi Rebellion, Lv Gong's cousin Yan Gaoqing was appointed as the prefect of Changshan County. Thieves and soldiers advanced on him, so that Taiyuan saved our army, and Yan Gaoqing and his son were killed. Therefore, the article says that "thieves and ministers cannot be saved, the isolated city is besieged, the father is trapped and the child dies, and the nest collapses." Later, Duke Zhuang of Lu sent his nephew Quan Ming to clean up the mess. He only got one foot and Ji Ming's skull, so he did it. Duke Lu is fifty years old. Calligraphy works are words, and people say there are words. Duke Lu is a loyal and heroic man, and his life is awe-inspiring. His spiritual integrity is embodied in calligraphy. This manuscript is the most enjoyed by book reviewers. This post was originally a manuscript, but it was deleted and smeared. It can be seen that Duke Lu conceived the article and his feelings fluctuated from beginning to end, so it was written with high spirits, magnificent brushwork and natural charm. All the places where the pen is used up and the belt is pulled can be seen clearly. From beginning to end, I used a slightly bald pen, a round and healthy brushwork, and finally surrendered because the ink was not dry. Although the ink color changed greatly because of the initial pause, the black ash was thick and dry, but it was done at one go. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Jingyan wrote an inscription: "It is better to speak than to write a letter, and it is better to write a letter. The cover is an official work, although the end of the letter is a rope contract; Letters are quite indulgent when they are on a whim; Moreover, the drafting was unintentional, and it was his palm that was forgotten. It's great to see it here. " Yuan Xianyu's evaluation of this post is "the second running script in the world".
3. Multi-tower Monument: The full name is "Multi-tower Induction Monument of Qianfu Temple in Xijing, Datang", which was built on April 20th, the 11th year of Tianbao (752), written by Cenxun, inscribed by Yan Zhenqing Shu Dan and Xu Hao, and engraved by Shihua. It is now in the forest of steles in Xi 'an. The inscription tells that longxing temple in Xijing and Monk Chu read The Goblet of Fire on a quiet night today, as if many stupas appeared from time to time. He is determined to turn the stupa in illusion into reality. In the first year of Tianbao, Qianfu Temple was built, which took four years to complete. In Qianfu Temple, it is of special significance in the history of Buddhism to write the golden eye of fire and the precepts of bodhisattva for the emperor and ordinary people every year. This tablet is a famous work in Yan Zhenqing's early years, and its writing is respectful and sincere, which directly reflects the legacy of the kings of Europe, Henan and Chu, but it has obvious similarities with the writing of the Tang Dynasty, indicating that Yan Zhenqing paid great attention to absorbing nutrition from the folk calligraphy art while learning from the previous calligraphers. The whole article is well-structured, with Wu Si fence between the lines. The stippling is round, dignified and beautiful, as static as moving, and fascinating. He inherited traditional works. Postscript of calligraphy and painting: "This is the most flat and stable book of Lu Gong, and it is also full of charm and vulgar. It is the originator of modern historians. "
4, Magu Xiantan Ji: The full name is "Magu Mountain Xiantan Ji in Nancheng County, Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty", in regular script. Yan Zhenqing writes, writes and writes books. When Yan Zhenqing was appointed as the secretariat of Fuzhou, his official career was frustrated, so he sometimes asked Zen. I visited Magu Mountain in Nancheng County in April that year and wrote an article about Magu's enlightenment, which is a reflection of my mood at this time. This monument is magnificent and has always been valued by people. It is one of the representative works of Yan Ti, and it is the work of Yan Zhenqing in his sixties. At this time, Yan Zhenqing's regular script style has been improved. Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Records said: "This monument is steep and tight, especially fine, with fine strokes."
5. Yanbei: The full name of this monument is "The History of the Governor of Langya Prefecture and the Monument for Protecting the Army" written by the Ministry of Secretariat. Yan is Yan Zhenqing's great grandfather. Yan Zhenqing was 7 1 year old when he wrote and published this monument. All his books are silent except The Record of Jigu and The Record of the Stone. Now it is hidden in the forest of steles in Xi 'an. Because this monument has been buried in the soil for a long time, it is intact, and like a new one, it conveys the true colors of Yan Shu with great vigor.
