The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is located at the foot of Lishan Mountain to the east of Lintong County, more than 30 kilometers away from Xi'an City. According to historical records: Qin Shihuang Zhao Zheng began building the cemetery when he came to the throne at the age of 13. Prime Minister Li Si presided over the planning and design, and General Zhang Han supervised the construction. The construction took 38 years. The vastness and grandeur of the project created the luxury of all feudal rulers in the past. A precedent for generous burials. Discovered in 1974, the first emperor to unify China died in 210 BC and was buried in the center of the mausoleum. His tomb is surrounded by the famous terracotta figures. Those pottery figurines that are slightly smaller than human figures have different shapes, together with their horses, chariots and weapons, becoming perfect masterpieces of realism. At the same time, they also retain extremely high historical value. South of Qin Shihuang’s mausoleum is surrounded by mountains and forests. It is lush and lush; to the north is the shore of the Wei River, which winds and twists like a silver snake. The tall tomb is surrounded by towering peaks and is integrated with Lishan Mountain. It has beautiful scenery and unique environment. The mausoleum is large in scale and majestic. The total area of ??the cemetery is 56.25 square kilometers (equivalent to the size of 78 Forbidden City). The original height of the seal on the mausoleum was about 115 meters, and it is still 76 meters high. There are two layers of inner and outer city walls in the cemetery. The inner city has a circumference of 3840 meters, and the outer city has a circumference of 6210 meters. There are walls about 8-10 meters high inside and outside the city walls, the ruins of which still remain today. The tomb area is in the south, and the sleeping hall and bed hall complex are in the north. The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is the first emperor's cemetery in Chinese history. Its huge scale and rich burial objects rank first among the imperial mausoleums of all dynasties. In accordance with the principle that Qin Shihuang would continue to enjoy glory and wealth after his death, the cemetery was built after the layout of Xianyang, the capital of the Qin State. It is generally in the shape of a zigzag. There are two layers of inner and outer city walls built around the mausoleum. The inner city wall of the cemetery has a circumference of 3870 meters, and the outer city wall has a circumference of 6210 meters. The large-scale ground-level buildings that have been discovered in the mausoleum area include the dormitory hall, the banquet hall, the Yuan Temple official residence and other ruins. According to historical records, Qin Shihuang’s mausoleum is divided into two parts: the cemetery area and the burial area. The cemetery covers an area of ??nearly 8 square kilometers, with an outer building and an inner city. The enclosure is in the shape of a square cone. The seal of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum forms a three-level staircase, shaped like an overturned bucket, with an approximately square bottom, with a bottom area of ??about 250,000 square meters and a height of 115 meters. However, due to more than two thousand years of wind and rain erosion and man-made destruction, the area at the bottom of the seal is now reduced. It is about 120,000 square meters and has a height of 87 meters (another information: the cemetery was originally 120 meters high, "as tall as a mountain", but was later reduced by more than 40 meters due to weathering erosion and man-made destruction). The total area of ??the entire mausoleum is 56.25 square kilometers. Building materials are shipped from Hubei, Sichuan and other places. In order to prevent the river from washing the tomb, Qin Shihuang also ordered that the north-south water flow be changed to east-west direction. There is a mound in the south of the cemetery, 43 meters high. There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside. The inner city has a circumference of 3890 meters and the outer city has a circumference of 6249 meters, symbolizing the imperial city and palace city respectively. Between the inner city and the outer city, archaeologists discovered horse burial pits, pottery figurine pits, and rare birds and animals pits, as well as human sacrifice pits, stable pits, prison pits, and tombs of the people who repaired the tomb outside the mausoleum. More than 400 tombs have been discovered. The tomb of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum is 55.05 meters high and 2,000 meters in circumference. After investigation, it was found that the entire cemetery covers an area of ??220,000 square meters and contains large-scale palaces and pavilions. The shape of the mausoleum is divided into two parts: inner and outer. The inner city is a square with a circumference of 2525.4 meters, and the outer city has a circumference of 6264 meters. The scale of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum is far beyond that of the Egyptian pyramids. The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is the first royal cemetery in China. Among the nearly 100 imperial tombs in China, it is famous for its grand scale and rich burials. In 1956, the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government announced it as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. In 1961, it was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization designated the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units. It is included in the world cultural heritage protection catalog and has become the common wealth of all mankind. In 2002, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was awarded the national AAAA level tourist attraction. "The king of Qin swept Liuhe, what a majestic sight, and sentenced 700,000 people to the mountains of Lishan." This popular poem came from the pen of the great poet Li Bai. It eulogized the glorious achievements of Qin Shihuang and described the grandeur of the Lishan Tomb project. Indeed, the mausoleum project is unprecedented in its scale, number of workers, and duration. The construction of the cemetery project accompanied Qin Shihuang's political career throughout his life.
When he first ascended the throne of king at the age of 13, the construction of the cemetery began. Qin Shihuang was not the first emperor to build mausoleums during his lifetime. As early as the Warring States Period, it had become a common practice for princes and kings to build tombs during their lifetimes. For example, Zhao Suhou's "Shou Mausoleum was built in the fifteenth year", and the tomb of King Zhongshan in Pingshan County was also built during his lifetime. Qin Shihuang just advanced the time when the monarch built the mausoleum during his lifetime to the early stage of his accession to the throne. This was a slight improvement of Qin Shihuang. The construction of the cemetery took more than 30 years and was not completed until the death of Qin Shihuang. The second emperor succeeded to the throne, and it took more than a year to build the cemetery before it was basically completed. Throughout the cemetery project, it can be divided into three construction stages. The 26 years from King Qin's accession to the throne to the unification of the country was the initial stage of the cemetery project. At this stage, the design of the cemetery project and the construction of the main project were carried out successively, and the scale and basic layout of the cemetery project were initially established. From the unification of the country to the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shi Huang, nine years were considered a period of large-scale construction of the cemetery project. After nine years of large-scale construction by tens of thousands of people, the main body of the cemetery has been basically completed. From the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang to the winter of the second year of Qin II, it lasted more than three years and was the final stage of the project. This stage is mainly engaged in the finishing works and soil covering tasks of the cemetery. Although the mausoleum project took so long, the entire project was still not completed. At that time, a magnificent peasant uprising broke out in history. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's subordinate Zhou Wen led his troops to quickly attack the area near Xinshui, less than a few miles away from the cemetery (near today's Xinfeng Town, Lintong County). Faced with the overwhelming force of the army and the intimidation of Xianyang, the new emperor II, who had not been tempered by wind and rain, panicked and summoned his ministers to discuss countermeasures. He looked devastated and begged the officials to "what can be done". At this time, Zhang Han, the Shaofu's order, suggested: "The thieves have arrived, and we have invaded all frontiers. We can't get close to the county now. There are many disciples in Lishan Mountain. Please pardon them and send troops to attack them." The second generation immediately catered to him and asked Zhang Han to lead him. Xiuling's army fought back against Zhou Wen's rebel army. At this point, the cemetery project, which had not yet been fully completed, had to be suspended. In short, the cemetery project took 37 to 38 years from site selection, design, construction to final suspension. It ranks first in the history of mausoleum construction in my country. Its construction took 8 years longer than the Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt. .