In reality, the bridge, as a building with the most extensive sociality, is the embodiment of the development level of various social factors such as politics, economy, science and technology in a region, and also a symbol of a regional cultural symbol.
Wujiang, located at the southernmost tip of Jiangsu Province, is also known as Perch Township. Its story originated from Zhang Jiying's longing for his hometown's water shield and perch because of the autumn wind in the Western Jin Dynasty, so he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown, which was passed down as a much-told story by later generations. The total area of Wujiang is 126.8 square kilometers (including 84.2 square kilometers of Taihu Lake), of which the water area is 351.27 square kilometers, accounting for 27.86% of the total area. Since ancient times, there have been many bridges and masterpieces in the hometown of Perch. The ancient bridges on the land of Perch Township once dominated each other for hundreds of years, and then some collapsed into rivers and lakes, some were buried in the deep soil, some were only preserved in people's memory, some were only recorded in historical records, and some were fortunately preserved to this day. In recent years, with the vigorous promotion of urbanization, some modern new bridges have sprung up on river ports. After investigation, several main forms of bridges, such as beam bridge, arch bridge, suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge, are available in Wujiang. Ancient craftsmen and modern scientific and technological workers, with their intelligence, superb skills and bold innovation, have written a brilliant chapter for the bridge development in Wujiang, a water town.
It is worth mentioning that the ancient bridge in Wujiang has a distinctive local characteristics and artistic style, and has formed a unique bridge culture because it has been integrated into the folk customs of Jiangnan and Wudi, especially Wujiang. It is embodied in bridge carving, bridge pavilion, bridge name, bridge connection, bridge poem, bridge painting, bridge dictionary, bridge text and so on.
1. Bridge Sculpture
Stone arch bridges, which are mainly functional, are often carved with exquisite decorations with ornamental value and cultural connotation, such as water-absorbing animals, dragon heads, pearl dragons, carp jumping over the dragon gate, reincarnation, lotus, lotus, instant good news, eight immortals, wishful thinking, five bats holding longevity, three-level leveling, taiji diagram, etc. The artistic content and style involve. Art is born of bridges, and bridges live of art. Just like the Fuguan Bridge in Lijiang, it was built in the 13th year from Yuan Dynasty to Zhengzheng (1353). It was originally named Qingrong Bridge, and was rebuilt in Chenghua (1466). In the 5th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1666), a villager named Shen Jingyu raised funds to build Fuguan Bridge. In the middle of the arch of the bridge, there is a relief picture of "Carp Jumping at the Dragon Gate", which is simple and simple. There are two legends about this bridge: the early legend, the mythical story of "fish dragon" and the water season of "peach blossom rain" in March. A carp struggled to jump off the earth, and didn't want a girl as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade to walk on the bridge. The carp moved, and in an instant, the carp settled on the bridge, and the head of the carp that jumped over the dragon gate turned into a faucet. The lower part of the carp that didn't cross the dragon gate was still the carp's body, and it could never get up to the sky or get down to the water. By the mid-Qing Dynasty, there was another legend: when a scholar walked across the Fuguan Bridge, carp could jump over the dragon gate and bring good luck.
2. Bridge Pavilion
? Bridge culture and art are also manifested in the integrated architectural style of buildings, pavilions, halls and bridges. The buildings and pavilions are overhanging, and the pavilions and terraces stand upright, and they are placed in the scenic spots of Linquan, which highlights the interest of bridge and landscape integration.
