Liu Bang is generous and doesn't like reading very much, but he is tolerant of people. He didn't like working in the fields either, so he was often reprimanded as a "rogue" by his father, saying that he was not as good as his brother, but Liu Bang still went his own way. When Liu Bang grew up, he passed the examination and became the director of the pavilion in Surabaya (the director of the pavilion is a small official within ten miles). After a long time, he became familiar with the officials in the county and became famous locally. Liu Bang had a big heart. On the way to Xianyang, he met Qin Shihuang's brigade on patrol. From a distance, Qin Shihuang was sitting in a beautifully decorated car, and he was so envious that he blurted out: "A gentleman should be like this!"
In the future, after the unification of the world, Liu Bang joked with Taigong about this matter: "Who do you think, Liu Zhong (Liu Bang's brother) and me, created a great inheritance?" "Historical Records of the Emperor Gaozu's Biography" contains: "Emperor Gaozu sent his disciples to Li Mountain with Tingchang as the county, but many people died. From the degree to the death, to Fengxize, stop drinking, and the night is the solution to the disciples. Say,' When all the gentlemen go, I will die!' There are more than ten brave men who are willing to follow. Gaozu was drunk, and the night trail was in the middle, making one person go ahead. Before the trip, he reported,' There is a big snake in front of you, and I am willing to return it.' Gaozu was drunk and said,' A strong man can travel, He Wei!' Naiqian drew his sword and struck the snake. The snake then divided into two parts and opened. A few miles, drunk, lying down. Later generations came to the snake house, and an old woman cried at night. When people asked why they were crying, they said,' People killed my son, so they cried.' The man said,' What does a man want to kill?' Yu said,' My son, Bai Di's son, has turned into a snake, and now he is beheaded by Chi Di, so he cries.' People are insincere because of their feelings, and they want to tell them, but they suddenly disappear because of their feelings. Later generations, Gao Zujue. Later generations appealed to Gaozu, who was happy and conceited. Followers are increasingly afraid of it. "
" Emperor Qin Shihuang often said,' There is a heavenly spirit in the southeast', so he was tired of traveling to the east. Gaozu doubted himself and disappeared, hiding between Mang and Dangshan Ze rocks. Lv Hou always gets what he wants from others. The high-impedance monster asked. Lv Hou said,' there are always clouds in the place where the seasons live, so we get the seasons from usual.' High-impedance is happy. Peizhong's children may smell it, but they want to be attached. "In 29 BC, the peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the rebels to capture Chen (Huaiyang, Henan Province), Chen Sheng established the" Zhang Chu "regime, which openly opposed the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the county magistrate of Peixian county also wanted to respond to continue to master the regime of Peixian county. Xiao He and Cao Can were the main officials of the county magistrate at that time, and they advised the county magistrate to call back the people in exile in the county, which could increase the strength and prevent future troubles. The magistrate felt justified, so he asked Fan Kuai, Liu Bang's best friend, to get Liu Bang back, and Liu Bang took people back. The county magistrate here regretted it again, fearing that Liu Bang's return would be out of control, or he might be killed by Liu Bang, which would be tantamount to inviting the wolf into the room. So, he ordered the city gate to be closed, and he was ready to capture Xiao He and Cao Can. When Xiao He and Cao Can heard the news, they quickly fled to the outside of the city. Liu Bang shot the letter into the city, encouraging the people in the city to rise up and kill the reneging county magistrate, so that everyone could defend their hometown together. The people were very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who didn't take care of them at ordinary times. After killing the county magistrate, they opened the gate to welcome Liu Bang, and elected him Pei Gong to lead the uprising. Liu Bang obeyed public opinion, set up an altar, claimed to be the son of Chi Di, and led the people to raise the anti-Qin banner. This year is September of the first year of Qin Ershi, and Liu Bang is 48 years old. There was also a powerful force in the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, that is, Xiang Yu and his uncle Xiang Liang, descendants of the original Chu nobles, who started their troops in Wuzhong (Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and soon reached nearly 1, troops. After the death of Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu decided to go west to Guanzhong with Liu Bang.
At the beginning, Liu Bang didn't go well either, but after several battles, Liu Bang moved westward step by step, and finally arrived in Enemy at the Gates, near the east of Xianyang, in Bashang (east of Xi 'an). Seeing that the tide was running out, Zi Ying, king of Qin, had to surrender the city and hand over the imperial seal to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty was doomed. This happened in 26 BC. Liu Bang proudly entered Xianyang City, claiming to be the "King of Guanzhong". Looking at the magnificent palace, Liu Bang was a little nostalgic and ready to stay and enjoy it. Fan Kuai advised him to pay attention to the fact that the world has not been settled, and don't forget the lessons of Qin. Liu bang didn't listen at all, until Zhang Liang personally persuaded him, and he realized the seriousness of the problem. Therefore, Liu Bang retreated his troops to Ba Shang.
