In 1 190, at the age of 43, Zhao Dun, the emperor of Song Guangzong, abdicated from his father and took the throne, renamed himself "Shao Xi". Therefore, the imperial examination in the first year was particularly grand, and there were a lot of scholars selected, 557 people, only 592 people who had been on the avenue for five years. This is none other than Yu Fu, the thirteenth generation descendant of the Yu family in Fujian, who topped the "Dragonfly List" in the year of reform at the end of Yuan Dynasty. This time, his cousin was lucky enough to become a famous scholar in Tiandi.
Uncle Yu Fuzi, a foreigner from Yang Shan, Gutian County, Fujian Province, followed his father who studied in museums for a living and came to Changxi, now Ningde, along the road where Zhu left Mo Xiang. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court made it a national policy to emphasize literature over martial arts, and "set up schools in the world". Poor students also have the opportunity to go to school, and school children can study with peace of mind. When Yu Dafu became an adult, he studied under Zhang, a famous Confucian and Neo-Confucianism scholar in central Fujian, and achieved great success in his studies. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty was in a peaceful corner, and the political center moved south to Hangzhou, so it was more convenient for Fujian students to go to Hangzhou to take the imperial examination. Therefore, Fujian's "talented people in the Song Dynasty" won 765,438+044 Jinshi (recorded in the history of imperial examinations), and Yu Fu of Yang Shan was moved by the light of the right time and place.
There used to be a saying that the pancreatic orders of Gutian Ningde counties argued endlessly about this champion, but they actually could not stand scrutiny. Gutian county annals can't find any records about the champion.
Yu's ancestral temple, Yu's Chanlin Temple, is a rare thousand-year-old temple in the whole province and even the whole country, with a large number of talents. Yu Dafu said in Xi 'an Temple Story that "since the Shang Dynasty, my ancestors have been arrested for generations, and the grandchildren of the twelfth generation have been sealed off, and they have lost their eternal glory." In addition to Yu, the champion, the descendants of Yu's cicada forest temple once gave birth to a number of decision-making figures in political affairs, such as Yu Jing, Prime Minister, and Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry, and more than 50 literati.
Why does a family only live in a small village and there are so many talented people in history? It is necessary to explore Yu's cultivation of future generations and his historical concern for them.
In 968 AD, Yu Renchun, the sixth descendant of the Yu family, retired from the position of magistrate of Yongzhen (now Luoyuan) and returned to his hometown. Although he said, "I am very happy to return to my hometown, and my family is poor and secure. I have three or five acres of land to grow bamboo as a fishing rod", but in action, I have devoted my life savings to building a learning museum in the north of the village. Lantian Academy, founded by Yu Renchun, started with a family school. After many reconstructions, it became the highest institution of learning in Yang Shan, and the children of Luoji Village went to Pan Pan to study. After the completion of Lantian College, Yu Renchun felt that with the school, it was necessary to provide students with material conditions for going to school. "Ren Chungong left more than 70 acres of land, and 80 stones went into the valley" for children and grandchildren to study when they were 18 years old. These fields are the best paddy fields in Pingzhou and Woye, and they are called "oil lamp fields" at home, which means to add lights and fuel to children studying. They are only allowed to take turns farming, never selling, only increasing. After the harvest every year, except for the annual sacrifice to ancestors, the rest is used as the reward for the children and grandchildren of the family to study. This kind of reward is sometimes considerable: if there is only one person studying in the family that year, all the income will go to this person, and if there are two people studying in the next year, it will be divided equally. And so on. So later, when children and grandchildren read more books, their share gradually decreased, so each branch jointly purchased land as the "oil lamp field" of this department. In this way, no matter whether the family is rich or poor, all children who can study hard receive the same support from the whole family, and many students are fortunate enough to win the double "oil lamp award" for ancestral home and housing distribution. This laid a solid material foundation for the reading of Yu's descendants, and this custom lasted for hundreds of years until the late Republic of China.
