Why did the communication and collision between the East and the West manifest themselves at the church level during the Kanggan period?

Author: During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Jin Manlou, in order to clarify the "etiquette dispute" related to the Holy See, the French missionary Ai Joser was entrusted by Emperor Kangxi to go to Rome again, and at that time, Fan Shouyi, a priest from China, was ordered to accompany him. Fan Shouyi, born in Pingyang, Shanxi Province in 1682, was 25 years old when he and Ai Ruose went to Europe in 177 (the forty-sixth year of Kangxi). After that, they set sail from Macau, passed through Southeast Asian countries, crossed the Indian Ocean and arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, where they were summoned by King Joao V of Portugal. After staying in Lisbon for several months, Ai Joseph and Fan Shouyi went to Italy via the Strait of Gibraltar. In the spring of 179, they arrived in Rome to meet Pope Kemian XI. In the process, Ai Ruose and Fan Shouyi presented Emperor Kangxi's will on Doro's coming to China, Chinese etiquette and western educational affairs to the Pope. After that, Fan Shouyi stayed in Italy for 9 years, studied in Turin and Rome, and traveled all over Italy. In 1718, after receiving the calligraphy written by Emperor Kangxi, the Pope summoned Ai Ruose and Fan Shouyi and sent them back to China, saying that "another envoy will be sent to tell Emperor China one by one". Later, Fan Shouyi returned to the east with Ai Ruose, and was received by the king again when passing through Portugal on the way, and was given a hundred taels of gold. Unfortunately, Aroser died on his way to India through the Cape of Good Hope. At that time, a sailor proposed to bury his body at sea according to tradition, but this move was resolutely opposed by Fan Shouyi. After that, Fan Shouyi escorted the teacher's body all the way back to China to receive the Christian funeral on the holy land. On June 13th of that year, Fan Shouyi arrived in Guangzhou, and on September 11th, he was summoned to Jehol to report relevant matters to Emperor Kangxi. During Fan Shouyi's report in Beijing, Fu Shengze, the French missionary mentioned above, was allowed to return to Europe. Afterwards, Fan Shouyi wrote "Personal Record", which described this experience of going to Europe. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1735), Fan Shouyi died at the age of 53. Coincidentally, Fa Xian, the earliest monk in the Tang Dynasty who went to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures, was also from Pingyang, Shanxi Province. The latter wrote "The Story of Buddha Country", which can be described as a contrast with Fan Shouyi's "Seeing the Body" and has special historical significance. After loving Yue Se and Fan Shouyi, French missionary Bu Risheng also led two young Beijingers, Yang Dewang, Gao Lisi and a young man named Chen, to Europe in 1751 (during the Qianlong period). Previously, under the guidance of Michel Benoist, a French Jesuit, Yang and Gao had studied Latin and Christianity for four years. In July 1752, after a year's journey, the group arrived in France and began a systematic study. During this period, they studied French for three years, then entered a primary school founded by the Jesuits, and after the completion of their studies, they entered the theological seminary founded by the Paris Embassy for further study. In 1763, both Yang Dewang and Gao Leisi, who graduated from college, were consecrated priests. When Yang Dewang and Gao Lisi were studying in Paris, there were an endless stream of visitors, most of whom were discussing the China issue. For example, French sinologists De Jing and Autre have discussed this kind of problem with them. In addition, Durge, a representative of the French physiocracy school, was also in close contact with them. When they were about to return to China, Durge asked them 52 specific questions and asked them to answer them after investigation and study. These 52 questions can be roughly divided into four categories: first, 3 articles on wealth, land distribution, farming and other issues; The second is the ***15 articles on technologies such as papermaking, printing, fabrics, etc. Third, there are four questions about natural history, such as geology, clay, paper, ink and tea. Fourth, there are three articles on historical issues. In addition, Durge specially presented them with a number of books, including the French biologist Buffon's Natural History and other scientific masterpieces. In addition, Bertain, the French cabinet minister, also sent a 22-page letter to Gauss and Yang Dewang, hoping that they could provide the following information about China: first, public law, including history, religion and politics; second, private law, mainly about China's law and society; The third is about various manufacturing processes and technologies. For comparison, Bertain attached three materials to them, respectively, to introduce European views on these issues. In January, 1765, Gao Lisi and Yang Dewang set off for home, and left for France to give gifts such as binoculars and microscopes and some travel expenses. In January of the following year, Gao and Yang arrived in Beijing. For the above questions, Gao Lisi and Yang Dewang sent many letters and objects one after another, while Durge published their replies with the titles "Questions about China to Two China People" and "Investigation on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth", which became important works of the French physiocratic school. It is worth mentioning that in Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations", many viewpoints come from Durge and the physiocratic school, and in an indirect sense, this also includes the contributions of Gao Leisi and Yang Dewang.