After Liu Bang arrived in Ba Shang, he called local celebrities and made a pact with them in three chapters: the murderer died, the injured and the thief made amends. Other harsh legal systems of the Qin dynasty were abolished, which made him supported by the people.
after defeating Zhang Han and forcing him to surrender, Xiang Yu also led his troops straight to Guanzhong. Fan Zeng advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of Liu Bang, the opponent, and Xiang Yu ordered preparations to attack the next day. At this time, Liu Bang could not compete with the powerful Xiang Yu in terms of strength. He had only 1, troops and could not defeat Xiang Yu's 4, soldiers. Finally, Xiang Bo, Xiang Yu's uncle, "saved" Liu Bang: Xiang Bo and Zhang Liang, Liu Bang's counselor, were very close. Seeing that Xiang Yu was going to attack, they sneaked into the camp overnight to find Zhang Liang and told him to leave quickly to avoid being killed. Zhang Liang said that he could not leave Liu Bang, so he revealed the news to Liu Bang. In a panic, Liu Bang quickly asked Zhang Liang for a plan. Zhang Liang asked Liu Bang to go to see Xiang Bo, indicating that he had no ambition to compete with Xiang Yu for the throne.
Liu Bang made an appointment to Xiang Bo according to the plan, indicating that he had no ambition to be king, and made an appointment with his children in Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo returned to the military camp that night. He said to Xiang Yu, "Because Pei Gong entered the Guanzhong first and cleared the obstacles for us to enter the customs, we can successfully pass the Hangu Pass. Pei Gong is a person who has made contributions. We should not doubt him and treat him sincerely." Hearing this, Xiang Yu decided not to attack Liu Bang.
The next day, Liu Bang came to Xiang Yu's barracks, taking only Fan Kuai, Zhang Liang and 1 elite Qinbing. When you arrive at Xiang Yu's big tent, apologize to Xiang Yu who greeted him. Xiang Yu invited Liu Bang in for dinner. Xiang Yu's father, Fan Zeng, always advocated killing Liu Bang. At the banquet, he repeatedly signaled Xiang Yu to start, but Xiang Yu hesitated and silently refused. Fan Zengzhao invited Xiang Zhuang to dance sword for the feast, and took the opportunity to kill Liu Bang. In order to protect Liu Bang, Xiang Bo also danced with his sword and covered Liu Bang, but without success. This is the origin of the idiom "Xiang Zhuang dances with a sword, which is intended to be Pei Gong". Later, Liu bang left for an excuse and returned to the camp.
after the hongmen banquet, Xiang Yu led his troops to the west, enfeoffment of generals from all walks of life as kings, and Liu Bang as Hanwang. His territory was forty-one counties in Ba, Shu and Hanzhong, and his capital was Nanzheng (Nanzheng, Shaanxi). Xiang Yu himself called the overlord of the place of Chu, and held the supreme commander-in-chief of the army. Chu Huaiwang Xiong Xin was honored as the righteous emperor. In May, Liu Bang arrived in Xingyang, defeated Chu's pursuers, stopped breathing, stabilized his position, reorganized his army, and relied on Guanzhong base and favorable terrain to fight against Xiang Yu for a long time. In June, Liu Bang sent troops to attack the abandoned hill and forced Zhang Han to commit suicide, which relieved his worries. Send someone to persuade Qing Bu to oppose Chu and contact Peng Yue to disturb Chu's rear; Send Han Xin to open up the northern battlefield, attack Wei Wangbao, destroy the generation, destroy Zhao and kill Chen Yu. In the winter of three years, Xiang Yu launched a counterattack and besieged Xingyang. The situation was very critical. Liu Bang used Chen Ping's double agent to make Xiang Yu doubt Fan Zeng, and forced Fan Zeng to return home in anger. Liu bang also sent Ji Xin to pretend to be himself and go to the Chu army to make a false surrender and seize the opportunity to escape from Xingyang. Xiang Yu stepped up his siege of Xingyang and seized Chenggao.
in order to relieve the pressure of Chu army on Xingyang, Liu bang led his troops through Wuguan, Wan (now Nanyang, Henan) and Ye (now south of Yexian) to lure Xiang Yu south. In order to cooperate with the Han army, Han Xin also led the army to the north bank of the Yellow River to support Xingyang. Peng Yue is attacking Xiapi (now south of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province). Xiang Yu was forced to lead the army to rescue, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to recover Cheng Gao. In June, Xiang Yu pulled out Xingyang with a fierce offensive, and then captured Chenggao.
while Liu bang ordered the Han army to hold fast in Gongxian to stop the Chu army from advancing, he also ordered Han Xin to form a new army to attack Qi, and sent people into the hinterland of Chu to help Peng Yue attack Luoyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan) and Waihuang, forcing Xiang Yu to rescue again. In October of four years, Liu Bangyong once again recovered Chenggao.
