People talk about Peking University and Tsinghua, but few people regard these two campuses as "worth visiting" landscapes.
Reward the author for not only doing this, but also setting a tour route and drawing a tour map for pronunciation. More importantly, make
The landscape of the two campuses was compared in depth.
One is full of western flavor, and the other is China classical garden, but the design competition between China and foreign countries comes from an American architect.
Murphy's hand. It was American architect Henry K Murphy who established the first campus style for Tsinghua Campus and Yanyuan Garden.
Tsinghua campus is full of western flavor because of him, and Yanyuan is full of poetic and picturesque China classical literati garden because of him.
19 14, this is probably the first time to China. When Murphy planned the Tsinghua campus, he put together the well-preserved Chinese garden "Tsinghua Campus".
"(I-shaped hall) avoid it gently and save it as it is. In its east and north, the West Garden, which he is familiar with, was established.
Lin's techniques: big lawn, long axis and western architecture. Therefore, during the period of191-1920, the auditorium is a department.
Early buildings composed of western-style courtyards, such as Academy, Party Department, Tsinghua School, Gymnasium and Library, were completed one after another. These buildings
Most of them are made of red bricks, which sets an obvious tone for the central campus. Teachers and students in Tsinghua like to call it "red"
Area ".
By 1920, Murphy, who had been "groping" in China for several years, probably knew something about the classical garden architecture in China.
Solution, and attracted by it. When planning the yenching university campus, he skillfully used China's classical gardening techniques:
According to local conditions, multi-axis interspersed, scattered layout of the building yard. He will be the main entrance (west gate) of the campus and the main teaching building group (north)
The area around public buildings is arranged in the west, and the western hills are surrounded by the unnamed lake. In the north, boys' dormitories are arranged (now Germany, talent, equality and equipment)
), sports venues and public facilities will be arranged in the east, and public activity houses will be arranged in the vast areas in the south (now the south and north pavilions).
, teaching room (now Russian building), girls' dormitory (now one to six hospitals), staff dormitory (Yannan Park); Porcelain is used in this building.
In traditional style, pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions and even the commanding heights of the campus are designed as brick towers with dense eaves in Tongzhou.
Type, in the southeast corner of the unnamed lake. In this way, we arrived at 1929, a building with mountains and lakes, towers and pavilions, and pink walls and red columns, which was antique.
The garden-style campus in China was basically completed.
Murphy's initial planning part can be described as a final decision, and now it has become the most distinctive environmental landscape of the two schools respectively. such
The characteristics have also been inherited and carried forward by the new planners of the two schools, thus forming their own unique campus environment.
The Science and Technology Museum in Tsinghua and the Red Mansion in Peking University are the places worth visiting and remembering, and they are important towns in the history of science and culture in China.
In Huayuan, next to the main school road that runs across the east and west, there is a white "archway" with three arches, and two Taurik Western styles are embedded on each side of the arch.
There are three Chinese characters "Tsinghua Campus" inscribed by Na Tong, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty. Tsinghua was the main school gate at the beginning of its establishment.
The school gate is a strange building with smooth and fine lines, tall and beautiful, and it is particularly beautiful under the care of two ancient cypresses behind it.
Beautiful and meaningful. Qian Zhongshu was admitted as an exception and walked through here; Chartered by Ye, Dean of Tsinghua College of Science, and by the boy in the grocery store.
Hua, who entered the department of mathematics directly as a document, also walked here. During the Cultural Revolution, this building was symbolic.
Our building was once replaced by a huge statue of Chairman Mao. After the reform and opening up, Mao Zedong stepped down from the altar and the second school gate was re-established.
In the second school gate, through the forest vagina, suddenly a large green lawn appeared in front. On the other side of the lawn, stand firm, stand firm.
Located in the towering auditorium, there is an antique dome, a red solid wall and four white marble pillars supporting it.
