The main water source, Panlong River, originates from the Huanglongtan underground river in Liangwang Mountain (also known as Donggele Mountain) in the northwest of Songming County. It flows through Muyang Street and is connected with the Shaodian River that originates from Shaodian Village. The confluence is called Panlong River, and it flows through many valleys. When it reaches Songhua Dam, the terrain suddenly opens up, and branches into Jinzhi River, Mingtong River and other rivers to merge into Dianchi Lake.
The water collected by Dianchi Lake passes through the tranquil Mantis River and Pudu River, and then flows into the Jinsha River at the junction of Dongchuan and Luquan.
Upstream Water System
The Dianchi Lake Basin is located in the central Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, in the watershed zone of the three major water systems of the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Red River. The drainage area is 2920 square kilometers, and the large and small rivers flowing into Dianchi Lake** *There are more than 20 rivers, among which Panlong River is the largest, and others are Chaihe River, Jinzhi River, Majiao River, Kunyang River, Haiyuan River, Baoxiang River, Dongda River, Liangwang River, Chenggong River, Xibisha River, etc. .
Dianchi Lake accepts more than 20 rivers. In addition to Panlong River, there are also Dongbaisha River, Baoxiang River, Majao River, Luolong River, Laoyu River, Liangwang River, Dahe, Chaihe, Dongda River, Gucheng River, New Yunliang River, Old Yunliang River, etc. form the Dianchi Lake Basin, with a drainage area of ??2,920 square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 750 million cubic meters.
The larger tributary Baoxiang River has a total length of 46 kilometers, a drainage area of ??316 square kilometers, and an average annual runoff of 084 million cubic meters; the Chai River has a total length of 48 kilometers and a drainage area of ??306 square kilometers. meters, with a multi-year average annual runoff of 93 million cubic meters. Haikou River is the outlet of Dianchi Lake.
Panlong River, water system upstream of Dianchi Lake, Pudu River. The Pudu River originates from the white sand slope of Chalaqing on the northern foot of Liangwang Mountain in Songming County. The source river is the Muyang River. The elevation of its origin is 2,600 meters. It flows through Songming, Guandu, Panlong, Wuhua, Xishan, Chenggong, Jinning, Tranquility and enriching the people.
Luquan*** has 10 counties (cities) and districts. It merges into the Jinsha River 1 km northeast of Xiaohepingzi, Zehei Township, Luquan County, with a total length of 375 kilometers. The elevation of the confluence 746 meters, with a height difference of 1,854 meters, and a drainage area of ??11,716 square kilometers (including 10,758 square kilometers in Kunming). It is customary to divide the Pudu River into four sections: Panlong River, Dianchi Lake, Mantis River, and the lower section of the Pudu River.
Panlong River is the upper reaches of Pudu River. Its source is Muyang River and Dianwei River, which meet at the mouth of Chahe River in Xiaohe Township, Guandu District. It was originally called Panlong River. It passes through Guchangba Reservoir and exits Songhua Dam. The reservoir enters the Kunming Dam area, passes through the urban area, and flows into Dianchi Lake in Hongjia Village, Guandu District. It has a total length of 93.5 kilometers, a drainage area of ??903 square kilometers, an average annual runoff of 165 million cubic meters, and a drainage basin elevation of 2280-1890 meters. Sloping gently.
The largest Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming is built in the basin area, with a water storage capacity of 219 million cubic meters. It is the water source for Kunming's urban water supply. The main tributaries of Panlong River include Muyang River, Lengshui River, Qingshui River, Yangqing River, and more than 20 river channels such as Donggan Canal, Jinzhi River, Yinzhi River, Mingtong River, and Yongchang River used for drainage and irrigation.
Luolong River: formerly known as Luoluo River, originates from the Black and White Dragon Ponds, with a total length of 13.7 kilometers and a runoff area of ??115.52 square kilometers.
In 1978, after the straightening below Longshi Bridge, it was called Dongda River. The average river width is 5 meters, the embankment height is 2.5 meters, and the maximum flow is 8 cubic meters/second. It flows through Daxince and Xiaoxiao in Luoyang Street. From Xince and Luolong communities, it enters Longjie, Chengnei, and Gucheng communities of Longcheng Street to Jiangwei community of Dounan Street and enters Dianchi Lake.
