In the process of breeding or raising green-haired turtles, due to different means and management methods, the "hair" of green-haired turtles is different in position and length. So green turtle lovers are named according to different parts of algae attached to turtles. Generally, there are the following varieties:
1. There are algae on the head, four legs, carapace and abdominal shell of the turtle won by Wuzi.
2. There are algae in the carapace and carapace of soft-shelled turtle.
3. There are algae bread worms on the carapace of Scorpio turtle.
4. There are algae on the front or back feet of the double-tasselled turtle.
5. One foot of the single-tasseled turtle has algae.
6. The peony head has algae only on the top of the turtle.
Among the varieties of green turtles, Mudantou and Wuzi are the most valuable names, and the rest are common varieties. The characteristics of green turtle species are very unstable and sometimes change. Due to improper management, diseases and other factors, the growth of algae will be affected, such as peony head and peel falling off, green algae falling off, and the changes of single tassel and double tassel will be even greater. In addition, when evaluating green turtles, we should also consider the species, size and color of green algae. Usually, four-eyed turtles and flat-breasted turtles are the most valuable, and algae are the best. The turtle body size is 30-100g.
Breeding of green turtles
First, the choice of turtle species
It is best to choose yellow-throated water turtle, four-eyed stone turtle, chick turtle and three-line closed turtle for breeding green turtles. The selected female should be strong, disease-free and injury-free, with complete carapace, quick action and beautiful appearance. The size of each individual should be 100 ~ 200 g, the inoculation success rate is high, and it is small and exquisite, very beautiful.
Second, the treatment of tortoise shells
In order to facilitate the colonization of algae on tortoise shells, tortoise shells should be treated before inoculation. The treatment method is to put the cultured soft-shelled turtle into a container such as a washbasin filled with clear water, clean the whole body of the soft-shelled turtle, especially the turtle back, then scrape the turtle back properly with a wire brush, and then wipe it clean with a dry cotton cloth. Finally, rub fresh ginger on the surface of the turtle several times, leaving a certain amount of ginger juice on the turtle shell, and then put it into a dry container to dry the ginger juice on the turtle surface to stimulate the turtle shell to secrete mucus as algae.
Thirdly, identification of inoculated algae.
There are many kinds of green algae used to cultivate green turtles, but the most suitable one is Cladosporium, which is mostly found in warm waters and has strong colonization ability, and is mostly distributed on rocks in fast-flowing mountains and streams. The identification method of this algae is to look, touch, pull three times and burn four times, that is, to look at the color, preferably dark green, filamentous, unbranched and thick. It is better to feel slightly rough, soft and greasy by hand; Pulling algae by hand can keep the body straight, with a certain tension, and it is better to pull it off without brittleness; It is better to roll up seaweed with a torch, except for the smell of green trees and burnt hair. After the algae seeds are collected, they should be cleaned in time, preferably in a ceramic bowl and in a place with natural light intensity, and the water should be changed every 3 to 5 days for inoculation.
Four. Inoculate green turtles
As Cladosporium is an aquatic plant, its growth and reproduction are closely related to the water temperature, so the inoculation time should be selected in its breeding season, generally in spring and autumn. Spring is the best, because March-May is the peak of its reproduction every year, and because of the different climatic conditions in different places, the water temperature should be taken as the basic parameter, and the season when the water temperature is 16 ~ 25℃ is the most suitable for inoculation. When the water temperature is lower than 16℃, algae cells are not easy to reproduce, and when the water temperature is higher than 25℃, algae cells are easy to rot and die.
Inoculation method:
1. Natural propagation inoculation method: Take about 30g of clean algae seeds, put the treated turtle shell together with the algae seeds into a container such as a water tank, add clean culture water, adjust the PH value to 7.5-6.5, and move the culture container to a place with strong scattered light, so that the sporozoites of the algae can be naturally released and grow on the turtle shell. Generally, the turtle's back will be full in about 30 days.
