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Fire protection layer, also known as fire protection layer, is the design details of buildings, such as skyscrapers. It is built for the purpose of fire fighting, which can effectively block the spread of fire and can also be used as a temporary shelter for people in case of fire.
According to Hong Kong's fire protection regulations, the floors of residential buildings are as high as 25 floors, so developers have to set up fire barriers between floors. If the height of a building is higher than the lowest ground floor by more than 25 stories, but not more than 40 stories, the roof of the building concerned can be regarded as a fire shelter.
At present, real estate developers love to use the fire layer as the hanging garden as the selling point of real estate. The building is a transparent space with no windows and external walls, only electric lights, which are brightly lit 24 hours a day. In normal operation, the elevator door of the building should not be opened on the fire evacuation floor, but should always be locked until the fire switch is started. [ 1]
From the perspective of geomantic omen, it is not suitable to live upstairs, because the fireproof layer will be impacted by airflow for a long time, which will make the atmosphere unstable and affect the stability of wealth accumulation. In addition, if you live next to a building with a fire barrier, you should also be aware that "lighting" may affect the quality of sleep.
The fire barrier of skyscrapers is located at the height that local ladder trucks can reach.
Refuge floor
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The refuge floor is a floor used as a fire shelter in a high-rise building. Generally, high-rise buildings with a building height of more than 1OOm are specially set up for fire safety for people to evacuate and take refuge. Smoke-proof stairs passing through the refuge floor should be separated at the refuge floor, dislocated at the same floor or disconnected from the upper and lower floors, but people must pass through the refuge floor. So that people can escape safely when they are in danger.
Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings
GB 50045-95
6. 1. 13 Public buildings with a building height exceeding 100m shall be provided with refuge floors (rooms) and meet the following requirements:
6. 1. 13. 1 The setting of the refuge floor from the first floor to the first floor or between two refuge floors of a high-rise building should not exceed 15.
6. 1. 13.2 The net area of the refuge floor shall meet the requirements of the designed asylum seekers and shall be calculated as 5.00 persons /m2.
6. 1. 13.3 The refuge floor can also be used as the equipment floor, but the equipment and pipelines should be arranged centrally.
6. 1. 13.4 The refuge floor shall be provided with fire elevator exits.
6. 1. 13.5 The refuge floor shall be equipped with special fire telephones, fire hydrants and fire reels.
6. 1. 13.6 Independent smoke prevention facilities shall be set up in the closed refuge floor.
6. 1. 13.7 Emergency broadcasting and emergency lighting shall be set on the refuge floor, with power supply time not less than 1.00h and illumination not less than1.00lx.
The problem of refuge floor (room) in the relevant specifications of Opinions on Several Problems of Fire Protection in Super High-rise Building Design (Hu Xiaofang [2002] No.333);
1. 1 The smoke-proof stairwell leading to the refuge floor (room) may not be separated in the refuge floor (room), misplaced on the same floor or connected with the upper and lower floors, but it shall meet the following requirements:
The stairwell of 1. 1. 1 should be provided with a door directly entering the refuge floor (room);
1. 1.2 The door of the refuge floor (room) shall be a Class B fire door that closes by itself and opens in the direction of the refuge floor (room);
1. 1.3 stairwells should be provided with light evacuation signs such as emergency lighting for fire accidents and floor display of refuge floor, and the minimum ground illumination should not be less than 5LX.
The stairwell should be equipped with 1. 1.4 emergency broadcast to broadcast the floor position of the refuge floor (room) in case of fire.
1.2 When the refuge room is attached to the floors used by offices, guest rooms and other personnel, it shall meet the following requirements:
1.2. 1 No public gathering places such as song and dance entertainment screening places, shopping malls, and places where open flames are directly used, such as kitchens, are allowed on the floors where shelters are set;
1.2.2 the refuge room should be separated from other rooms on this floor by a firewall, and no other door opening is allowed in the refuge room except the door facing the smoke-proof stairwell or its front room.
