The first time I saw Wang Yangming was in junior high school to see Mr. Jin Yong's The Condor Heroes.
Said Yang Guo "sit for about half an hour, suddenly eyes seemed to see a bright, limbs skeleton, full of gas, mouth can't help but make a sound, this sound is like Ozawa in the dragons, in the deep valley, far roar". Then, in the second half of this passage, I mentioned a few words: "At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming, a great scholar, practiced in the military camp in the middle of the night and suddenly screamed loudly, which surprised people from all walks of life. This is a question with clear history. " The sentence "Ming history" is absolutely correct, but where is the "text" mentioned by Mr. Jin Yong, let's not research it first. The postscript is perfunctory, just to enhance the readability of the story. The so-called: virtual reality is also true and illusory, which is fascinating. This is where my first impression of Wang Yangming, a great scholar, came from.
Since then, people have read stories about him in their travels. For example, when I read Zeng Guofan's letters, I first saw the sentence "It is easy to break a thief in the mountains, but it is difficult to break a thief in the heart". Later, I learned that this was Wang Yangming's exact words. During the period of 1905, Tougou Heihachirou, the Japanese navy general, was silent in front of everyone's reputation. This rare genius general in Japanese military history has just led a poorly equipped fleet to annihilate the Russian Pacific Fleet and the Baltic Fleet in the Russo-Japanese War. He just showed everyone the waist tag he wore with him, which only wrote a sentence, "Do your best until you die."
Every time, every country, at a critical juncture, there must always be people with great responsibilities to come forward and turn the tide. Regardless of the national concept, as far as things are concerned, people who can convince outstanding people must be great people.
And Wang Yangming is such a person!
I. Wang Yangming
Wang Yangming, whose real name is Wang Shouren (1472- 1529), is a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang. The word Boan, nicknamed Yangming Zi, is known as Mr. Yangming in the world, so it is also called Wang Yangming. He was the most famous thinker, educator, philosopher, writer and strategist in China in the Ming Dynasty. He was not only proficient in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but also further developed Lu Jiuyuan's theory of "Mind Learning" to fight against the Zhu Cheng School. He is a master of Wang Lu's theory of mind and nature, and has exerted an important and far-reaching influence in China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Southeast Asian countries. He is not only a great scholar, but also an army. He only wins battles. He put down the bandits rebellion in Jiangxi, the rebellion of Wang Zhu in Changning in the south, the rebellion of Lu Su, the local chieftain in Si 'en and Tianzhou, and the rebellion of Wang, which have been described in detail for a long time, and I won't repeat them here. After Wang Ning put down the rebellion, he was called "Daming Army God" by the soldiers. His father, Wang Hua, was the number one scholar in Chenghua for seventeen years. He is an official of Nanjing Ministry of Civil Affairs, and Wang Yangming himself is the last official of Nanjing Ministry of War, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Later, he was named "former Confucianism" and worshipped at the 58th place in the East Palace of Confucius Temple. The Department of Ming History in Twenty-four Histories includes Biography of Ming History Wang Shouren. When Emperor Jiajing was in power, having such a great man to assist him really continued the vein of the Ming Dynasty.
Many people in later generations commented on him, saying that he "integrated virtue, made contributions and made a statement, became a' true fairy' and realized the highest personality ideal of ancient and modern sages". After Wang Yangming drove a crane to the west at the age of 57, he was evaluated by later generations like Jiang Hai until now. "History of Ming Dynasty" once commented: "In the late Ming Dynasty, civil servants used military force to win, and different people have different opinions." Huang Zongxi, a fellow countryman and enlightenment thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, said that Wang Yangming "can be described as a shocking awakening, dazzling and breaking the mystery. Since Confucius and Mencius, no one has ever realized this. " Historian and writer Zhang Dai said: "Mr. Yang Ming's theory of creating conscience is a torch in a darkroom." Wei Yue, a beginner in the Qing Dynasty, said, "Mr. Yangming has been a man for 300 years with virtue." Wang, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Wang Wencheng was a first-class figure in the Ming Dynasty, and he was excellent in virtue, merit and speech." Japanese scholar Takase Takejiro said in "Yangming Studies in Japan": "The reason why Yangming Studies in China have such characteristics is that Wang Xue has made great achievements among his active entrepreneurs and even the heroes of the Reform Movement." Zhang Taiyan said: "Japan's reform was also led by Wang Xue." Qian Mu, a modern scholar, even called Wang Yangming's book Biography one of the seven "China people's must-read books".
Second, Takehiko Okada.