? Heting Bridge, also known as Santing Bridge, located in Tongli meditation garden, is a Soviet-style classical covered bridge, which divides the lake in the garden into two parts, one is Jinghu Lake and the other is Xiaopangshan Lake. There are three pavilions on the bridge, one high and two low, like cranes flying with wings. This bridge is like Wuting Bridge in Yangzhou. I visited the bridge in the spring of 28 and wrote a poem: "The waterside pavilion is a few steps away, and the smoke and stone are very enchanting. The gazebo surprised Nanke Dream and was suspected to be the Yingyue Bridge in Yangzhou. "
? Xiao Chuihong, located in meditation garden, is an extremely rare covered bridge in Wujiang. The bridge is like a "small flying rainbow" in the Humble Administrator's Garden in architectural form, but it has different meanings. It is the owner's recollection of the hanging rainbow bridge in Songling, and the "small hanging rainbow" was built to express his nostalgia for the past. On the slightly raised three-span plate beam, there are vermilion columns and a corridor, which are simple in shape and elegant in color. The vermilion bridge fence is reflected in the water, and the water waves are sparkling, just like flying rainbow.
? The bridge with bridge pavilion in Wujiang still has Fengxian Bridge in Tongluo, which is located in Tongluo Xiting Village. It was first built without examination, and it was rebuilt in 1923. On both sides of the bridge, there is a pavilion at the top of the mountain, which is generous and square. The south pavilion is named Liuxian Pavilion, and the book is engraved with couplets: "Turn the sun into the sky, be a little safe and calm; It's better to live in a hurricane and rain. " The North Pavilion is named Qifeng Pavilion, and the book is engraved with two couplets. "Draw a bridge to attract a new phoenix, and a small seat to scatter immortals." It is one of them, and the last word is embedded in the bridge name "Feng Xian". Unfortunately, this bridge was collapsed in 1985, and the cement bridge was rebuilt.
3. Name of the bridge
? Most modern bridges in Wujiang are named after the exact positions of regions, river ponds and district streets. Such as: Lanxi Bridge in Shengze, Jiangling Bridge in Songling, Canal Bridge in Development Zone, Qiantang Bridge in Zhenze, etc. Of course, there are also poetic ones, such as Yingyue Bridge and Yanyu Bridge in Rudong Taihu Ecological Park. Ancient bridges are different, always carrying rich cultural information and literary charm. For example, Yuji Bridge is built in memory of Dayu, who managed floods, and Sifan Bridge is said to be built in memory of Fan Li, a doctor of the State of Yue. In addition, Tai 'an, Zhongyuan, Zhonghe, Liren, Zhongde, Lianyun, Taiping, Honghong, Yongning ... either contain good wishes, or entrust pious thoughts, or depict beautiful scenery, or contain deep philosophy. Chewing it is like entering a cultural palace.
4. Bridging
? The beauty of the bridge lies in the bridge body and the bridge culture. Couplets, also known as couplets or couplets, are neat and even, which is a unique artistic form of Chinese language with one word and one sound, and a treasure of China traditional culture. Couplets are applied to bridges to make them poetic and have a unique charm.
? There is a Pu 'an Bridge in Tongli, which is called Xiaodongxi Bridge. In modern times, there were the Yixue in the Ming Dynasty, the Tongchuan Academy in the late Qing Dynasty, and the Lize Girls' School, which opened a new modern school. Influenced by the style of writing, the villagers nicknamed this bridge "Reading Bridge." There are two pairs of couplets on the bridge. One of them says, "A moonlight contains rules and shadows, and books on both sides of the strait pick up songs." Elegant gas, blowing on my face.
? There is a veteran bridge-Jiatai Bridge in Zeguo-Luxu of Fenhu Lake, which was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the 23rd year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1487), and now it is rebuilt in the 17th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1891). The arch has a single hole, and the words "Jiatai" are written on the horizontal lines on both sides of the vault. On the south side of the bridge, a pair of couplets is engraved, saying, "The rainbow waist is surrounded by water in the south and the city is connected in the south, and the geese's teeth are arranged in the clouds and the villages in the north." Explain the function of the bridge.