Blue sky academy not only occupies a favorable geographical position, but also is a godsend opportunity twice. In the eleventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu, a famous Neo-Confucianism master from Fujian, came here to give lectures, and students from all over the country gathered here. Lantian Academy has become the base of Neo-Confucianism in eastern Fujian, so Yang Shan scholars are ambitious and thriving. 13 years later, due to the "party disaster", Zhu once again came to this remote safe haven. His elder brother Lin Yongzhong of Gutian, Yu Yu and Yu Liang of Yang Shan, and his son-in-law Huang Gan, who followed him around, have been carefully protected and cared for, so that he can sit back and relax, give lectures with peace of mind, and devote himself wholeheartedly to teaching and writing. During this period, Zhu wrote "Dongzhai Zhi" for Lantian College, which recorded: "Eight of the ten senior brothers gathered in Lantian College and taught in various colleges based on" Dongzhai ". People are all over Fujian, with Li in the east and Huang and Wei in the west, which is more than enough. Poems and rites are handed down from family to family, and the righteousness is well known "(in" Inscription and Narrative Monument of Yangshan Village, Fujian ").
"The land is a famous mountain", and Yang Shan in Lantian "left Zhu Ziyang's legacy since Song Dynasty", "Humanism worships filial piety, and the poor family also becomes a Confucian" (recorded in Gutian County Records of the Republic of China). In the ten years before and after Zhu's visit, in addition to Yu Fu's top scholar, there were also Yu Liang's uncle, Yu Renchun's sixth grandson, Shi's sixth Sun Yuyan, and senior high school top scholars such as Yu and Yu.
Yu Dafu, who is confident that "his chest is full of stars and his writing is full of dumplings", can't restrain his joy when he sees that he has really reached the top. It is said that he once casually sang:
The poem "a silver vase offers a new inkstone and a new robe, and a thousand troops have their own gods." The first place is me, and I will never tolerate anyone. " .
Some people say that because this poem was denounced, Yu Fu offended the son of heaven and was finally demoted. Careful analysis is not entirely true. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was issued in February, and the imperial examination was held in March. The fish is the first, and the poem was also sung at that time. If you are reported, you will not be rated as the No.1 scholar after one month. The actual situation can be seen in Yu's Genealogy: "Yu Fu, less from Han Shu Zhang, learned from Zhou Guan, in the first year, Guangzong called it straightforward and not arrogant, and put it in the first place." It was Emperor Guangzong who took a fancy to his integrity and selflessness and was chosen as the top scholar. As for the demotion of official positions, I don't know the way of demotion in Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jinshi in high schools generally only awarded officials with nine grades or less, but when they arrived, they were favored, but the top three were only awarded to small officials such as Tong Yu (quoted from China's Official Selection System in Past Dynasties). Yufu was named the southern section of Xuanyilang Town, and was named as a six-product official position, with good treatment. Eight years later, Ning's Yu Fu entered the National History Museum as a clerk and reviewer, and wrote books such as The Book of Rites, Classic Theory and Zuo Jinglue for the Secretary Province. To the old age, "the official returned to find a good family to win the garden and build a porch to praise the students and celebrate the end of the year" ("Gutian County Records and Biography of People in the Republic of China"). Judging from the poems, the sentences are simple and vulgar, unlike those written by the top scholar. Therefore, the troubles caused by Yu Fu's poems are groundless and belong to the category of "folk stories", which is not credible. .
Throughout the history of China, the imperial examination of 1300 years has produced more than 880 champions, but only a handful of them can really go down in history. There are poems by Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan's words in the Song Dynasty and Zhang Xiaoxiang's words in the Song Dynasty, all of which clearly show Weng Tonghe's courage. There are both Wen Tianxiang's "keeping the heart of Dan as a historical record" and Qin Gui's traitorous pursuit of glory. Not many people are really familiar with it. It can be seen that the champion is not a god, but an example of the struggle of scholars. There is a unique "famous stone" in the main hall of the three ancestral halls of Yangshan. When a high school champion from a clan returned to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors, this "fame stone" was opened, and only Yu Fu in zenrinji could enjoy this honor. At that time, the ancestors presupposed that this stone was full of expectations and spurs for their family descendants, with good intentions.
We can also find other information about Yu by reading Yu's Genealogy. His tomb is located in Aoping at the foot of Zhangjinshan Mountain in Jiudugui Village, Ningde, but it has not been found so far, and the memorial archway of Zhuangyuan Street built in Ningde Old Street has long since disappeared. Only Yu Fu, when he was first appointed as the judge of Hongzhou, said at the farewell dinner table of Lantian clan on the floor: "Although the wonder of Yunheling is true, isn't the Xinghe Sect passive?"