1.3 When the refuge floor doubles as the equipment floor, its setting shall meet the following requirements:
1.3. 1 The engine room, shaft and refuge floor shall be separated by a firewall or walkway with a fire resistance limit of not less than 1h;
1.3.2 Except for the water pump house and water supply pipeline, other pipelines and equipment should not be directly laid on the refuge floor;
1.3.3 The inspection door in the machine room should open to the public walkway, and should not directly open to the refuge floor.
1.4 when using the roof of the podium to set the refuge floor, the following requirements shall be met:
1.4. 1 No glass curtain wall shall be set on the external wall of the main building facing the podium roof;
1.4.2 The walkway leading from the stairwell to the refuge floor should be separated to the floor or beam bottom by a solid wall with a fire resistance of not less than 3h. There should be no more than three room doors leading to the aisle, and Class A fire doors that can be closed by themselves should be set and opened to the room.
1.5 other fire prevention measures shall be implemented according to the national standard code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings (GB50045-95).
Setting of fire prevention measures for super high-rise residential buildings;
2. 1 The front room (shared front room) of the fire elevator and the smoke-proof stairwell are provided with mechanical pressurized air supply system, and the windows on the external wall are fixed windows.
2.2 When there is no mechanical pressurized air supply system in the stairwell, there should be no more than three doors directly leading to the front room (shared front room), and one of the following conditions should be met:
2.2. 1 The front rooms of the stairwell are all open balconies, concave corridors or front rooms (shared front rooms), and the external windows can be opened in different directions.
2.2.2 The external wall of stairwell shall be provided with fixed louvers with an area of not less than 2m-2 and a top floor of not less than 0.8m2 every five floors, and its independent front room shall be provided with openable external windows or mechanical pressurized air supply system.
2.3 The setting of fire control facilities in public areas shall meet the following requirements:
2.3. 1 public places such as walkways, elevator halls, smoke-proof anterooms and stairwells should be equipped with automatic sprinkler systems and automatic fire alarm systems, which can be connected with indoor fire hydrant systems;
2.3.2 The stairwell and the smoke prevention front room (shared front room) should be provided with emergency lighting;
2.3.3 Evacuation signs shall be set for the evacuation walkways and safety exits;
2.3.4 In addition to the indoor fire hydrant system, fire reels should also be set.
2.4 The setting of indoor fire control facilities shall meet the following requirements:
2.4. 1 All rooms except the bathroom are equipped with automatic fire alarm systems, and all other rooms are equipped with smoke detectors except the kitchen;
2.4.2 The kitchen shall be equipped with combustible gas concentration detector and linked with emergency cut-off valve;
2.4.3 When a central air-conditioning system with air ducts is installed indoors, when the air ducts pass through the partition wall between rooms or units, an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in every room except the bathroom, and a sprinkler shall be installed at a distance of 1m from the door.
2.5 When the front room of the smoke-proof stairwell is an open corridor, the doorway leading to the corridor should be a Class B fire door; When the front room of the smoke-proof stairwell is an open balcony, the doors and windows opening to the balcony can be provided with ordinary doors and windows, but sliding doors or side sliding doors are not allowed.
2.6 It is forbidden to lay flammable gas pipes in the smoke-proof stairwell and its front room (shared front room), and there should be no flammable substances (including pipe insulation materials) in the natural smoke-exhausting corridor of the smoke-proof stairwell and its front room (shared front room), balcony and smoke-proof stairwell.
Most white-collar workers' concept of refuge floor
According to China's fire regulations, every 15 floor of a high-rise civil building with a height of 100 meters should be provided with a refuge floor. However, the reporter recently found in an interview with CBD where high-rise office buildings gather that many white-collar workers know nothing about the concept of refuge floor.
90% of white-collar workers have never heard of foreigners, but they all know them.
"Fire bunker? Never heard of it! " This is the most feedback that reporters get in interviews.
Around Jianguomen, Guo Mao and Chaoyangmen, the reporter randomly asked 100 white-collar workers in an office building with a height of 100, and only less than 10% of them "knew" about it.
White-collar workers generally say that they work in high-rise buildings and are most concerned about whether the elevator is enough. Since the Wenchuan earthquake, people will be more concerned about the seismic grade of buildings. Whenever a reporter mentioned "fire shelter", white-collar workers almost frowned. Repeat these five words, think again, and then shake their heads and say "I don't know".