For 500 years, China's interpretation, interpretation and extension of Wang Yangming's works have never stopped. Baoshan is already here, and it is not an exaggeration to interpret him from any angle and viewpoint. It can be said that a hundred schools of thought contend. But in modern times, among those who study Wang Yangming's works in depth, Takehiko Okada is a person who must not be missed. He died in 2004. However, I once said: the literary mind is eternal. As long as human beings exist, great souls can always travel through time and space and talk to later people. When I read an author's works, I always try to understand his life experience first. Because a person's growth and development is definitely not sudden, there must be a gradual process. Knowing his life experience, he will understand or understand many connotations of his works.
Takehiko Okada (1908—2004) is an international master of Yangming studies and a famous contemporary Confucian in Japan. He was praised by Du Weiming, a master of Confucianism, as a "sacrifice of Confucian wine". 1934 graduated from the French Department of Imperial University of Kyushu, 1958 was a professor in the Department of Education of Kyushu University, 1960 received a doctorate in literature, 1966 was a visiting professor at Columbia University, 1972 was an honorary professor at Kyushu University, and he was an honorary philosopher of China Academy of Sciences. He used to be a director and assessor of the Japanese China Society, an honorary member and assessor of the Oriental Society and other important academic positions. His major works include Wang Yangming and Confucianism in the Late Ming Dynasty, Confucianism in the Edo Period, Ideal and Reality of China Thought, and Essentials of Philosophy in Song and Ming Dynasties. In addition, there are more than ten kinds of works such as Meditation and Meditation, Mountain in the South, China and China People, etc., and works such as Wang Yangming's Collected Works and Liu Niantai's Collected Works have been compiled, and Zhu Da, Da, Modern Chinese Series and Wang Yangming's Complete Works have been co-edited.
If you have more contact with Japanese literature and history philosophers, you will know that his mentor Nanben is also a hall-level figure in modern Japanese philosophy. Nanji Zheng's grandfather, Nanben Duanshan, was a representative figure of the New Zhuzi School during the Japanese end-of-curtain reform. Duanshan and his younger brother Nanben said that water is world-famous and sometimes called "the second journey to the west". The two brothers co-founded the famous South Gate School in Japan. It can be said that Takehiko Okada is the inheritor of Nanmen Sect.
Modern Japan rose in East Asia after the Meiji Restoration. Practically speaking, its research on China's literature, history and philosophy has gone far beyond China's own. Let's take a look at some things done by Takehiko Okada: In order to study Yangming's mind, Takehiko Okada personally visited more than 80 counties and cities in eight provinces and regions of China, with a journey of more than 20,000 miles. In addition, he personally donated money to raise funds, restored many tombs and memorial pavilions of Yangming in China, and Ruiyun Building, the former residence of Yangming, and made great efforts for China to re-attach importance to and re-understand Wang Yangming. Or, as I said before, if a person doesn't have sincere love and infatuation from the heart in his life, how can he put so much energy, material resources and time into doing something just from the perspective of academic research?
Third, Wang Yangming and Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty
Wang Yangming and Confucianism in the Late Ming Dynasty is a famous work and masterpiece of Takehiko Okada. According to the author's preface, the completion time should be around 1957, which is his graduation thesis when he received his doctorate in literature from Kyushu University in Japan. The full text is about 450,000 words. Mainly, "on the background of the ideological culture in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially the development history of Confucianism, on the basis of briefly describing the context and characteristics of the ideological and cultural development in Song and Ming Dynasties, this paper systematically and profoundly discusses the historical causes, contents, characteristics, social influence and historical role of Yangming's mind, and discusses in detail the differentiation and evolution of Yangming's mind, as well as the alienation and academic purposes of various schools in the middle and late Ming Dynasty." Before the Chinese version of this book was officially published 1987, Takehiko Okada made a preface and introduced the birth process of this book in detail. In the preface, he put forward a very important academic research viewpoint-immanence research. He said: "The so-called" internal research "is a method of transferring one's own experience to oneself when studying one's own philosophical thoughts, and then putting oneself in the other's shoes to experience it, not just figuring out one's own philosophical thoughts in scientific empirical research." He called the empirical study of science introduced from the west the study of representation, and he was more inclined to "care about and attach importance to the study of immanence" than this empirical study. Why did you mention this paragraph? Because in the book Wang Yangming and Confucianism in the Late Ming Dynasty, he took this research method to the extreme. There are many similarities with Wang Yangming's own viewpoint of "extremely broad and subtle, extremely bright and moderate". This point can be paid attention to and confirmed at any time during reading.
