Building monomer
The layout of Huizhou folk houses is basically square, and most of them are flat rectangular patios. The houses in the unit are surrounded on three sides or four sides, with the axis centered and the hatchbacks symmetrical. The main room is generally three rooms wide, and the bright room has a patio. There are wings on both sides, which can accommodate people or play a role in regulating daily life. The roofs of residential houses in Huizhou area are almost all two-way sloping roofs, covered with blue tiles, and there are also one-way sloping roofs with different widths in the annex houses. Gables are mostly hard mountain-closing volcanic walls with rich shapes. The outstanding local feature of Huizhou folk houses in decoration and sculpture is to cut down the beam with an axe and make it into a moon beam. Generally, the beam section is thick, and the beam head is shallowly engraved with a groove curve, which looks like a crescent moon. In addition, the window sash is neat and beautiful, and the wooden fence under the window is finely carved. A continuous row of windows set off between large wooden walls, which are particularly delicate and meticulous in comparison with each other. The external brick carving, whether it appears on the door window or on the courtyard partition, is a masterpiece of art. Huizhou folk houses adopt the combination of the bucket-through structure nested in the trunk and the beam-lifting structure of the northern quadrangle, and each has its own needs. This kind of mixed wood frame not only meets the functional division of residential space, but also gives full play to the mechanical properties of the two kinds of wood frames. The indoor partition wall is inlaid between the columns with wooden boards. Generally, the ceiling is not used, and the joist floor is used as the floor.
Streets and alleys
Most of the streets and lanes in Huizhou are not straight, and the penetration distance is not far. Streets and alleys in different directions are intertwined into a traffic network. Don't get lost, you need to rely on the signs in the street, where a stone and a well are all signs of people's positioning. In addition, Huizhou street order itself can also form a sense of direction, which is an annular multi-level network system of main street, roadway and roadway. The streets and lanes in Huizhou are dense, and the width changes in a soothing state, so the continuity is good, and it presents a variety of characteristics.
Streets and alleys intersect to form nodes, and the starting and ending points of streets and alleys also form nodes. Nodes can be divided into different levels. Ordinary small nodes are only the turning point and connection point of roadway, and large nodes can be developed into centers and small squares. The starting point is the prelude to the beginning of streets and lanes, and it is very symbolic and instructive to do more height difference changes. The intersection of streets and alleys makes roads connect and turn, giving people direction. Intersections are densely spaced according to the space requirements of the whole street, which makes the street unified, continuous and changeable. The expansion of the intersection can also form various centers, such as life center, sacrifice center and communication center. The sudden opening of the central space has well adjusted the overall closure and depth of the roadway.
village
Huizhou villages, which are composed of traditional houses, are surrounded by mountains and waters, mountains and waters, and mountains and waters. Villages are generally located on gentle slopes and gradually extend with the terrain and road direction. Generally speaking, the traditional villages in Huizhou take mountains as the skeleton of streams, and streams are the blood of villages. The residential area is skillfully combined with the surrounding environment, and the village develops along the stream, forming a beautiful village style.
Generally speaking, Huizhou villages are closed to the outside world, and their layout mainly has three forms: one is linear layout. This layout is completed by buildings along the road, or extended by the axial relationship of buildings. There is always a trunk line in the linear layout, which has a strong sense of sequence, and houses can generally get a good orientation and scenery. Linear layout When the trunk line is too long, traffic and life are slightly inconvenient. The second is decentralized layout. In the mountainous environment with complex terrain, residential buildings are in suitable areas and scattered. The scattered layout can hide the building in the mountains, which is conducive to maintaining the natural features, and is very suitable for the form of small natural villages, such as breaking the dawn on the garden. However, this method is sometimes chaotic, and the household contact is not close. The third is the agglomeration layout. Suitable for villages and towns of different sizes. This layout method occupies less land and is compact, and it is more closed because of the concentration of buildings, such as Pingshan in Anxian County.
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