Yaochong River: The main branch originates from the east side of Xiaolongtan Mountain, with a total length of 12.3 kilometers and a runoff area of ??31.48 square kilometers. The tributaries are distributed in the north of Qidian Street in a broom shape, and the main stream runs from Guangnan Village along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway to Shijiazi and enters the sinkhole.
MaLiu River: Located in the north of Chenggong, it originates from Huanglongtan in Baishuitang, Guandu District, Kunming City. It flows from northeast to southwest through the northwest of Luoyang Town, with a total length of 20.2 kilometers. In 1958, a fruit forest reservoir was built in the middle section of the river, and main water canals have been constructed in the middle and lower reaches. The average river width is 4 meters, the embankment height is 1.5 meters, and the maximum flow rate is 15 cubic meters/second.
It flows through the four small ancient city communities of Dachong, Nijiaying, Luoyang and Dounan Streets in Luoyang Street, and then flows into Dianchi Lake through Guandu District.
Laoyu River: located in the middle of Chenggong, originating from Xiangshuiqing on the east side of Yanbao Mountain, with a total length of 30.8 kilometers, a length of 28.7 kilometers within the territory, and a runoff area of ??121.23 square kilometers. In 1958, the Songmao Reservoir was built in the upper reaches. Later, main water channels for the reservoir were built in the middle and lower reaches. The average river width is 3.5 meters, the embankment height is 1.5 meters, and the maximum flow rate is 10 cubic meters/second.
It flows through six villages: Duanjiaying, Miaojiaying, Zhongzhuang, Qianweiying, Xiazhuang and Yuhua, and enters Yuejiao Village, Dayu Street. It is hereafter called Shengli River.
Liangwang River: originates from the foothills of Liangwang Mountain and is located in the northeast of Majinpu. It flows east-west with a total length of 22.9 kilometers, a territory length of 20.1 kilometers, a runoff area of ??55 square kilometers, and an average river width of 4 meters, the embankment height is 1.5 meters, and the maximum flow rate is 20 cubic meters/second. It flows through the five communities of Zhuangzi, Xiaoying, Daying, Huacheng and Majinpu, merges into the Shengli River and then flows into Dianchi Lake.
Nanchong River: In the south of Chenggong, it originates from the foothills of Heihan and Meimei Mountains, flows through the three villages of Baiyun, Lintang, and Zhongwei, and flows into Dianchi Lake through Anjiang Village in Jinning County. The total length is 14.4 kilometers. The territory is 11.2 kilometers long, with a runoff area of ??50.63 square kilometers, an average river width of 4 meters, an embankment height of 2 meters, and a maximum flow of 8.5 cubic meters/second.
Heilongtan: Located at the foot of Longtan Mountain, 1 km northeast of Daxince, it contains sediment and the water quality is unclear. It is one of the main water sources of Luolong River. The annual water output is about 0.3 to 3.2 cubic meters. /Second.
Bailongtan: Located 1 kilometers northeast of Bailongtan Community, the rock formations in the pool contain quartz sand, which was washed and deposited by the spring at the bottom of the spring. The water in the pool is clear and glowing, and the water is white. The annual water output It is about 0.3~0.9 cubic meters/second and is the main water source of Bailongtan Reservoir. There are "strange fish" in the pond, the big ones have eyes like crabs (an autopsy found that the fish body was full of air bubbles, which is a symptom of pathology).
Xiaoyanquan: Located at the foot of Guanpo Mountain, 0.2 kilometers east of Xiaohaiyan, the water output is about 0.009 cubic meters/second, and the water is crystal clear.
Yuejiao Spring: Located 1 km southeast of Dengjiazhuang, the spring water is cool and delicious. There is currently one motorized well for the army. In addition to being used for domestic purposes, it can irrigate more than 200 acres of farmland every year.
Xiaolongtan: Located on the southwest side of Majinpu Pond, 1 km northwest of Majinpu, the water output is 0.009 cubic meters/second.