2. Artificial inoculation method: cut the algae seeds with scissors, mash them with wooden sticks, wrap the infected algae with gauze, and screw out the green juice spore solution. Spore solution contains a large number of spores. Add 0.5 ml of VB 1 solution and 0.5 ml of VB 12 1 ml to each kilogram of spore solution, add a culture solution containing a proper amount of nutrients, put it into a culture container, and then put it into the treated turtle. This method usually takes 25 ~ 30 days, and green hair will appear on the turtle's body surface, indicating that the inoculation has been successful.
3. Inoculation method of culture medium:
Preparation of (1) culture medium: accurately weigh peeled potato 15g, 20g starch and 5g sugar, mix them evenly, put them in a beaker, add water to 500ml, boil them with fire for 20min, filter the filtrate, add 16g agar, heat and melt, and cool to obtain the culture medium for inoculating Cladosporium.
(2) Preparation of spore solution: 500g of algae seeds were cultured in a basin of clear water, and the water turned dark green after about 10, and the culture water temperature was kept at 20 ~ 24℃. Calculate the concentration of spores in the culture solution with a blood cell counting plate under a microscope. When the spore concentration is more than 65438 000/ml, filter the culture solution, and then put the filtered culture solution into a centrifuge for centrifugation.
(3) Inoculation: heating and melting the culture medium, slightly cooling, dipping the culture medium with a brush, and smearing it on the dried turtle back to make it thin and uniform; when the culture medium on the turtle back is not completely cooled, dipping the spore concentrated solution with a clean brush, and evenly smearing it on the culture medium on the turtle back, and drying, and placing the turtle seeds in a transparent glass container filled with clear water, in a place with strong scattered light, or using 20-40W.
4. Precautions for vaccination
(1) The size of the container used for inoculation should be appropriate. It is more suitable to inoculate 100g turtle species in a glass jar, with one turtle in one container. The turtle's back should be immersed in water for 2 ~ 3 cm, and the bottle mouth should be wrapped tightly with thin mesh cloth to prevent the turtle from climbing out of the bottle.
(2) You can't change water to feed during inoculation. Because changing water will change spores, the inoculation density of spores is not enough, and turtles will excrete feces after feeding, which will lead to the rot and deterioration of basidiomycete spores.
(3) Keep quiet: The place where the soft-shelled turtle is inoculated should be as quiet as possible to keep the soft-shelled turtle dormant, which is helpful for the colonization of Cladosporium on the turtle shell.
V. Breeding of Green Turtles
Take out a green turtle with a green back from the jar, put it in a goldfish bowl and start raising it carefully 1 month. The water temperature shall be controlled at 26 ~ 28℃, and the maximum temperature shall not exceed 34℃. The water quality should be fresh and oxygen-enriched, and the water should be changed in time. Generally, the water temperature is about 20℃ once every four days and the water temperature is about 26℃ once every two days. When changing water, the temperature difference before and after shall not exceed 5℃. Feed before changing the water, and then change the water after eating. The bait should be fresh, mainly small fish, shrimp, clam meat, lean meat, rice and so on. Feeding every 5 ~ 7 days, and the feeding amount is 3% ~ 5% of the turtle's weight each time. Animal and plant bait should be properly matched, and the ratio should be 7∶3. In the process of feeding green turtles, necessary nutrients should be supplemented frequently to ensure the nutrition of basidiomycetes. The formula of nutrient salt is calcium nitrate 0.4g, potassium nitrate 0. 1g, magnesium sulfate 0. 1g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0g, 1% iron oxide 2 drops.
Six, the green hair grooming and pruning of green turtles
The green hair of the green turtle should be combed and trimmed frequently after birth. The newly inoculated green turtle has short green hair and different lengths, which can't be combed in a short time. When combing, the green turtle can be taken out, put into a porcelain basin filled with clear water, and cleaned with a small brush or brush. When the green hair grows to more than 5cm, it can be gently combed from beginning to end with a small wooden comb in the water. When combing, the action should be light to avoid breaking and tearing the green hair, and at the same time, appropriate pruning should be carried out to keep the green hair neat and increase the aesthetic feeling.
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