Dai people call the building where they live "hen", which evolved from "roast hum". "Roast Hum" literally translates as "Phoenix spreads its wings". According to legend, in ancient times, Dai people did not have houses, but lived in caves or deep forests. Later, a man named Paya Samuti built a flat-topped hut with leaves and grass, but he couldn't live in rainy days. One day, while Paya Samuti was struggling to build a house, a beautiful phoenix braved the wind and rain and flew in. The phoenix spreads its wings in a "human" shape. When the phoenix bowed its head and trailed, the herringbone wings were just covered, and the phoenix was caught in the rain, just like the shape of a two-story building on the ground. Therefore, Paya Samuti was inspired to build this high-rise residence with bamboo and wood according to the trend of phoenix getting wet in the rain. This kind of building can not only prevent rain and moisture, but also prevent wild animals. He named this building "Baking Chun" and passed it on to future generations.
In order to remember Payasamuti, people renamed "Kao Hum" as "Very Payasamuti". Later, with the continuous improvement of housing forms, people called bamboo buildings of various styles "extraordinary". Before liberation, under the influence of the feudal lords system of the Dai nationality, there were different levels of people and houses among the Dai people. There is an old rule in Dai areas that "people are very welcome to come here" (meaning that people's houses should be different from official houses). At that time, the main living room was called "Drinking Call" and "Drinking Call" was spacious and tall, with more than 100 wooden columns and two wooden ladders, all above 10. The living room of the poor can only be limited to 40 wooden columns, and the ladder can't exceed 9 levels. Widowed people can only live in a low room with three stairs. Even in a family, the housing of separated children generally cannot exceed that of their parents. At that time, within a family, the Dai family lived as a "hen", mainly in three forms (or three levels):
First of all, it is very old and prestigious in Payasumuti. According to the ancient tradition, this kind of building is mostly lived by the elders in the family. This kind of building is characterized by high building rooms, which can generally be equipped with 9 stairs; A small attic can be built on the roof. The structure of the whole bamboo building is as follows: the wooden column below the building is 6 feet high (called Yaoxisuo in Dai), and the height above the building is 6.5 feet higher than the bottom of the building. There is no word frame structure, and several beams are used to support purlins between wood owners.
Second, it's numb. Traditionally, this kind of building is mostly occupied by the son of a single household. The height is two or three feet lower than that of Hepaya Samudi, and the purlin is supported by a straight frame. According to records, this architectural form was rebuilt on the basis of Payasumuti by Mahathir, a businessman, after absorbing foreign architectural forms. So the structure of the whole building is similar to that of Hepaya Samuti.
Third, it is very popular. Most of the people living in these buildings are children who have just left the poor peasants. The gate is a building with herringbone structure. Its height is shorter than the first two, generally only stairs below 8 floors are set, there is no small attic on the roof, and the whole building has only four corners.
After liberation, with the complete abolition of the Lord system, the hierarchical division between people gradually disappeared, and the level of housing also disappeared accordingly. Nowadays, it is common to live in a tall and spacious tile-wood building, but it is still called a bamboo building. Its shape is unique and beautiful. The external image of the bamboo house is a huge tent, built on wooden pillars standing on the ground, and the roof is like a "hole hat". The room for people to live is 5-6 feet from the ground and is set in the middle of dozens of wooden columns. There are many wooden columns at the bottom of the building, which are surrounded by wooden boards or separated by bamboo fences. An ugly board divides the room in half. It's called "Huang Wen" and it's the bedroom where the family sleeps. The family has lived in separate beds for generations, lying on the floor, and outsiders are not allowed to enter. The outside is called "Huang Na", which is more spacious than the bedroom. "Huang Na" is a hall with a fireplace outside. It is not only a place to sue guests ... >>
Question 2: Introduce the characteristics and customs of Dai bamboo houses. There are 55 ethnic minorities in China, among which I am most interested in the Dai people. Dai people, also known as white people, are scattered in most parts of Yunnan. Dai folk houses are quite different from those of other ethnic minorities. Dai people's residential buildings are mainly bamboo buildings, with two floors. Piles, floors and walls are all made of wood and bamboo. The roof is covered with thatch and tiles, and people live on the upper floor, raising livestock and stacking farm tools or other items. Dai costumes are also very distinctive. Dai men usually wear collarless double-breasted shirts and long-sleeved trousers wrapped in white or blue cloth. Dai women's clothing varies from place to place, but it is basically characterized by bunches of hair, skirts and shirts. The skirt is ankle-deep, the clothes are tight and short, the hem only reaches the waist, but the sleeves are long and narrow. Dai snacks also have local characteristics. Dai people take rice as their staple food and love glutinous rice. The most distinctive thing is bamboo rice. Dai people also have many special barbecues, such as A Dai-style citronella grilled fish. Generally, the washed fish is wrapped in citronella and then barbecued on the fire. After roasting, the fish is full of fragrance. It's really mouth watering! The most important festival of the Dai people is the Water Splashing Festival, which is actually the New Year of the Dai people and one of the most solemn traditional festivals in Xishuangbanna. It is usually held around Tomb-Sweeping Day. During the Songkran Festival, the wetter you get, the more blessings you receive. A pot of water represents a pot of blessing. This is the Dai nationality, which is one of the traditional ethnic minorities with strong national cultural characteristics in China.