Longjing: Located on the west side of Huancheng West Road, the spring water is clear, sweet and delicious. After drinking, the water will leave a fragrance on your teeth and cheeks. It is known as "Longjing Spring Fragrance". In 1970, a county water plant was built here to supply domestic water to Longcheng Town and other places.
Caohai: Located 1.5 kilometers east of Qidian, it looks like a gourd and is divided into upper and lower parts. It covers an area of ??about 0.5 square kilometers, with an average water depth of 1.5 meters. It has abundant aquatic plants and forms a natural pond.
The Lao Baoxiang River originates from the Baoxiang River Reservoir, flows through Dabanqiao, Economic Development Zone, and Xiaobanqiao. After branching off from Yangfu to the Xinbaoxiang River, the Lao Baoxiang River passes through Guandu After the ancient town, it flows into Dianchi Lake. As one of the six ancient rivers in Kunming, the Laobaoxiang River has had a significant impact on the economic and cultural development of Guandu District, Kunming.
The Laobaoxiang River has a total length of 41.4 kilometers and a drainage area of ??292 square kilometers.
The Yudai River was dug during the Nanzhao period of the Tang Dynasty (it is also said that it was dug during the Yachicheng Saidian Chiye Dian period in the Yuan Dynasty). To expand the southwest moat of Dongcheng. It is named because the water is as clear as jade and looks like a green belt surrounding the city.
The Yudai River is a tributary of the Panlong River. Its source is Shuanglong Bridge. It flows from Shuanglong Bridge through Xinqiao Village, Horseshoe Bridge, Tuqiao, Shihua Bridge, Jiming Bridge, Xiba River, and Yongchang River into Dianchi Lake. 2 kilometers long. It was originally an earth embankment, but was changed to a stone embankment in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Due to urban construction needs, after 1980, the section from Jiming Bridge to Xiba was built as an underground river connection road, and was expanded into the spacious and flat western section of Jinbi Road. The Yudai River was originally divided into five branches, all flowing into Caohai.
These five branches of the Yudai River flow into Caohai through a short flow, which play a beneficial role in alleviating Panlong River floods, preventing floods and drainage, and water conservancy and irrigation.
The Chuangfang River is one of the eight major rivers in old Kunming, with a total length of 11.4 kilometers. In the Chuangfang River (Fuhai Section), from the gate of Kaixuanli Automobile City to the entrance to the lake, the total length is 5.4 kilometers. The Chuangfang River is located in the southwest of Kunming City and is one of the main rivers entering Yunnan.
The river is bounded by the Chengdu-Kunming Railway. The upper section is called Lanhuagou. It starts from the Shandong entrance of Yuantong. It is a sewer system with a combined system. The combined sewage flows into the first sewage treatment plant; the lower section is called the Ship Channel. The Fanghe River is a combined drainage river. In the dry season, it is pumped through the Chuangfanghe Pumping Station to the Xiyuan Tunnel. In the rainy season, it enters Caohai. The upstream Lanhuagou River section has been completely buried and turned into an underground river.
Jinzhi River was first built in the Nanzhao period and was named "Jinling River".
In 1040 AD, King Duan Suxing of the Dali Kingdom mobilized his laborers to dredge the Jinzhi River and Panlong River. The embankments built were named "Chundeng Embankment" and "Yunjin Embankment" to "defend the water storage, Irrigation has great merit." "Chun Dengdi" is the Jinzhi River Embankment. At that time, spring willow trees were planted on the Jinling embankment. "When the yellow flowers entered the river, it was like golden juice, so it was called the Golden juice river."
From 1276 to 1280, Yunnan Pingzhang Political Affairs Saidianchi-Zhansiding built Songhua Dam to divert water into the Jinzhi River. "During this period, the Jinzhi River was renovated and built, and ten small gates and three culverts were built. One hundred and sixty, water is released in turn, moistening from top to bottom, and irrigating the whole Yunnan."
Between the 14th year of Hongwu and the 9th year of Hongzhi (1381-1496) in the Ming Dynasty, the Jinzhi River was renovated dozens of times, and the earth dams and earth embankments were changed into stone embankments and stone embankments, and then stone embankments and dams were built. Shiba is more than 80 miles away (Huali).