Shengze Bailong Bridge Bridge Union can be called the endorsement and declaration of Silk Capital: "The wind sends the sound of thousands of machines, and it's easy to be proud of it; Turn over the waves in thousands of feet, so that you can think more about the source from drinking water. "
Meiqiao Midland is the first to promote the Qidu Twin Towers Bridge, which is known as "Wuzhong's No.1 Jinliang". It is located at the Jiwuyangkou of Lijiagang Village and has three arches. The bridge was first built in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and the two towns are surrounded by stone pagodas, hence the name Shuangta Bridge. It was rebuilt in the 27th year of Guangxu (191), and there is a "Fubi Temple" beside the bridge. On the north and south sides of the bridge, there are two couplets, one big and one small:
"Stay away from Mount Moli, and don't let the scenery get better; Listen to fishing songs when you are near the shore. " (Moli Peak, the main peak of Dongting Dongshan. ）
? "Only on the field, farming and mulberry are prosperous; Lively and splashing, Lan Ruo Wan Central. " (Lan Ruo, Buddhist temple. )
Taohua Bridge, located in Xinqiao Village, Taoyuan Town, was first built without examination. It was rebuilt in the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929) and has three beams. Bridge connection is "running water is sentimental, who is to blame?" There are no words, and there are customers interested. " "The land is connected to the lakeside and you are in a secluded paradise." People naturally think of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden.
5. Bridge Poems
? Poets of past dynasties wrote poems on the bridge, giving rich and colorful emotional connotations to the bridge in Perch Township, or poetic and picturesque, or lyrical, or daydreaming, or praising the bridge, or deepening legends, or anecdotes of people. It has left a lot of beautiful and touching poems to the world, which makes the culture of Perch Township Bridge more profound. Mr. Wu Guoliang, a native of Yi, collected 11 poems in the book "Ancient Bridge in Wujiang", which is only an anthology, not all of them. In history, there were more than 1 celebrities and people passing by just one hanging Hongqiao, leaving behind poems. Su Shunqin, a poet in the Song Dynasty, was the first person to praise the rainbow. Zhang Xian's "The south of the bridge rises and the rainbow hangs" is the source of the name of the hanging bridge. "The moon is as clear as day, and the rainbow sits after dusk. The wind is fine and the waves are light, and the clouds are high and wild. The empty pavilion is refreshing and boundless. I recall the cold and the deep, and the sky is at night. " This poem "Bodhisattva Man. Walking on the Moon with a Bow" by Chen Qi, a Qing Dynasty, can be said to have written off the beautiful night view of the Hongqiao Bridge.
"Wu Gen is getting closer and closer, and he is full of fishing songs. This place may meet Yellowstone, and the future is everywhere. The two roads lead to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the clear stream of nine songs reflects the sun. Driving a boat for a few miles, Mao Gongzu's house enjoys poetry. " This is the poem "Jiuli Bridge" written by Mr. Chen Zhiqiang for the newly-added Suzhou cultural relics protection unit in Wujiang District in recent years.
6. Bridge painting
? Mi Fei, a great painter of the Song Dynasty, mentioned the Hung Hongqiao in his Shu Su Tie, which was handed down from generation to generation. It is famous for going to the bridge, commonly known as the Long Bridge. Founded in the eighth year of Song Qingli (148), it was a stone pier wooden bridge, and later it was changed into a multi-arch stone bridge, which has the reputation of "the longest bridge in the south of the Yangtze River". In the past dynasties, there have been bridge paintings such as Sleeping on the Long Bridge in the Southern Song Dynasty, Twilight with a Bow in Shen Zhou in the Ming Dynasty, Pavilion with a Bow in the Rainbow by Wen Jia, and Poetic Picture with a Bow in the White Stone by Hu Zhen in the Qing Dynasty. According to legend, the long bridge in Wang Ximeng's "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" in the Northern Song Dynasty was also born out of the hanging Hongqiao at that time.
? Today, Mr. Zhang Xinti, a native of the city, also loves to paint bridges. Watercolors such as Dawn and Years Like Water have come out, and Mr. Xie Jian, a pyrograph artist in Lili, has won national awards for his pyrograph works such as Tangxi Canal Bridge-Guangji Bridge.
