In the design, we should first consider the safety of the family living environment.
First, the protective structure, load-bearing wall, balcony half wall, room beam or column, regardless of its location, is absolutely forbidden to dismantle or change.
Second, the materials selected for decoration design shall not exceed the bearing capacity of the house.
Third, pay attention to protect the waterproof layer. In the process of decoration design, if the construction endangers or destroys the waterproof layer, it is necessary to repair or redo it.
Fourth, pay attention to safety and fire prevention, and the flammable materials such as wood and fabric used in design and decoration should be treated with flame retardant; According to the position of the electric appliance, the capacity of the electric meter and the thickness of the wire are redesigned to avoid accidents in use.
Individualization principle
First of all, respect the autonomy of parallel users.
Secondly, we should choose the one that highlights the characteristics of our room according to our personal hobbies.
1. In the design, the expression of personality is mainly reflected by the modeling, landscaping, color application and material selection in the room space.
2, the correct way to show the personality of decoration, any family should use certain reference objects when decorating, many people ignore the needs of family life, and it is impossible to reflect the characteristics of the family by choosing a hotel as a sample of family decoration.
3. To highlight individuality, we should pay attention to the coordination with the whole, and carry out family decoration design with long-term and developing guiding ideology.
economic principle
Starting from our own conditions, combined with the structural characteristics of the living room, we carefully design and skillfully combine different grades of materials to give full play to their respective advantages in different textures, colors and properties, so as to achieve the principle of both economic and practical beautification. Do not advocate overdraft decoration, luxury decoration, family decoration should take into account the needs of daily life, play a role in facilitating life, and the decoration effect must be practical.
functional principle
Practicality means that the living room can meet the use function to the maximum extent. First, provide a space environment for residents; The second is to provide the needs of goods storage to the maximum extent. Put the functionality of service life in an important position, and be sure to leave users with a convenient and comfortable feeling in life.
Aesthetic principle
Aesthetics means that the decoration of the room should be artistic, especially to reflect the unique aesthetic taste of the individual.
Habitual principle: what family decoration needs is the pursuit of artistic beauty, but it must be based on respecting the living habits of the owner, and the artistic orientation should be consistent with the life value orientation and harmonious with the living habits.
Principles of environmental protection
Decoration should also establish environmental awareness. Environmental protection materials should be the first choice in material selection, and attention should be paid to energy saving and pollution-free, especially in lighting, ventilation, deodorization and oil prevention. 1, not blindly pursuing expensive materials.
If expensive natural marble is used to decorate the living room floor, then the functional price ratio may not be ideal. Because natural marble is hard, especially in the cold season in northern China, the hard and bright ground makes people feel cold and muscles contract. For the old, weak and children, walking on the ground is easy to slip and feel insecure psychologically. For another example, the furniture and interior decoration of the room should be as harmonious as possible in grade, color and lines. Every part of interior decoration plays its due role in all decoration. If a part is not handled properly, it may be very uncoordinated with the whole, or even out of place, which will lead to the result that its aesthetic effect is disproportionate to the expensive investment. Some interior decoration, only after the completion of decoration, found that the aesthetic effect and functional effect of decorative materials have side effects. If natural marble is used to decorate the interior wall, because the decoration process itself is both a construction and a creation of surplus materials, the texture of natural marble must be taken into account in the process of cutting and inlaying, and a good artistic effect can be obtained if it is handled well. However, if the inlaying level is low, it may be chaotic, not only without artistic charm, but also vulgar and even offensive.
2, understand the material pollution and damage.
Polymer decorative materials on the market. Some of these new decorative materials pollute the indoor air, and some plastic wallpapers give off a more disgusting smell than the practice. Some people are even allergic to the volatiles of some polymer materials, which may affect their mood and appetite or cause skin discomfort. In addition, although some decorative materials are novel, such as fluorescent materials, they contain radioactive elements and are harmful to human body. In fact, hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid and diluent in decorative coatings have polluted the air by military mail. In the application of decorative coatings and its corresponding decoration construction, it is often necessary to add diluent to solvent-based synthetic resin series decorative coatings to adjust viscosity. These diluents contain mixed xylene, ketones, esters, alcohols and mixed solvents of these substances. These solvents are not only smelly, but also flammable. It has been emphasized that many decorative coatings contain some highly toxic or dangerous ingredients. Some curing agents in epoxy putty are easy to corrode the skin when in contact with people. Insect pests (termites, cockroaches and other microorganisms) and rodents will appear in some straw decorative materials that have not been degreased and sugar removed at high temperature.
3. Pay attention to fire safety.
At present, China still lacks the necessary standards for the flammability of decorative materials sold in the market. Be especially careful when buying decorative materials. Interior decoration is the secondary processing of the inner surface of the wall, especially the ceiling material, which is more likely to be ignored. If the materials used are not flame retardant, in case of fire, the interior decoration materials will be ignited first, so try to use inorganic decoration materials for the roof and interior walls of the kitchen.
