The palace area is located in the south of the villa, with numerous palace buildings and neat layout, which is the epitome of the Forbidden City. Including four groups of buildings: Gong Zheng, Song Hezhai, Wanhe Song Feng and Dongfang. The main hall is the place where the Qing emperor handled government affairs, rested and held important ceremonies when he was in the villa. Song Hezhai, which means "ROY Song prolongs life", was built in Qianlong period for the queen mother to live in. Wanhe Song Feng was the place where the Qing emperors read the memorial and read books. It is a transitional building between the palace area and the lake area, and its shape is similar to the humorous garden of the Summer Palace. The East Palace, located in the easternmost part of the palace area, was originally the place where the Qing emperor held a celebration ceremony, but was later destroyed by the war.
Garden scenic spots are divided into lake areas, plain areas and mountainous areas. To the north of the palace area is the lake area. The lake area combines the beauty of southern gardens with the beauty of northern gardens, and transplanted the landscape of Jiangnan gardens to the Great Wall. The lakes in this area are collectively called "color lakes" with a total area of 57 hectares. The plain area is located in the east of the Lake District, covering an area of 53 hectares. Wanshu Garden in the area has not been built, but only a few yurts have been set up according to Mongolian customs. Emperor Qianlong often called political and religious leaders of ethnic minorities here to have picnics. The western and northern parts of the plain area are mountainous areas, covering an area of 422 hectares, accounting for four-fifths of the total area of the summer resort. Towering mountain peaks are like natural barriers, which block the invasion of the northwest cold wind and are an important factor in regulating the climate of the mountain villa. During the Kanggan period, more than 40 buildings were built in mountainous areas.
There are 12 temples with different architectural styles around the summer resort, which were built by the Qing government at that time by means of religion to unite ethnic minorities in Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet. Eight of them were directly managed by the Qing government, so they were called "Waiba Temple". Temples are divided into Tibetan temples, Chinese temples and Sino-Tibetan temples according to architectural styles. These temples combine the essence of Han, Tibetan and other national architectural arts, and are magnificent and extremely royal.
The summer resort is different from other royal gardens. It inherits and develops the traditional gardening concept of China classical gardens, that is, "the beauty of human beings enters nature, conforms to nature and transcends nature". According to the topography, site selection and overall design, with the help of natural topography, along the mountains and rivers, let nature take its course, and at the same time, it is a brilliant milestone in the history of China gardens, a masterpiece of China classical garden art, and enjoys the reputation of "the epitome of China's geographical features" and "the highest model of China classical gardens".
◎ Reasons for listing in the World Heritage List
The summer resort and its surrounding temples have outstanding universal value and are an important part of the world cultural heritage. The reason for this is the following：
(1) Summer Resort is a garden-style palace in Qing Dynasty, which has rich social, political and historical significance.
The Summer Resort is a Summer Palace built by the Qing Emperor in China for the political purpose of appeasing and uniting ethnic minorities in China's border areas and consolidating national unity. After the summer resort was completed, the Qing emperor spent a lot of time here every year dealing with military and political affairs and meeting with foreign envoys and political and religious leaders of frontier ethnic minorities, making it the second political center of the Qing dynasty in China. A series of important events, important relics and cultural relics here have become the historical witness of the final formation of China's multi-ethnic unified country.
(2) The Summer Resort and its surrounding temples are typical examples of the perfect integration of ancient imperial palaces and royal temples in China.
The Summer Resort and its surrounding temples were born in the last flourishing age of China feudal society-Kanggan flourishing age, which lasted for 89 years after three generations of emperors in Kang Yong. It is the crystallization of the architectural experience of Emperor Fan and the royal temples. It has become a model in the Forbidden City model system of China's two major garden systems, also known as private gardens. Garden construction has realized the perfect combination of "palace" and "garden" in form, and the high unity of "ruling the DPRK and listening to politics" and "traveling and entertaining" in function. Temple architecture has distinct political functions.
(3) The Summer Resort and its surrounding temples mark the great achievements of ancient gardens and architectural art in China.
The Summer Resort and its surrounding temples are the largest existing ancient royal temples in China. This is a creative masterpiece, which combines the ancient garden art and architectural art in China. In gardening, it has inherited and developed the traditional gardening idea of "beauty into nature, conforming to nature and surpassing nature" in China classical gardens, summarized and creatively applied various gardening materials and gardening techniques, making it an outstanding representative of natural landscape gardening and architectural gardening. In architecture, we inherit, develop and creatively use various architectural techniques to extract the essence of China's famous gardens and temples in the north and south, and create them in imitation of the Han Dynasty, expressing the architectural theme of "moving heaven and shrinking land". The Summer Resort and its surrounding temples have realized the integration of ancient China North-South gardening and architectural art in the concrete construction of gardens and temples, single buildings and group buildings, which includes most architectural images of ancient China, such as pavilions and temples. It shows the superb skills of ancient wooden frame architecture in China, and realizes the perfect combination of wooden frame structure and masonry structure, and China architectural form and minority architectural form. In addition, the application of the highest skills in ancient China, such as architectural decoration and Buddhist statues, constitutes a great spectacle in the history of ancient architecture in China.
(4) The Summer Resort and its surrounding temples are the physical materials for the world to understand China culture.
The Summer Resort and the temples around it are not only the simple application of materials and skills, but also the integration of China's classical philosophy, aesthetics, literature and other cultural connotations, making it a microcosm of China's traditional culture.
As mentioned above, such an artistic masterpiece with outstanding universal value in the world can only be passed down forever and better play its world significance if it is included in the world cultural heritage for protection.
Temples in and around chengde mountain resort: Chengde Waiba Temple is a model of classical royal gardens in China and the largest existing royal temple in China.
China will establish a "summer school"