According to Qian Ming, the author of Chinese-English Translation and a famous scholar in China, Chinese-English translation began in the early 1990s and was first published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House after nearly 10 years. Who's Qian Ming? At present, he is the director of Zhejiang International Yangming Studies Center and the chief expert of the National Social Science Fund's major project "Literature collation and research of Yangming post-studies". He received a doctorate in literature from Kyushu University in Japan. Oh? A little familiar, haha. Yes, he has the same degree as Takehiko Okada. Yes, because he is one of Okada Takehiko's students.
Why did you mention his translation? Because of the description of these relations, readers will know that Qian Ming's translation should be closer to Okada Takehiko's thinking and germination of Yangming studies in terms of understanding and accurately grasping Japanese and studying and interpreting the author's works.
The recommended Chinese translation of this book was recently printed by Chongqing Publishing House, a subsidiary of Chongqing Publishing Group. The book was published in June, 65438, and printed 1 in February, 6. The book * * * has 432 pages, of which the text ***9 chapters 3 1 section (including the appendix ***3 1 section) has 399 pages, from the first section of the introduction of the first chapter "Culture and Thought in Ming Dynasty" to the last section of the ninth chapter "Lindong Research and Liu Jishan". The remaining 33 pages are the author's Chinese version of the preface, preface, translator's preface and catalogue, as well as the book "When the door of freedom opens, which direction does man run?" It was written by Zheng Lu, a famous scholar who studied Wang Yangming in China and the author of Wang Yangming in Ming Taizu. "The recommended order. Personally, I think this recommendation preface is a good text, especially when I first saw the word "dying bone", I felt a little like writing about the world. It is a deep vernacular, haha. Also, the catalogue arrangement of this book is also very distinctive, so you can pay attention to it. More than 400 pages thick, beautifully designed and bound, with simple and elegant style. Personally, I think it is the best cost-effective book since I finished reading it in February.
Moreover, Chongqing Publishing House, formerly known as Southwest People's Publishing House, was founded in 1950, and 1980 restored its current name. Published "The Biography of Zou Taofen", "Appreciation of World Stamps and Crafts" and "The Complete Works of China Grottoes Sculpture" (volume 10). China Indian Style Series (Volume 2 1), which won the nomination prize of the 5th National Book Award and the first prize of the 1st National Excellent Art Book Award, and China Tibetan Culture Atlas, which won the 3rd Hong Kong Printing Award, won the first prize of writing and envelope design. In addition, works involving Japanese figures have also been published one after another, such as Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Nobunaga Oda, Musashi Miyamoto and Fenglin Volcano in Takeda Shingen. I think I am experienced in the research, translation and distribution of Japanese series.
Fourth, write it at the end.
I have read this book for almost 10 days since I got it. To tell the truth, the progress is particularly slow, and sometimes I can't finish reading 20 pages every night. Because this book quotes classics, the original texts used in the book are too numerous to mention, basically everywhere. As for Sri Lanka, I feel that Takehiko Okada is really a great Japanese scholar, and I am ashamed of myself. I used various means and methods: I found Wang Yangming's exposition and Zeng Guofan's exposition in Listening to Books by Lazy People, and listened to them whenever I had time; Write down the words and quotations you don't understand, check the information one by one, solve the confusion, and try to understand: dig out the original version of Wang Yangming's Handbook that I bought before, and compare it with Okada Takehiko's book repeatedly, confirming each other, hoping to understand and gain more knowledge. It's really a little bit like searching for chapters and choosing sentences.
The more you read inside, the more you feel small and humble. The more I feel the wonder and fun of reading.
A man who wrote words more than 500 years ago built a magnificent ideological building. A man who saw the Olympic Games for the first time more than 60 years ago wrote his travel notes after his visit. A man who is now almost 40 years old accidentally saw the travel notes. Although he felt that his IQ was stupid and saw the fog cover on Yunwu Mountain, he still wanted to find a way and climb up the mountain to see it. . .
Immortal thoughts, exquisite literary minds, and great souls will always be there, forever!
They are carried in words, travel through time and space, enlighten people and gain eternal life. It's an honor to finish this book by myself. Of course, it would be better if it could be earlier.
Writing here, I remembered what Mr. Lv Zheng wrote on the cover, and I quote here: "The rest of my life is too late, so I have no chance to visit Mount Tai and listen to Mr. Okada's teachings. When I read Wang Yangming and Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty by Mr. Wang in my early years, I only felt that there was a force on the back of the paper, and I was deeply impressed by the old adage that "Hanshu can drink".
Bow down to Yangming all your life, be confident and pity others!