4. Avoid conflicting effects or decorative effects that offset each other.
If the interior wall is plastered with mortar, its decorative function is to absorb moisture (when the indoor humidity is high) and release moisture (when the indoor humidity is low, it presents a dry atmosphere), which is usually called the function of breathing moisture. This kind of breathing is very useful for adjusting indoor humidity and air quality. If you stick plastic wallpaper on this inner wall, the effect of natural breathing will be greatly reduced after adding a layer of plastic wallpaper. This practice is to sacrifice the beneficial function of the original interior decoration of the wall in exchange for the decorative beauty of the surface. Wood decorative materials have a natural and beautiful texture, but if they are coated with alkaline paint, it is more likely to cause lignin discoloration. Therefore, this coating requires a certain acidity, and the PH value is less than 7. Plywood made of Thai teak and Philippine pine, after coated with white paint, the original color turned dark yellow, and the texture grade was reduced. For another example, in the aspect of indoor lighting configuration, we should also consider the nature of light sources and the rationality of the reflective performance of furniture and indoor finishes. The brightness of various finishes is too high and the reflection is strong, which may cause white light pollution. If this bright stimulus exceeds the physiological capacity of people, it will damage the cornea and iris of the eyes, resulting in decreased vision and increased incidence of cataracts. This artificial sunlight may disturb people's normal physiological rhythm. The dazzling visual environment may also induce neurasthenia, insomnia and poor self-control. All the above situations are the pollution of noise and light to people's psychological and physical health. Indoor light should be soft and moderate. While consciously controlling noise and light pollution, we should also be careful not to let the indoor light be too dim, otherwise it will easily make people depressed and not conducive to protecting their eyesight. Reasonable light environment should give people a visual image containing emotions, which is the most ideal.
5, pay attention to the special requirements of decorative parts
Avoid using conductive decorative materials near the power supply; Excessive static electricity accumulation may cause dust accumulation in suits and even lead to discharge and fire. Where the director moves too frequently, there are many opportunities for friction. Try to choose inorganic ceramic decorative materials that do not accumulate static electricity in these parts. Especially the decorative materials in all parts of the kitchen, under the condition of ensuring easy cleaning, we should also consider whether there is a fire hazard; The floor should not be too slippery where the elderly and children are active, and it is not advisable to arrange too many mirrors in the living room. It should be taken into account that some people don't like it.
The owner's decoration of the house refers to the decoration or repair of the house owned by the owner. Owners in such activities, must abide by the "Regulations on the Administration of Building Decoration", "Trial Measures for the Administration of Family Room Decoration" and other provisions. It is embodied in the following aspects:
Owners should sign a renovation contract with the property management unit when they check in. The applicant for house decoration shall go through the approval procedures with the approval letter to the competent department of city planning and obtain the construction permit.
1, the interior decoration shall not change the main load-bearing structure of the house without authorization. Do not make holes in the load-bearing wall at will, do not increase the static load of the floor at will, do not build walls or overload ceilings indoors, and do not install large lamps and ceiling fans.
2. If the main structure is demolished and the load is obviously increased, the owner must apply to the real estate administrative department where the house is located, and the house safety appraisal unit will review the use safety of the decoration scheme;
3. Don't move the position of sewage or sewer pipe without authorization. Shall not destroy or dismantle the waterproof layer of kitchen and bathroom and supporting facilities of water, heating, electricity and gas.
4. Do not build illegally. Shall not dismantle the wall connecting the balcony doors and windows, expand the original size of doors and windows or build other doors and windows.
5, does not affect the overall cleanliness and beauty of the external wall.
6, shall not use a large number of flammable decorative materials.
7. Owners should decorate their houses by themselves or entrust others to reduce or avoid the impact on the normal life of neighboring residents.
8. All kinds of wastes formed in the process of house decoration shall be piled up and removed in accordance with the location, method and time formulated by the relevant departments. It is strictly forbidden to throw away the waste and other items produced by decorating the living room from upstairs to the ground or from garbage passages and sewers.
9. If the pipeline is blocked, leaked, blacked out or damaged by the decoration, the client responsible for the decoration of the family room shall be responsible for maintenance and compensation; If the client is responsible, the client shall be required to be responsible for repair and compensation. 1. Pay attention to cutting corners in substrate processing.
Situation: Before the latex paint is painted, if the wall foundation is not cleaned and there are dust and greasy things, it will cause problems such as latex paint falling off, discoloration and unstable tiling. If the wet wall is not "sealed" with varnish in advance, it will also lead to water vapor leakage. Lacquer skin appears watermark and falls off.