White porches and glittering bronze doors. Between the blue sky and the green grass, the auditorium gives people an indomitable, energetic and practical feeling.
Feeling. It is a symbol of Tsinghua campus and has long been regarded as a symbol of Tsinghua people's character by teachers and students in Tsinghua. But on the big lawn
At the southern tip, 1920 alumni presented the words "Facts speak louder than words" engraved on the Japanese monster, which also reflected the simple and enterprising nature of Tsinghua teachers and students.
The characteristics of the case appear.
On the east side of the lawn, there is a "gathering place for like-minded people"-Tongfang Department and Tsinghua School. Tsinghua school is on the second floor.
German classical style building with blue bricks and red tiles, steep slope top and exquisite details. The entrance is at the corner, and it says Na Tong.
The word "Tsinghua School" has a kind of school flower-bauhinia swaying in the wind in spring. Since 1925, the school has added "Chinese studies" here.
Institute ",the famous" four famous teachers "-Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen,,, and famous archaeologists.
Li Ji, writer Wu Mi and others gathered here and trained a whole generation of "Sinology" researchers. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Liang Sicheng was
The director's Tsinghua Department of Architecture moved into this building, which once became the special department library of the Department of Architecture. At that time, as soon as I walked into the lobby and corridor of the building, I just
This strong cultural atmosphere will be greeted by a dazzling array of famous paintings and strange carvings, which will make people feel relaxed and happy.
On the west side of the lawn and southwest of the auditorium, there is an ordinary three-story building with dark red brick walls and gray slope tops, except
Above the gate are gold fonts: "SCIENCEBUILDING" and "Science", with little decoration. This is China in the 20th century.
Buildings that cannot be ignored in the history of science. Ye, Wu, Sabendong, Zhou Peiyuan,
Qian Sanqiang, Wang Tuchang, Wang Zhuxi, Qian Weichang, Zhu Guangya, Zhou,,, Zhao Jiuzhang,
From the list of talented scientists in China and even the world, there is nothing we can do.
Pay tribute to this building. Standing in front of this building, it is easy to think of the famous red building in Peking University and the beach in Beijing.
It is connected with the Red Chamber of famous artists such as Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi, Li Dali, Lu Xun, Chen Duxiu, Qian and Gu Hongming. real
In fact, in a sense, the Tsinghua Science Museum and the Red Chamber of Peking University have the same weight in the cultural history of China.
The expansion project of Tsinghua Library hosted by Heguan is a model of dialogue between new buildings and old buildings.
The library behind the auditorium exudes a strong book fragrance. The back of teachers and students passing by in a hurry is flashing with academic firewood.
Yes. The first project of Tsinghua Library was built in 19 16, and then expanded twice in 1930 and 1989. Both expansions show that
It reflects the designer's high respect for old buildings, and is innovative, enjoying a high reputation in the history of modern architecture in China. first time
The designer of the expansion is Tsinghua alumnus Yang Yanbao, who, together with Liang Sicheng, is known as "South Yang and North Liang" and is an outstanding architect in China.
The second expansion was designed by Professor Guan of Tsinghua Institute of Architecture. Although it was expanded twice, the designer is
Pay full attention to the coordination with old buildings in terms of volume and material details, such as using warm red brick walls and symbols of brick arched doors and windows.
Wait, the whole building gives people the feeling of being integrated. Yang Yanbao is connected with the old building through the elevated hall, and Guan Zhao
Nozawa forms a dialogue with the old buildings through the courtyard surrounded by new and old buildings, that is, the entrance space avoided by the virtual body, both of which are very important.
Smart, amazing. Yang Tingbao designed the entrance space (entrance hall) to the second floor through the front steps, but the entrance hall didn't.
Large, but antique arch coupons and floor details and beautiful curved stairs make people feel a warm cultural atmosphere. but
The entrance courtyard designed by Guan is characterized by tranquility, especially in the morning, students queuing to enter the museum and the crystal clear courtyard.