7. Qiaodian
? "Bridge Canon" is an allusion to bridges, that is, folk stories about bridges handed down from generation to generation. The construction of Wujiang ancient bridge inherits the simple folk custom of advocating public welfare of the Chinese nation. "Building a bridge and building a road" is a good deed for the benefit of people and a merit for helping the world and crossing people. Wujiang has been rich since ancient times, and has a good heart. He built bridges and was good at mulberry. Bridge because of wealth, bridge because of wealth; Benevolence for the rich, righteousness for the bridge; Bridges are rich and rich, and bridges are righteous. Every ancient bridge in Wujiang is built by both silver and benevolence. It is not only a declaration of wealth, but also a list of benevolence, kindness and goodness. This is the first information stored and conveyed by Wujiang ancient bridge. According to legend, a long time ago, there was a family named Xie in Tongli town, which was a scholarly family for generations and its owner was Xie Jiang. One year, Xie Jiang's son, Xie Jingchu, came back from Beijing to catch the exam. He was ill and couldn't afford to be treated by many famous doctors, but he didn't get better. One day, a monk passed by and sighed, "What a pity!" Xie's family felt suspicious, so they invited him into the house and asked what happened. The monk said, "The benefactor's family has been doing well for many years, but recently it has encountered something difficult to solve, but there is no need to worry. Just do more good deeds and it will be resolved." Then he went out and left. The next day, Xie Jiang went to the nearby street for fun, walked across the Geely Bridge, stepped onto the Taiping Bridge, and then walked on, suddenly feeling that something was missing here. Think about it carefully. By the way, wouldn't it be more convenient for the people to build another bridge to the east of Taiping Bridge? So he came home and told his family what he thought. Everyone agreed, so he immediately invested in buying stone, invited masons and built a stone arch bridge called "Xiejia Bridge". After the bridge was completed, Xie Jingchu recovered from his illness, and there was good news from Beijing that he had been admitted to Jinshi. Later, Xiejiaqiao got the name of Changqing Bridge. Because it is close to Taiping Bridge and Geely Bridge, it is collectively called "Three Bridges". Also, because of its auspicious name, young and middle-aged people get married. On the 6th birthday of the old man and the full moon of the child, they have to walk the "Three Bridges" once, which became a custom for a while.
8. Qiaowen
? Bridges exist because of literature, but also because of literature. "The Story of the Bridge" is the first in bridge writing, which is a reliable record of the need and process of bridge building and the best information for bridge repair. In the local chronicles of Wujiang towns, this kind of literature is very rich. Almost all bridges have bridge notes written by famous people, which are handed down to later generations; Some are still engraved on stone tablets. After the vicissitudes of life, when we reread those bridges, we can see the ancient customs, brilliant literary mind, world vision and philosophy of life of our predecessors. For example, although there are only a few holes left in the famous Hongqiao Bridge in Wujiang history, there are many stories that have spread all over the world, such as Li Wangqiao, Yuan Yuanjue, Ming Meilun, Ming Qianpu, Qing Feng Guifen, Ding Zuyin and Jin Zuze.
? The above eight aspects are only a glimpse of the leopard in the tube. In fact, the cultural connotation of the bridge in the hometown is very profound and rich. With the endless combination of technology and art, the cultural connotation of the modern bridge has been formed. For example, the bridge photography works created by modern people, and a large number of new bridge technologies, theories and ideas have been applied in Wujiang's urban construction in recent years. The modern bridge spans farther and is more magnificent than before, which not only broadens Wujiang people's horizons but also strengthens Wujiang people's verve.
? It can be said that a successful bridge is also a bridge of art, a bridge of culture and a spiritual bridge that will always inspire people to move forward. Perch country is beautiful because of the bridge, and the bridge is closer because of perch country.
references
1. Aesthetics of Bridge Architecture edited by Sheng Hongfei People's Communications Publishing House, 2nd edition, January, 29
2. Wujiang Ancient Bridge, Wu Guoliang? Guwuxuan Publishing House, 1st edition, September 22
3. Tongli Town Records, Guangling Bookstore, 1st edition, December 27
4. Zhenze Town Records
5. Songling Town Records
6. Taoyuan Town Records
7. Qidu Town Records <