Remind that basement treatment is the first step of construction, and it is also a key step that directly affects the follow-up links. Before painting the wall, first check whether there is a big hole in the wall that needs to be filled in, and then wipe the original wall skin clean. Wall surface repair should be polished with sandpaper to ensure the consistency of arts and sciences after repair, and float ash should be cleaned in a large area to ensure the firm combination of coating and base.
2. Pay attention to cut corners in floor construction
Situation: Many consumers will find that the edge of the floor at home will tilt, especially near the corner. Mainly because some workers are not careful enough or deliberately shoddy before laying, and some even use yellow sand to pave the road.
Reminder: Before laying the floor, first measure the flatness of the ground. If the ground flatness varies greatly, it is recommended to use cement mortar for leveling. After the ground is leveled, there can be no holes or sand on the ground. After leveling the ground with cement mortar, be sure to wait until the ground is dry and use a special level to determine the flatness of the whole ground before installing the floor.
3. Pay attention to the wall slotting to cut corners.
Conditions: In order to bury the exposed pipeline, the construction team must slot the wall and the ground. However, some workers carried out rough construction during the operation, and randomly slotted without knowing whether it was a load-bearing wall, which destroyed the load-bearing structure of the building and reduced the seismic capacity of the building.
Reminder: Go to the property or developer first to find out the location of the load-bearing wall. Do not move the load-bearing wall, and then determine the direction and position of all pipelines, so as to locate them accurately when slotting. Before the wall is slotted, all sewer openings should be blocked to prevent cement blocks from entering the sewer and causing blockage. In addition, the groove depth is basically more than the pipe diameter (including the pipe wall thickness) 1. About 5 cm, the outside of the pipeline is away from the wall 1. 5 cm distance, to ensure that the wall will not crack after sealing cement, plastering brick or painting.
4. Pay attention to wall painting to cut corners.
Situation: Painting is the easiest part to cut corners. Originally, the interior wall had to be painted three times according to the regulations, but the construction team only painted it once. There is no difference on the surface, but there will actually be a slight color difference. Some construction teams even use impurities to change paint, which leads to uneven surface coating and seriously affects the decoration effect.
Reminder: Before drawing V, you must know the painting area to estimate how much paint you need and avoid unnecessary waste. In addition, the prepared paint, especially the paint of the same color, should be used up at one time. If there is a local repair in the project, the repair place should be painted with primer after the wall is dry, and the top coat can not be directly painted at the position where the primer is missing. At the same time, check whether the coating is smooth in time. If it is not smooth, it can be polished with fine sandpaper and then painted with topcoat.
5. Pay attention to the tile shop to cut corners.
Conditions: tiles are often used. If workers cut corners, it is easy to have problems such as empty tiles and uneven joints. In addition, the cement and adhesive used for paving tiles are also exquisite, and the ratio is unreasonable and there are problems such as falling off.
Reminder: You must trim the tiles on the wall first, especially where there is waterproof putty. You should shovel off all the putty, otherwise it won't stick. Glazed tiles are usually soaked for more than two hours when laid, and then dried in the shade under natural conditions, otherwise the tiles may crack due to the action of cement. However, glass mosaics generally do not need to be soaked in water, which will cause mosaic particles to fall off and make it more troublesome to stick. In addition, after the tile is laid 12 hours, the surface of the tile should be patted for inspection. If it is found to be empty, it should be laid again.
6. Pay attention to cut corners on the sewer pipe.
Condition: If the water pipes and fittings are improperly sealed, it is easy to leak water. In the renovated bathroom, the basin will often move to the position staggered from the drain, and the water pipe directly bought by the basin is often difficult to use. In order to save trouble, installers generally don't make an S-bend, which leads to the direct connection between the basin and the sewer pipe, and the smell will come up from the sewer pipe.
Reminder: After the waterway construction is completed, check whether the water is unblocked. Fill the basin with water first, and then pour the water into all sewage places, including basin water, bathtub water, toilet water, kitchen and balcony floor drain, etc. It is normal to pour about 2 pots of water into each sewage outlet until you hear snoring and there is no water on the surface. In the process of construction, workers must be supervised to install S-bend pipes and odor-resistant floor drains.
7. Pay attention to the circuit transformation to cut corners.
Status: Some electricians in the construction team don't connect wires according to the construction requirements, and all kinds of wires take one conduit, such as putting TV antenna, telephone line and distribution wire in the same sleeve, which interferes with TV and telephone reception. Or the insulation and moisture-proof treatment of the joint is not good, resulting in short circuit and open circuit. Even the hidden lines in order to reduce costs have no casing, which leads to light leakage and seriously threatens the safety of houses and the lives of owners.
In addition, in addition to the above seven precautions, many families in the south also attach great importance to the combination of decoration and geomantic omen.