The Grain Transport River, as its name implies, is a river used for transporting grain.
There are two grain transport rivers in Kunming. One flows from Cuihu Lake through Lengjiatang, Honglian, Jishan and Mingbo into Dianchi Lake, with a total length of 12 kilometers.
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the grain supplied to Kunming along the Dianchi Lake was transported into Kunming through this river.
In the early Yuan Dynasty, Dianchi Lake was connected to Cuihu Lake. The water level of Dianchi Lake was about 1892 meters. However, due to the water level dropping after dredging the Haikou River, Mu Ying, the right deputy general stationed in Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty, had to dredge the swamp. A grain-carrying river was formed that passed through Lengjiaotang. Later, as the water level of Dianchi Lake continued to drop, this grain-carrying river gradually became unnavigable. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui dug a third grain-carrying river in 1673, which was called Ximen River at the time. , which is now Daguan River, and built a seal pond and built a granary outside Xiaoximen and in the current warehouse, called Xiaoxicang.
The Old Yunliang River is an artificial canal formed by dredging trenches and swamps in the 18th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty. It was the channel for transporting grain from Dianchi Lake to Daxicang. The river starts from the fennel pile outside Daximen in the east, that is, The area near the present Kunming No. 1 Middle School is connected with the Cuihu water system, the Laolong River (today's Fengzhu Street) in the north, and the Shuncheng River in the southeast.
With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, buildings along the Old Yunliang River, especially near Qimugou, are heavily occupied and covered, and domestic and industrial sewage along the bank is directly discharged into the river.
Now, the Old Yunliang River is located in Wuhua District, High-tech Zone and Xishan District. It starts from the suburbs of the city, passes through the downtown area, and ends at Caohai. It is one of the 12 flood control and drainage rivers in Kunming.
At present, the upper and lower sections of the Old Yunliang River have basically been renovated. Only the section from the Lecture Hall near Cuihu to the Municipal Gymnasium, commonly known as Qimugou, is covered with water because it is an underground river. Covered by buildings, it is difficult to intercept pollutants.
Downstream water system
Hehaikou River is the only river out of Dianchi Lake. It is named Mantis River because of the distribution of mantis-shaped beaches in the river.
The Mantis River flows from Fumin into the Pudu River and into the Jinsha River.
The Mantis River flows from the Haikou River at the outlet of Dianchi Lake to Anning, passing through the Shilongba Power Plant and ending at Tongxian Bridge.
Tongxian Bridge, Hot Spring, Qinglong Temple, and Yongding Bridge in Fumin County are called Mantis River, with a total length of 97.6 kilometers, a basin elevation of 1884-1700 meters, and a basin area of ??5178 square kilometers. The main tributaries include Mingyi River, Shuanghe River, Majiao River, Shahe River, Xianjie River, Luhuo River, Dianweiqing River, Lüze River, etc.
The Mingyi River, the larger tributary, has a total length of 77 kilometers, a drainage area of ??908 square kilometers, and an average annual runoff of 187 million cubic meters. It is the main irrigation river in Anning City.
Extended information
The origin of the name of Dianchi Lake
In ancient times, Dianchi Lake was called Diannanze, also known as Kunming Lake. There are four theories about the origin of the name of Dianchi Lake. According to "Huayang Guozhi·Nanzhong Zhi" written by Jin Changzhu: Dianchi Lake is called Dianchi Lake because "the downstream flow is shallow and narrow, like flowing backwards."
"This is from the perspective of geographical form.
Another way of saying it is to find out the pronunciation and examine the meaning, thinking that "the people from Yunnan are from the top." "Some people think it is "Dian" in Yi language, which means Dabazi.
The third theory is based on the ethnic title. "Historical Records·Biography of Southwest Yi" records: "Dian", In ancient times, it was the name of the largest tribe in this area (Di Qiang "Sou", "Bo" or "Filling"). After the Chu general Zhuang Qi entered Dian, he changed his subject and became known as the Dian King. Therefore, there were Dianchi tribes first. The fourth theory is that "Dian" means "pavilion" or "ancestral hall" in Zhuang language, which refers to the location of the ancestral hall.
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