The Chinese nation has lasted for five thousand years, and has left behind many ancient and splendid civilizations in the long history, and the ancient city is one of them. The ancient city is a manifestation of the history and culture of a region, and it is also the unique cultural heritage of the people of China. These cities have gone through the baptism of time, weathered hardships, and have been passed down to this day, becoming witnesses of history.
The ancient city of Tingzhou has a history of more than a thousand years. It was once the political, military, economic and cultural center of western Fujian. In its long history, Tingzhou has experienced a process from inception to prosperity. And gradually developed into a city with distinctive cultural characteristics. Today, Tingzhou City stands tall and majestic in the Wuyi Mountains, showing its charm to the world. During the Tang Dynasty, Tingzhou was founded and its greatness first emerged
The ancient city of Tingzhou originally belonged to the Minyue region, and its construction began in the Tang Dynasty.
"In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, the caves of Fuzhou and Fuzhou were opened, and Tingzhou was established." ---"Tang Shu Geography"
In the fourth year of Dali of the Tang Dynasty, After the governor Chen Jian took office, Tingzhou City was still a desolate scene. The surrounding countryside had no crops all year round, and the people of Li were often sick and lived in poverty. After Chen Jian saw this, he planned to rebuild Tingzhou City.
The rebuilt Tingzhou City is located in Baishi Village south of the Wolong Mountains. The city's address is "Zhenshan Linxi". To the north of Tingzhou City is the earthenware Wolong Mountains, and to the east is the Tingjiang River. , the creek in the west flows around the city and joins the Tingjiang River in the south, forming a situation surrounded by mountains and rivers.
“One river merges with three streams in the distance, and a thousand barriers surround the city on all sides.” A poem written by Chen Xuan, the prefect of the Song Dynasty, describes the geographical features of Tingzhou City very well.
When Tingzhou City was first built, it was mainly built with earth. It is recorded in "Tingzhou Prefecture Chronicle": "At the beginning of the move to the county, the terrain was said to be like a bucket."
The layout of Tingzhou City in the Tang Dynasty can also be well understood from the "County and City Map" of the Song Dynasty: a street running from east to west divides the city into two sections, the north and the south. The terrain in the north section is higher, and the bad states are concentrated. Department, Kaiyuan Temple and other major buildings.
The south of the city is an open plain area, which is the county seat and the residence of residents. It is actually part of the planning of Tingzhou City. During the Ming Dynasty, Tingzhou City was expanded. Measures, at this time the two merge into one, integrated into one.
The planning and layout of Tingzhou City fully reflects the wisdom of the ancient people. This layout with low south and high north can facilitate political rule on the one hand and good military defense on the other. , and there are also Feng Shui ideas in it.
The state office of Tingzhou City is located in a higher place in the north. Its back is connected to the Wolong Mountain Peak area and faces Baozhu Peak. These three points are connected in a line, forming a terrain surrounded by mountains and rivers. No matter what kind of planning and renovation Tingzhou City has undergone, the location of the state office has always remained unchanged.
The defensive measures of the newly built Tingzhou City were relatively simple. There were no moats, sub-cities, etc. It was not until the Dazhong period of the Tang Dynasty that a sub-city was built, and Luocheng watchtowers also began to be built. Today, in front of the ancient camphor tree in Zhongshan Park, is where the ruins of Zicheng during the Tang Dynasty were located. "The economic base determines the superstructure." The prosperous economy in the Song Dynasty drove many industries, and Tingzhou City developed rapidly
In the late Tang Dynasty, due to a series of wars, a large number of people migrated south. At this time, the whole country The economic center also began to move to the south. After the reunification of the Song Dynasty, many measures were taken, such as building water conservancy projects, reclaiming wasteland, etc., which greatly promoted the development of agriculture.
At this time, the division of labor in the handicraft industry gradually became more refined, and technology and some production tools have made great progress. All these factors have promoted the prosperity of harsh cities.
During the Song Dynasty, Tingzhou City was greatly renovated and expanded.
The city wall "has two hundred and fifty-four steps on Friday, with a base of three feet wide, an area of ??three feet and one foot, and a height of one foot and eight feet." --- "Tingzhou Prefecture Chronicle"
In addition to the increase in scope, Tingzhou City's defense system has also been greatly strengthened.
In terms of layout, Tingzhou City at this time mainly followed the layout of the previous dynasty, and was still divided into north and south sections. There were seven arterial roads in the city, dividing the entire city into several areas.
In terms of the urban water system, the Tingjiang River is to the east of the city and the moat is to the southwest. This forms a transportation and defense system surrounded by water on three sides. At the same time, these rivers are also the main water sources for residents in the city.
In addition, there are nine large wells in Tingzhou City, which are also distributed near the city. This kind of planning layout shows that this area is a gathering place for the population. Because it is surrounded by water on three sides, five bridges were built in the middle of the city to facilitate transportation in the city. Some bridges also have two-story buildings to provide people with shelter from wind and rain. At the same time, some vendors can also Buy and sell transactions are conducted here.
During the Song Dynasty, Tingzhou City had a very dense population. Although the city had taken corresponding expansion measures, it still could not accommodate the large number of residents, resulting in a crowded scene in the city. Many residents were forced to I had no choice but to move outside the city.
The Zhou Dynasty is only five miles long, and most of the market residents are outside the pass. There are only three squares in the old city, and twenty outside the city. "---"Linting Chronicles"
There are twenty-four related records of village names, twenty-one of which are distributed near the county seat, within a radius of about five miles, which shows that during the Song Dynasty The urban management of Tingzhou is no longer the closed management of the Tang Dynasty.
Tingzhou has a superior geographical location and unique advantages. During the Song Dynasty, people were able to make full use of the water conservancy and transportation in Tingzhou City. With the increase of agricultural and sideline products, Tingzhou City's commerce also gradually developed. At that time, some "markets" in Tingzhou City were often open day and night, showing a prosperous and brightly lit scene.
The development of commerce represents the development of the economy, and economic development indirectly drives the development of culture and religion. During the Song Dynasty, Tingzhou began to establish the state school, which was the highest institution in the state, and later established the Changting County School. , the Confucian Temple that still exists today is the seat of Songzhou Studies. Its architectural style has a very high artistic level. For the society of the Song Dynasty at that time, this kind of building was rare.