Question 3: What do Dai people pay attention to when building bamboo houses? What are the customs? To sum it up briefly. Zhulou is an ancient residence of Dai people in Xishuangbanna, which is a dry-column building. Dai people call this dry fence building "very", which means "Phoenix spreads its wings". According to legend, the inventor and founder of the bamboo house is the ancient youth Paya Samuti. He is brave and kind, and wants to build a bamboo house for the Dai family with rich local bamboo, so that people will no longer inhabit the jungle and tree trunks. He thought hard all day, conceived several times, experimented several times and failed several times. One day, it rained heavily and Paya Samuti happened to see a dog lying on the ground. Rainwater flows down from top to bottom along the thick dog hair, but there is no water on the dog. Inspired by this, he first tried to build a sloping doghead hut. Later, the heavenly king Bai Yaying turned into a phoenix and kept waving his wings at him, asking him to make the roof zigzag. Phoenix shook his head again, indicating that both sides of the house should be covered with things to shelter people from the wind and rain. Phoenix also suggested to Paya Sang Mu that she wanted to build the house into a high-rise building with two floors. Paya Sammuti built a house for the people according to the will of the king of heaven, and finally built a Daijia bamboo building standing like a golden peacock. The image of the bamboo house is a huge tent, built on wooden pillars standing on the ground. There are many wooden columns at the bottom of the building, and there is no shelter around them. It is specially used for raising livestock and poultry and stacking firewood and sundries. Buildings are either boarded up or fenced with bamboo fences. There is a corridor outside the building, with a wooden ladder on one side and an outdoor balcony on the other. There are pots and pans filled with water on the balcony, and there are railings for family members to wash and bathe. Because the four feet of the bamboo building are suspended, winds from all directions can blow from the feet, making the house dry and breathable. People in the room will feel comfortable and cool if they step barefoot on the cool bamboo woven floor or sit on the floor and drink a few mouthfuls of herbal tea. Under the herringbone roof, there are four roofs, stacked on top of each other. There are partition walls, or grating plates or bamboo plates around the building inside the door, which divide the building into two rooms. The outside room is called "Huang Na" (main room). On one side is a fireplace, which is a place for cooking, heating and receiving visitors, just like the living room of a modern house; The inner room is called "Huang Wen", which is the bedroom of the whole family. There is only a thick mat in the bedroom, and there is no bedstead. There is a slight distance between beds, separated by black cloth curtains. Generally, "yellow warmth" does not allow outsiders to break in without authorization. Dai's bamboo buildings are all built independently, with neat and beautiful bamboo fences as the courtyard walls, and some have also built low walls as the courtyard walls. To mark the extent of the courtyard. Flowers and fruits are planted in the courtyard, banana leaves are "fanned", bamboo is the foil, fruit trees are the shade, and flowers are the ornament. Bamboo house is like a garden. Ganlan Bamboo House can avoid the invasion of underground moisture and the fumigation of surface heat, and it is a very comfortable room in tropical and * * belt areas. Dai villages are all near the water's edge of Pingba, on both sides of the river by the stream and around lakes and swamps. Where there are bamboo and green trees, there must be Dai villages. There are two or three hundred families living in the big stockade, and there are only a dozen people in the small village. Houses are single buildings, surrounded by open spaces, and each family has its own yard. The houses in Longteng border are bungalows with multi-layer walls, and each house is separated by three rooms, which are divided into bedroom and living room. This is obviously influenced by * * *, which is no longer an inherent form of the Dai people; The boundary of Sipu is all bamboo buildings and wooden frames, where people live above and livestock live below. The style is similar to a big tent, which is completely consistent with the situation of "nesting in South Vietnam" recorded in Huainanzi, and it is also the "dry column" residence of the ancient Liao people who lived by trees and building blocks recorded in historical books. This is a typical Dai architecture.
Question 4: Which province is the Dai bamboo house in Yunnan?
Dai/Shan nationality, also known as Bai nationality before ethnic identification, is one of the ethnic minorities in China. Scattered in most parts of Yunnan. Dai people usually like to live in big river basins, dam areas and tropical areas. According to the national census in 2006, the population of Dai people in China is 654.38+260,000. Dai nationality has a long history and is closely related to Zhuang, Dong, Shui, Buyi, Li, Maonan and Gelao nationalities. , belonging to Zhuang Dong language family. They are descendants of Baiyue and Luoyue nationalities. It has the same sub-region, economic life, cultural customs and national characteristics, and still retains a large number of cognates and the same grammatical structure in language.
Hope to adopt!