After defeating Peng Yue, Xiang Yu failed to find the main force of the Han army to fight a decisive battle, and stationed troops in Guangwu (now Xingyang North) to confront Liu Bang. Soon, Han Xin annihilated the Qi-Chu allied forces in the battle of Weishui, completed the strategic detour to the Chu flank, and sent Guan Ying to lead an army to Pengcheng. Xiang Yu was attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, and the soldiers were exhausted. So he made an alliance with Han, dividing the world into two parts, Chu in the east and Han in the west. In September, Xiang Yu led his troops east.
After Chu and Han made an alliance, Liu Bangben wanted to withdraw his troops. At the reminder of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, he ordered to pursue the Chu army with all his might. In October of five years, the two armies fought in Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang), and Xiang Yu won a small victory. Liu Bang won over Han Xin, Peng Yue, Qing Bu, etc. by raising a reward, and the Chu army was hit hard in the next World War, forcing Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang River (now Anhui and Xianjing), and finally ended the four-year Chu-Han War. In the first month of 22 BC, Liu Bang fulfilled his previous promise and named Han Xin King of Chu and Peng Yue King of Yue. Han Xin and Peng Yue, the former Yan Wang Zang Tea, Zhao Wang Zhang Ao and Changsha Wang Wu Rui * * * wrote to Liu Bang, asking him to become the emperor. Liu Bang began to pretend to refuse. Han Xin and others said, "Although your majesty was born in poverty, he can lead people to wipe out the violent Qin Dynasty, punish injustice and settle the world. He has made more contributions than all kings, and you are expected to be proclaimed emperor." Liu bang said, "Since all of you see it this way and think it is beneficial to the people of the world, let's do as you say."
on the third day of February, 22 BC, Liu Bang held the Dengji ceremony in the Yang of Sishui, Dingtao, Shandong Province, and named the country Han.
In May of the same year when he ascended the throne, Liu Bang held a celebration banquet in Nangong, Luoyang. At the banquet, he summed up the reasons for his victory: "In terms of strategizing, I won the battle thousands of miles away, and I am not as good as Zhang Liang; On comforting the people to supply food and grass, I am not as good as Xiao He; I am not as good as Han Xin in leading a million troops and fighting a decisive battle on the battlefield and winning every battle. However, I can make good use of people and give full play to their talents, which is the real reason for our victory. As for Xiang Yu, he only has Fan Zeng available, but he is suspicious of him, which is the reason for his final failure. " Liu bang's summary is indeed right. The human factor is always the most important factor in the victory or defeat of a war.
Later, Liu Bang moved to Chang 'an because of the reminder of a foot soldier named Lou Jing. Lou Jing came from Shandong to see Liu Bang, saying that Liu Bang's world was different from that of the previous Zhou Dynasty, so he should not take Luoyang as the capital like the Zhou Dynasty, but set his capital in Guanzhong, so that he could stick to the dangerous place in Qin and the country could maintain long-term stability. Zhang Liang agreed with Lou Jing's suggestion. He said that Guanzhong is a "golden city with thousands of miles, a land of abundance", which can retreat and defend, and attack and escape. Liu Bang agreed, so he quickly moved the capital to Chang 'an. Although Liu Bang became emperor, he didn't dare to treat his throne lightly. When he hosted a banquet for Ying Bu and other ministers, he once boasted to his father present: "You used to say that I was a rogue who didn't work or study, and no second brother could manage the family. Now that I am an emperor, do you think my second brother has more wealth or mine? " However, while enjoying it, he also took measures to consolidate the imperial power.
The first thing that bothers him is the king with a different surname. They all have soldiers, and some are half-hearted. The second problem is that other generals are fighting over the size of credit and reward. If they are not appeased properly, they will go to those kings with different surnames for insurrection. And the descendants of the original six countries should not be taken lightly. In the central government, the power of the prime minister also poses a threat to him as an emperor. Liu Bang spent eight years from becoming emperor to his final death, which was basically used to solve these problems that made him uneasy.