During construction, consumers must supervise electricians to carry out the construction in strict accordance with the operating procedures, so as to avoid modification while constructing. Before construction, you must ask for the circuit transformation diagram, tell the direction and specific location of the wires, and especially indicate the joints of the pipes. If there are changes in the construction process, the owner should also communicate with the designer, draw a reconstruction map at 2 o'clock, and then start construction, so that if there is a fault in the future, the owner can easily find the location of the line.
Five places where family decoration should not save money
For the post-80s generation who are not well off at hand, decoration is a huge project, and the quality of home improvement is the "top priority". People who have experienced decoration can best understand the ups and downs in decoration. Through a period of experience and summary, they can also know which places should be saved and which places should not be saved. Today, we will talk about several places that must be paid attention to in family decoration after the 1980s.
1. Buy a good switch socket.
There are the most fake sockets on the market, and most people simply can't tell the difference between true and false. Therefore, it is suggested that the socket switch should be purchased in a well-known brand socket shop as far as possible to ensure the quality. The switch socket is the place where the fire happens, especially during the Chinese New Year, when relatives and friends have dinner, the electricity consumption will definitely increase. How many people in the family are likely to cause safety accidents. Be very careful about this. Switches and sockets are all electric, and they are often touched by hand. For those with children at home, special attention should be paid to anti-leakage devices.
2. Cement also has a shelf life.
As long as you stick tiles, you will use cement, and the quality of cement is directly related to the bonding strength of tiles. Most tiles are hollowed out because of problems in cement laying. If you don't want tiles to bulge and fall off, experts suggest that when buying cement, carefully check the production date and carefully choose high-quality brand-name cement. Try to let these small details not affect the final quality and effect of the decoration.
3. The big core board is very expensive
Every family will use large core board more or less when decorating, and its quality is directly related to the indoor formaldehyde content. Therefore, we should be cautious in the purchase of large core boards, try to buy high-quality and environmentally-friendly plates in big stores, and never save money on them.
4. Famous brand sanitary wares save more water.
In the purchase of sanitary ware, we must not buy cheap sanitary ware for the sake of coveting the difference of several hundred dollars. There is a big gap between cheap products and brand-name products in terms of water consumption, noise and water sealing function. Sanitary ware is a long-term and frequently used building material, so it is more abrasive than other building materials. Therefore, in building materials such as bathroom, we should choose brand bathroom with good reputation. In the long run, it will save more water.
5. Antirust coating is essential.
Have you painted all your carpentry with fire retardant paint? Are all the nail holes painted with antirust paint? If not, it must be the workers who cut corners. Fire prevention, rust prevention and other processes are the necessary protection for home safety. The owner must pay special attention to these small details when accepting. 1. Decoration analysis
Before home decoration, customers should have a specific requirement for the living conditions of the house, such as the structure of residents, the number of people who need to live and their personal interests, the layout of the living room, the layout of furniture, the demand and distribution of electricity for air conditioning, the overall style orientation and the key requirements of customers for decoration. And the positioning of the design scheme. Two or three designers of the decoration consulting company will listen to the comprehensive opinions of the owners, design for free, and complete a set of design schemes of not less than 30 pages, including renderings, layout drawings, node drawings, production drawings, etc. , signed by the customer for confirmation. Consultants are not engaged in professional construction, which avoids the phenomenon of inaccurate size conversion when designers sign contracts.
2. Cost and time limit for a project control
Select materials according to the consumer demand of the owner. Control the cost and construction period without affecting the safety, durability, personalization, use function and environmental protection requirements. Customers can explain to designers the desired consumption value and the desired decorative effect. After the scheme is completed, you must go to the decoration consulting company to verify the design scheme, material selection and quotation.
3. Control and pre-evaluation of green decoration indicators
According to the materials required in the design scheme, the harmful gas emission of each material is comprehensively calculated, effectively controlled and reasonably matched, so as to achieve the purpose of green decoration and reduce the harm of decoration to human body. Pre-evaluation of environmental protection is to calculate the harmful gas released by the materials required by the design scheme for 24 hours to see whether it meets the environmental protection decoration standards.
4. Choose a decoration company in the case of bidding
Compare the quotation with design standards, process standards, environmental protection standards and construction period. The decoration consulting company authorizes three to five decoration companies to quote prices for customers, and the customers personally open the bids. After the decoration company is selected, the supervision company is responsible for the decoration quality supervision, which avoids the blindness of the customer's decoration consultation.
5. Project supervision
Users can entrust the supervision company to assist in signing the family renovation contract, so as to avoid being deceived without knowing the truth, and the supervision company will check the quality of the whole project.
Select materials
Select decoration materials according to the contract and environmental protection requirements; You can entrust a consulting company to choose decorative materials and buy high-quality materials, and you can get preferential treatment.
7. Construction technology and acceptance
According to renovation contract, the supervision company will check and accept the home decoration project in stages, and local supervisors who don't know the construction team can give on-site guidance.