The fountain is even more intoxicating, because this courtyard has a mellow humanistic atmosphere.
Seven years ago, Zhu Ziqing wrote "The Prose in the History of Literature" in the moonlight beside the Spring Garden in Tsinghua, facing the lotus pond.
Lotus pond moonlight
In the west of the auditorium, there is a quiet pond named "Shui Mu Tsinghua". Xie Kun, a poet in A Jin, said: "The wind and waves are complex and white."
Yun Tunzeng, Han Shangshun, Shui Mu Zhan Qinghua. The word "Tsinghua" came from this. The back building of I-shaped hall has changed so far.
It is the main corridor around "Tsinghua, Shui Mu", and it has been hung for a day: "The scenery outside is extraordinary, summer, autumn and winter, all in the window."
Yunying is a fairy house from east to west and from north to south. "The small pond makes people feel that the space is open. Baizhu
I sat on the north side of the pond and watched a pool of stagnant water change in thousands of ways in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
"On the winding lotus pond, I look forward to the leaves of Tian Tian ..." Mention Zhu Ziqing, which reminds people of the moonlight in the lotus pond.
The scene written in ". /kloc-one summer night in 0/927, Mr. Zhu Ziqing stood near the ruins of Chunyuan (a desert island) in Tsinghua campus.
I was moved by the lotus in the moonlight, so I went back and wrote that beautiful and refined article "Moonlight in the Lotus Pond". Today's famine
The small island surrounded by water is still full of lotus roots. When the lotus blooms in summer and June, the whole island is fragrant. There are tall cypresses and poplars on the island.
Buildings such as "Moonlight Pavilion on the Lotus Pond" and "Han Pavilion" are reflected in it, and statues such as Confucius and Wu Han are buried in the shadows.
Teachers and students of books. On a moonlit summer night, the outdoor dance floor next to the Korean Pavilion is full of lotus fragrance and dancing, which is Tsinghua people.
One of my favorite places to go.
At present, it has almost become a fashion for students from Peking University and Tsinghua to study abroad. I once joked that it was designed by American Murphy.
Both schools are related to "Feng Shui". You see: Almost all the buildings in Tsinghua campus are Western-style. Growing up in such an environment can't be helped.
"Foreign"? Although all the buildings in Peking University Yanyuan are in the traditional style of China, its main entrance faces west.
Go west!
Of course, this is just a joke.
The east-west main axis of Yanyuan, which consists of the west school gate, can be said to be Murphy's ingenious pen. The spindle is determined by the following factors
At that time, Gong Beilou, the main building, was located across the stone bridge and the west gate, pointing directly to the top of Yuquan Mountain in western Beijing, thus making Boya Water Tower and
Yuquan Tower on Yuquan Mountain is far away from each other, forming a clever relationship of borrowing scenery. It seems that Murphy not only solved it according to local conditions.
The functional relationship of the campus, moreover, he actually understood that rice operated the spoon garden of the Ming Dynasty, "preferring the moonlit night in tall buildings and leisurely mixing wine."
"Xishan" is romantic, so the gate of Yanyuan Garden is turned to the west, not the tradition of Beijing facing south. Top!
In front of the courtyard dominated by Gong Bei Tower, there are green grass, neatly trimmed pines and cypresses around it, and the carved unicorn of China is exposed to the sun.
A little dignified and simple. The two-story teaching buildings on the front and both sides of Gongbei Building are buildings with palace roofs, and the archaeological objects with the same roof are in the north.
Pavilion, Gong Bei architecture is the style of Xie Shan and Ding Dian, which is different. Si Tuleideng, the first president of yenching university, was here.
Office, this is also the office building of Peking University leaders.
In the northeast corner of the building, there are two groups of "pin"-shaped former college male dormitory buildings (now called "Zhai", which means "virtue, talent, equality and preparation").