6. Zhongxing Ode: The full name is Datang Zhongxing Ode and regular script. Jie Yuan wrote articles and Yan Zhenqing wrote cliffs. 63 years old, now living in Wuxi, Qiyang County, Hunan Province. Yuan Jie was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. After he was dismissed from office, he lived in Wuxi, where rocks piled up and stone walls were rugged. Ode to Zhongxing is carved on one of the largest stone walls. This article recorded the Lushan Mountain Rebellion and praised Tang Zhongxing. At this moment, the stone book stands upright and majestic, and the stone is hard. It has been preserved intact for thousands of years. "Lu" praised this cliff stone carving as "the calligraphy is particularly wonderful and the language is quaint" and "Postscript of Guang Chuan Shu" commented: "Grandmaster praised your title, which was precious in the past."
7. Temple Monument: The full name is "Inscription and Preface of Prince Shao Baoyan's Temple where Dr. Gu of Tang Dynasty gave a toast to the minister's son", written by Yan Zhenqing. In July of the first year of Tang Jianzhong (780), a monument was erected in Xi 'an, Shaanxi. Zhao Minghan's "Graphite Seal Carving China" says: "This book is written in the same way as Ode to the East, which is vigorous and straightforward, with a faint pen." Wang Shizhen said: "I tried to comment on Yan's" Monument to the Family Temple "and thought that there was a jade prism in the modern nation. Elegant and dignified, Zhuang Mi is quite beautiful. A real calligrapher is a treasure. "
8. Competing for seats: also known as "On Seats", "Shooting with Guo Servant", cursive. It is a letter manuscript of Yan Zhenqing and Guo Yingzhi in the second year of Tang Guangde (764). In the Song Dynasty, it was once owned by a stone man in Chang 'an, who regarded it as a stone. This stone is now in the forest of steles in Xi, Shaanxi, and the ink has not been handed down. Su Shi once saw the original work in Anyi and praised it: "This is even stranger than publishing other books. Trustworthy, self-written, and gesture. " This post is Yan Zhenqing's fine cursive script. Throughout the calligraphy, the characters are consistent, and the tiger is powerful. This manuscript was written by Yan Zhenqing because he was dissatisfied with the arrogance of power traitors. Therefore, he is full of momentum, strong and open-minded, and there is a sense of loyalty between the lines, which shows Yan Zhenqing's upright and honest character. It has been more than a thousand years, and it is awe-inspiring to read. This post was originally a draft, and the author meditated between words, regardless of pen and ink, but it became a masterpiece in the history of calligraphy. Later generations regarded this post and Preface to Lanting as "two treasures".
9. Self-written post: regular script. Calligraphy is vigorous and rigorous, and the fine print of the title is meticulous and light. Zhan Jingfeng called this book: "Calligraphy Gu Zhuo is vigorous, vigorous and natural." It's just like northerners use horses and southerners use boats. Although it is a sum, it is rich in time, three times. "Dong Qichang said," There are very few people who are curious and unrestrained in this volume. "Between the lines of this post, we can learn about the subtle changes in Yan's font and structure, which is a rare example for future generations to learn regular script.
Li Yong (678 ~ 747)
China calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. Word Taihe Guangling Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) people. He used to be Zuo Shiyi, a minister of foreign affairs and a satrap of Beihai, and was called Li Beihai. Because Li was jealous, he insisted on killing the wronged person. He is good at running script, learning from Wang Xizhi, and then creating his own. Writing inscriptions with lines has a magnificent style, dense structure and vigorous strokes. There is no ink. Today, there are Mr. Ye Youdao Monument, Duanzhou Shishi Monument, Lushan Temple Monument, Tolin Temple Monument, Hokkeji Monument, Yunhui General Li Sixun Monument and Yunhui General Li Xiu Monument handed down from generation to generation.