Han Xin was the first person he cleaned up. In 21 BC, that is, in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu, someone reported Han Xin's rebellion. Liu bang asked what to do, and everyone said that he sent his troops to crusade. But Chen Ping objected. He said that Chu was well-fed and Han Xin was good at fighting, so it was difficult to win when he sent his troops. He suggested that Liu Bang take the dream tour as an excuse to let all the c's go to Chen County (Huaiyang, Henan Province), and then Han Xin would definitely come, and then he would be arrested. Liu Bang acted according to the plan, and Han Xin was caught. Han Xin heard the accusation against him and shouted loudly: "What the ancients said was really good:' A sly rabbit dies, a running dog cooks; Birds are exhausted, and good bows are hidden; Destroy the enemy, and the adviser dies. " Now that the world has been settled, people like me should have been cooked and killed long ago. "Liu Bang took Han Xin to Luoyang, but there was no clear evidence, so he was released, but he was reduced to Huaiyin Hou. This made Han Xin bear a grudge.
In the second year, Han Xin plotted to let Chen Yi rebel in other places, so that Liu Bang personally went to counter the rebellion, and then attacked the Prince and Lv Hou himself in the capital. But it still came out. Lv Hou adopted Xiao He's idea, lured Han Xin into the palace to arrest him, and finally beheaded him in Changle Palace, leaving an idiom "Success is Xiao He, failure is me".
besides Han Xin, other princes such as Peng Yue and others were also eliminated, leaving only Wu Rui, the king of Changsha.
for other generals, Liu bang also took pains. At first, Liu Bang enfeoffed more than twenty officials, including Xiao He. However, because the generals were not convinced of each other, they won't stop fighting for success. Once, in Nangong, Luoyang, Liu Bang saw people sitting on the sand, wondering what they were talking about, and asked Zhang Liang around him what was going on. Zhang Liang said that they were conspiring. Liu Bang asked why, and Zhang Liang said that he was afraid that he would not seal their senior officials in the future. Liu asked what to do. Zhang Liang asked him who he hated the most. Liu said it was Yong Chi, because he was too proud and wanted to kill him. After listening to this, Zhang Liang asked him to make Yong Chi Hou. In this way, everyone felt that Yong Chi, who was hated by Liu Bang, could be sealed, so they didn't have to worry. So, Liu Bang held a big celebration banquet, named Yong Chi why Fang Hou, and also ordered the Prime Minister and the suggestion on the spot to take the time to draw up a list of awards and heroines. Zhang Liang's plan really worked, and people's hearts were settled.
For the descendants of the Six Kingdoms, Liu Bang moved them and hundreds of thousands of local famous families to live in Guanzhong and put them under the central control, thus eliminating worries.
With regard to the excessive power of the Prime Minister, Liu Bang attacked and weakened the prime minister by putting Xiao He in prison. After Liu Bang put down the rebellion in Qing Bu and returned to Chang 'an, Xiao He proposed to open Shanglinyuan for the people to farm, because Shanglinyuan was basically deserted and was not a place for the emperor to keep animals for hunting. Liu Bang was annoyed when he heard it, insisting that Xiao He took bribes from businessmen, so he spoke for them and made profits for businessmen in the name of the people. Liu Bang put Xiao He in prison. A few days later, a minister asked the Prime Minister what crime he had committed, but Liu Bang argued for himself: "In the past, Li Si was the Prime Minister of Qin, and all the credit went to the first emperor, and all the bad things were borne by himself. But now the Prime Minister Xiao He has accepted bribes from businessmen, begging me to open the forest garden for them, so as to buy people's hearts. Therefore, he should be treated for his sins. " By attacking Xiao He, a veteran hero, Liu Bang weakened the relative power and raised the emperor's power.
In consolidating and strengthening the imperial power, Liu Bang also tried his best, first, by respecting his father Taigong as the emperor's father, and second, by dealing with Ji Bu and Ding Gong. These two things finally achieved his goal.
After a long period of chaos in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and a short period of rule by the Qin Dynasty, coupled with the war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, people did not have the concept of loyalty to the monarch, and they still maintained the idea of "a scholar is impermanent and a country has no ministers" formed since the Warring States Period, which is not conducive to the consolidation of imperial power. By respecting his father, Liu Bang educated the ministers and the people to obey the etiquette, respect the elders and be loyal to the monarch.
Liu Bang lives with his father Taigong. In order to show his filial piety, he goes to visit every five days. Taigong thinks nothing, and he is used to it. However, the squire's subordinate felt that it was inappropriate, so he advised him to say, "As the saying goes, there are no two masters in heaven and no two masters in earth. Today, the emperor is your son, but he is also the owner. Although you are his father, you are also his minister.