1, Han people have their own national language, Chinese; Although Li nationality has no mother tongue, it has created rich and colorful oral literature. Its form is lively, with a wide range of subjects and rich content, which has been passed down from generation to generation. It mainly includes stories, legends, myths, fairy tales, religious genealogy and so on. The more famous ones are The Origin of Man Gong, The Great Fairy of Wuzhishan, The Legend of Flood, The Dry Palace Bird, The Deer Turn Back and so on. It not only reflects the social history, summarizes the life experience, spreads all aspects of knowledge, enriches people's spiritual life, but also entrusts the good hopes and pursuits of the Li people.
2. Different styles of lyrics and songs. Li people are good at singing and dancing, and their music and dance have a distinct national style. Folk music has its own traditional musical instruments: nose flute, oral bow, jingle board, wooden drum, frog gong and so on.
There are mainly two kinds of folk songs: one is called "China Ci" with Hainanese as lyrics and the rhythm of Li folk songs as aria; One is to use Li language as lyrics, which is called "Li tune". The content is diverse, including labor songs, life songs, love songs, carols, ritual songs, narrative songs, miscellaneous songs and so on. The singer improvised lyrics and sang heart songs, which was fascinating. There are different forms such as solo, duet, rap, chorus and lead singer. Melody The melody in different areas is slightly different.
3. The style and content of dance have different meanings. Li people are not only good at singing, but also love dancing. Their dance comes from production and life, and from the worship of their ancestors. The content mainly includes production dance, life dance and religious ceremony dance. The more famous dances are "auspicious dance", "firewood dance" (bamboo dance) and cooking dance. When dancing, singing, percussion and shouting are often combined, and the scene is cheerful.
4. Han culture involves a wide range, and the plastic arts of Li nationality are most famous for brocade technology. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the textile technology of the Li nationality was more advanced than that of the Central Plains. Li Jin and Li Dan are famous all over the world. They use all kinds of textile tools, from cotton ginning, cotton elastic, spinning, dyeing, warping, weaving and embroidery, until they produce colorful brocade, quilts, quilts, skirts and ribbons. , and formed a set of systematic production technology. So far, the famous "Asian quilt" and "Shuang Mianxiu" are famous for their exquisite craftsmanship, gorgeous colors and rich characteristics. In addition, Li's unique wood production and bamboo and rattan weaving technology are also very famous.
5. Marriage customs are different. Li nationality is a monogamous patriarchal family. When their children grow up, they live in a "squatter house" outside the house. After marriage, once the wife settled in her husband's family, the husband and wife separated from their parents and did not cook. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, parents had the final say in early marriage, but before marriage, we were free to fall in love. The custom of not leaving the husband's family after marriage (the bride goes back to her mother's family to live in it for one or two years or even seven or eight years before settling in it) is prevalent. Children born out of wedlock are not discriminated against. Divorce and widow remarriage are more free.
6, the daily dress is different. Li women tie a bun at the back of their heads, insert hairpins made of porcupine hair or metal and cow bones, wear embroidered headscarves and have no buttons on their coats. They wear knitted clothes, collars, bracelets, anklets, earrings and so on. In some places, when women dress up, there are many and heavy earrings, and their ears hang down to their shoulders, which is called "earlobe" in history. Residents in some areas still retain the ancient custom of tattooing and tattooing, especially for women, which is usually completed between the age of 12 and before marriage, and some after marriage. Tattoo tools are plant needles, small bamboo sticks and plant dyes. Tattoos are mainly located on the face, neck, chest and limbs. Tattoo patterns vary greatly in different regions. This custom has basically disappeared at present and can only be seen in remote areas.
The man has a mane on his head, a collarless double-breasted coat, and two hanging eaves on the front and back. These clothes are made of cotton and hemp. They are self-spun, self-woven, self-dyed and self-stitched. The diet is relatively simple, with rice, sweet potatoes and corn as the staple food, mostly non-staple food collected by hunting, and only a small amount of vegetables are planted, mostly imported from Han areas. Women love to chew betel nuts. Most houses are golden huts, and the walls are made of mud and bamboo. In the remote mountainous areas and harmonious areas of Baisha County, there are still boat-shaped houses with roofs like awnings and floors overhead from the ground.
7. Festival customs are different. Li people have a love story on March 3, and the third day of the third lunar month is an annual event for Li people. The venue is generally located in an open rubber forest, with green leaves covering the sky and a "carpet" at the foot, which is quiet, cool and quiet. No wonder "March 3" has become the freedom of local people to choose their spouses, and it is called "love plot". Legend has it that in ancient times, Li people living in Changhua River suffered a big flood. Only a couple survived in a ladle and were drifted to the edge of the Bird's Nest Mountain. On the third day of March, the flood receded and they got married. Men plow and women weave, have children, care for each other and work hard, which gradually makes the Li nationality multiply and develop. Later generations regard them as ancestors and solemnly commemorate them on March 3 every year. In festivals, men, women and children are dressed up and eating cakes and zongzi. Boys fish, girls cook and fish, and then sacrifice the cave with Tianfei and Guanyin fossils. After the sacrifice, young people came to the activity venue to shoot arrows, climb poles, wrestle, tug-of-war and swing. As night fell, a bonfire was lit on the shore, the boys spread their flower umbrellas, and the girls' silver ornaments and shell ornaments flashed in the firelight. Love songs are euphemistic, and the dance gradually rises, from gentle lyricism to unrestrained joy. Sometimes couples leave the bonfire quietly. The young man hung the ear bell on the girl's ear, inserted the hairpin made of deer bone into the girl's bun, and the girl tied her carefully woven colorful belt around her lover's waist. The two sides vowed to meet on March 3 next year. Because March 3 is related to marriage and love in terms of its origin and main activities, it is also called love plot.
8. Funeral ceremonies vary from place to place. Near the Han nationality area, there is a custom of stopping coffins to fight and watching the geomantic omen choose a place to open a grave. In harmonious areas, the dead are buried in clan cemeteries, with wooden coffins, no graves and monuments, and no sacrifices after burial.