It echoes the former Yanda Girls' Dormitory (now the first to sixth hospitals) behind the lake and mountain in the south. Nansheng Dormitory Materials Middle Yuan Yuan
Divided into canteen and common room. Its yard and buildings are twice as big as the girls' dormitory yard. Open and bold, with architectural modeling.
Awesome, very similar to the personality characteristics of boys. However, the Nanshan wall facing the garden space of the unnamed lake is designed as a hollow column.
Style provides an open viewing and communication space for boys after class, and the lake is also because of these empty columns.
The angle of flying wing adds more beauty.
Girls' dormitories are different. With the second gymnasium as the main axis, six small courtyards are symmetrically arranged inward on both sides of the rectangular lawn.
Small and quiet. Each small courtyard is a three-story courtyard, surrounded by two-story buildings, separated by a small gatehouse and a low wall beside the grass.
The building is exquisite and friendly, and the courtyard is safe and warm, which is very suitable for girls' preferences. Open two hexagonal doors on the hard gable facing the grass.
V-shaped window, like a girl's bright and naughty eyes; A small round window was gently opened under the house, like a girl's forehead.
Occasionally order a beautiful cinnabar, which is very charming. A good building, like people, has its own personality. Can make people look interested.
Bob even imagined it.
Walking in the open and bold boys' dormitory, it seems that I can hear Mr. Fei Xiaotong's heavy steps from here to China.
; Standing in front of the exquisite and warm girls' dormitory, I couldn't help thinking of myself when I saw Ms. Bing Xin's beautiful dream of staying here.
Be one ...
The Weiming Lake is the most beautiful place in the Yan Garden. Here, the lake is bright and the tower shadow is swaying; The pavilion stands in the middle of the lake, and the stone boat lies horizontally; stonefish
Turn your tail and try to contain the tower shadow; Weeping willows surround the lake, and the mountains are undulating; Bridges flowing water, pine and cypress green. The road surface around Weiming Lake is uneven.
The twists and turns are in line with China's classical gardening spirit of advocating nature. This winding and deep line has attracted new ideas from Peking University students.
Want to explore new knowledge; The high vibration of the road surface reflects their active spark of thought and deep understanding of freedom.
The shadow of the tower and the sunset in the bell tower make them poetic. ...
Tsinghua people of the old school lives in the "pluralistic freedom" of China, the United States, Germany, Greece, Rome and the Soviet Union.
Built in the environment, but "free" Peking University people live under the same roof of China.
1952, adjustment of state departments. From then on, Tsinghua University mainly focused on science and engineering, while Peking University focused on arts and sciences.
Because of the differences in majors, Tsinghua teachers and students give people the impression that they are "engineers" and "scientists", and they are down-to-earth and do better than others.
Words; Peking University people, on the other hand, feel more like "literati poets", advocating freedom of thought and full of rebellious spirit. Although in recent years
The two universities strive to build a variety of disciplines and develop into comprehensive universities, but these "personality characteristics" formed by tradition still exist.
These "personality characteristics" have the following interesting contrasts with their respective living environments: "old school" Tsinghua people lives in
In the "vivid" architectural environment composed of buildings in China, the United States, Germany, Greece, Rome and the Soviet Union; And "live"
Peking University people who jump freely live under the same Chinese roof.
Modern science originated in western countries. Tsinghua people, a "scientist", worked and studied in the western-style Tsinghua campus. China valley
Classical gardens are "literati gardens" in a sense, and Peking University people, as "literati", just live in China classical gardens.
Adopt standardized afforestation techniques in Yan Garden.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Tsinghua campus with architecture department developed clearly and orderly, and it can be clearly divided into "grey areas" from west to east.
(China Classical Garden Area), "Red Area" (Western Classical Architecture Area), "Yellow Area" (Imitating Soviet Architecture Area) and "White Area"
(new science and technology teaching area). Based on the western classical architectural environment and taking western-style architecture as a reference, develop Tsinghua campus architecture.
It can be said that it is relatively well coordinated.