Work:
1. Unify the six countries
In the late Warring States period, Qin became the most powerful country among the seven countries, and constantly annexed the land of its eastern neighbors through war. In 260 BC, an unprecedented fierce battle of Changping took place between Qin and Zhao. More than 400,000 people of Zhao Jun went to the State of Qin, and most of them were killed. From then on, the six eastern countries could no longer resist Qin Jun's attack.
From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, destroyed the six eastern countries successively and established the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China. The unification of Qin dynasty ended the long-term feudal feudalism, which was in line with the wishes of the broad masses of people.
The order of the unified war:
(1) Wei and Chu memorabilia in Qin and Han Dynasties:
In the first 290 years, Han and Qin Wusui were 200 miles apart.
In the early 280' s of Chu, Shang Yong lived in the north of Qin and Han Dynasties (now northwest Hubei).
Wei Yu (in present-day wen county, Henan Province) in the first 275 years.
Wei and Qin Nanyang in the first 273 years (now Jiyuan to Huojia in Henan Province).
【 Hint 】 As can be seen from the above table, during the first 60 or 70 years of the unification of China, the military power of the State of Qin had expanded to the Central Plains.
(2) The timetable for Qin to destroy the six countries: to destroy North Korea in the first 230 years; Destroy Wei in the first 225 years; Destroy Chu in the first 223 years; Destroy Zhao and Yan in the first 222 years; 22 1 year ago, it was eliminated.
(3) Memorabilia of Six Countries' Resistance to Qin at the end of the Warring States Period:
Zhao She, the former 269 general of Zhao, struck and defeated Qin.
In the first 257 years, Wei Xinling saved Zhao and Chi was released.
In the first 247 years, Xin led the five countries to defeat outside the river.
The first 233 Qin attacked Chili and Yi 'an, and was repelled by Li Mu.
In 232 years ago, Qin attacked me and was repelled by Li Mu.
In the first 227 years, Yan Taizi Dan ordered Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin.
It can be seen that the words in The Six Kingdoms, such as "Six countries mourn each other", "Qi eventually moved and destroyed five countries" and "Yan became a small country after the death", are all based on the above historical facts.
2. The establishment of authoritarian centralized rule
After Ying Zheng unified the six countries, it took a series of measures to strengthen centralization. He stipulated that the supreme ruler was called the emperor, and all major state affairs were decided by the emperor alone, and the main officials were appointed and removed by the emperor. In the central government, there are imperial advisers below the Prime Minister, Qiu and the Emperor. At the local level, Qin Shihuang accepted the suggestion of Li Si, the minister, and implemented the county system, which divided the whole country into 36 counties, with the counties below the high counties. The county system has been used for a long time in China.
3. Unify writing, currency and weights and measures.
During the Warring States period, the writing, currency and weights and measures of different countries were different, which affected the economic and cultural exchanges of various places. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, Xiao Zhuan was regarded as a national standard character, and later it became popular among the people with simpler strokes. Qin Shihuang also stipulated that the Qin copper wire with round square holes should be used uniformly throughout the country; At the same time, the degree, quantity and balance are unified. These measures are conducive to the unification of Gong State and Qin Dynasty, to the economic and cultural exchanges between different places, and have a far-reaching impact on future generations.
4. Take Hetao area to defend Xiongnu.
Xiongnu is an ancient nomadic tribe in northern China, originally distributed in Mongolian grassland. At the end of the Warring States period, they gradually became stronger, occupied the Hezong Hetao area with abundant aquatic plants, and kept going south. Agricultural production in northern countries is often destroyed. At the end of Qin Shihuang, Huns formed a powerful country. Their leader is called Khan.
After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, General Meng Tian led the army to seize the Hetao area from the Huns. The government also resettled some people from the mainland to farm and defend there. Qin Shihuang also recruited farmers and built a Yugoslav capital from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east to resist the Huns. This is the world-famous Great Wall of Wan Li.
5. The development of traffic water system in Yue nationality area.
The Yue nationality is an ancient nationality in the south of China, which is distributed in the southeast coast and the Pearl River Basin. After Qin unified the six countries, it sent troops to conquer the Yue region. There, several counties such as Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang Jun were established, and 500,000 people moved from the Central Plains to defend them and live with the Vietnamese. In order to solve the traffic difficulties, Qin Shihuang sent people to dig a canal to connect the water in Hunan and the two major water systems, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.
Build a vehicle
On the basis of the original six-country road of chariots and horses, Qin built a wide and unified road with Xianyang as the center.
7. The emergence of private ownership of land
Since Shang Yang abandoned the mine and opened the building, Qin gradually allowed private ownership of land and free trading. After the reunification of the whole country, Qin paid more attention to agricultural production, allowing people who occupied land to declare the number of fields they occupied and pay taxes, and formally recognized the legitimacy of private ownership of land.
By:
1. Over-collection and over-taxation.
In order to maintain the huge military expenditure and project construction and meet the extravagant life, the first emperor did not hesitate to levy heavy taxes on the people, and there was a serious situation in the whole country that "men kept plowing, women didn't have enough food to eat, and women were naked, exhausting all resources in the world to serve their government", so that the people were poor, and they were "naked, cattle and horses were naked, and they didn't have enough food to eat". "
2. Overjoyed, abusing people's power
Qin Shihuang was eager for quick success and instant benefit and showed no sympathy for people's feelings. He built Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li near the capital for his own luxury, consuming more than 700,000 civilian workers. It is estimated that at that time, the number of people performing military service far exceeded 2 million, accounting for more than one third of men in their prime. Such heavy taxes and heavy labor are really unbearable for the people.
3. Severe punishment, boiling public resentment.
Since Shang Yang's political reform in Qin Dynasty, laws and regulations have been very strict. One person was sentenced to death and three families were punished. A family breaks the law and people are often punished by hard labor or torture.
4. Restrain your thoughts and burn books to bury Confucianism
In order to prevent the people from rebelling, Qin Shihuang also exercised strict ideological control, such as issuing a ban on books, burning books on a large scale, and killing more than 400 Confucian scholars who failed to criticize state affairs, which is known in history as "burning books to bury Confucianism."