Next to Liri Department Store near the West Lake, there is an ancient building that is quiet in the noise. This is Huang's library. Since 160 years ago, it has been a municipal cultural relics protection unit. Huangshufang is a typical ancestral temple building in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with three rooms wide and three rooms deep, covering an area of about 1500 square meters. Now, with more than 20,000 pieces of folk cultural relics settled in, this dusty ancient building has a new vitality-the Dongjiang Folk Cultural Relics Museum with the Yellow Library as its architectural framework is about to be unveiled.
Large cultural relics include small cultural relics. How to arrange more than 20 thousand cultural relics to coordinate with the architectural layout of Huang study room? Yuan, director of the Municipal Museum, said that the Dongjiang Folk Heritage Museum will feature a courtyard-style landscape, with seven theme exhibition areas, including ancient ceramics, ancient dwellings, golden wood carvings, traditional household appliances, traditional farm tools, Dongjiang water relics and folk handicrafts, to highlight cultural heritage.
Blue bricks and gray tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, solemn and simple, the whole building is like a delicate handicraft. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, the Huangren in Guishan County resumed their studies with Confucius, and the book continued. Today, the couplets on both sides of the gate "performance first, filial piety to the best" are still telling the ideals and ambitions of a family.
After closing the door, the yard is a world of its own, not disturbed by the surrounding noise. Cultural relics, starting from the Neolithic Age, spanned the Han, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and ended in the early years of the Republic of China, connecting the footprints of ancestors for their lives, but the joys and sorrows exceeded our perception. Throughout the ages, it is vivid and makes people feel like entering history.
Open the door from the inside, and the scenery of the West Lake and the prosperity of the city are covered with green trees. Su Shi's "sky-opening picture" on the forehead on the door complements each other. On the forehead of the main hall, the word "Dunzhong" written by Yi Bingshou, the magistrate of Huizhou in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, revealed the root of many talented poets' settlement. In the center of the hall is a lifelike statue of Confucius carved by experts from Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts. On both sides of the statue of Confucius, there are celebrity commemorative cards, and 24 celebrities related to Huizhou, such as Ge Hong and Su Shi, come in turn and stand in the hatchback. "They are shining with the brilliance of Huizhou history, which is infinitely magnificent and we can't forget it." According to experts from the Municipal Museum, there are many paintings and calligraphy works of Huizhou celebrities such as Li Changtian and Deng Chengxiu.
The first exhibition area
Treasure of graphite town museum in Tang dynasty
Most of the pottery in the collection are ancient funerary objects, the most representative of which is a pottery furnace in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The work is about 30 cm long. A servant girl is burning a fire under the stove, and there is a dog squatting beside her. There are three pots on the stove. Exquisite craftsmanship and vividness show a burial custom of ancient Huizhou people. Among the bronzes, there is a Warring States sword about 40 cm long, which is still cold and shiny without a trace of rust. In the coin booth, there is one of the oldest Shang coins, which is the most valuable one among more than 200,000 coins in Huizhou Museum. On the wall of the exhibition area, there are some precious photos from the archaeological excavation of Hengling Mountain in Huizhou.
It is particularly worth mentioning that there is also a stone mill in the stone tool exhibition area, which is the treasure of the town museum of the city museum. The stone mill is light iron red, and its appearance is similar to that of modern stone mill. It is engraved with the words "Kunshan Pian Yu" and beautifully carved. Shimoyu 1952 was discovered in Lianghua Town, Huidong County. China is an orphan, a national first-class cultural relic.
According to experts, as early as the middle of the Neolithic Age, there were human activities in Huizhou. During the Sui Dynasty, Huizhou became the political, economic and cultural center of Dongjiang River Basin. By the Northern Song Dynasty, the porcelain produced by "Dongping Kiln Site" in Huizhou was exported to Southeast Asia, ranking first among the three folk kilns in Guangdong at that time. In 2003, CCTV went to Huizhou to shoot Dongping cellar.
The second exhibition area
A wonderful flower in Hakka enclosed houses
Huizhou is a Hakka settlement, and more than 90% of the people in the city speak Hakka. This series is based on the most representative Hakka architecture in Dongjiang Yu-Wai House. Through a large number of pictures and text descriptions, let the audience fully understand the materials, architectural modeling and characteristics of the house.
Hakka enclosed houses in Dongjiang area not only retain the elegant form of traditional culture in the Central Plains, but also inherit the folk customs of serious geomantic omen, dragon posture and sitting orientation in traditional culture. They also learn from the tower in Nanyang architecture and combine the geographical features of mountainous areas according to local conditions, so they are unique in architecture and become a wonderful flower in the architectural history of China. Hakka enclosed houses, together with Beijing quadrangle, Shaanxi earthen pit, Guangxi "railing style" and Yunnan "one seal style", are praised as one of the five major features of China residential buildings by Chinese and foreign architectural circles.
The third exhibition area
Gold lacquer wood carving is priceless.
There are 76 exquisite gold lacquer wood carvings in the museum (there are more than 200 preserved in the city museum), which gives people a magnificent feeling. According to experts, these gold lacquer woodcarvings, created during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, were smuggled cultural relics confiscated by Huizhou Customs in the early 1960s, and they are priceless. After they were handed over to the cultural relics department, they were kept in the warehouse until 2003, which immediately caused a sensation in the national cultural relics community. From June 5, 2003 to 10, CCTV made a special report on these precious cultural relics.
These woodcarvings are exquisite, complicated but not chaotic, or exaggerated in shape and strong in three-dimensional sense. These lacquer wood carvings are rich in content and have a wide range of subjects. Most of them are based on folklore, mythology, drama and historical stories. Composition is dominated by characters, supplemented by scenery. It can be divided into nine categories: character stories, landscapes, wild animals, flowers and birds, algae swimming and festive mascots. It almost covers the types and contents of existing lacquer wood carvings in the Qing Dynasty in Chaoshan area. Moreover, it is rarely passed down from generation to generation, and it has great appreciation potential, so it is particularly precious.
One of the lioness ornaments, 48.5 cm high, 26 cm wide and 14 cm thick, is composed of a big lion and a little lion, which is absolutely exquisite. The lion is the main body, staring up at the front with a fierce expression; The little lion leans under the big lion's neck and looks up at the big lion. Realistic shape. The author doesn't stick to the real lion's modeling, but draws lessons from the expression of the stone lions in the ancient tombs of China. Others include sugar racks, stove covers, fruit bowls and so on. It is reported that the price of gold lacquer wood carvings in the Qing Dynasty has been maintained at a high level in market transactions.
The fourth exhibition area
There is not a nail on the bride's bed.
In the traditional home exhibition hall, there is a small and exquisite sedan chair that attracts attention. The sedan chair was built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and collected in the mountainous area of Huidong County. The four corners of the sedan chair are carved faucets, and the bottom of the sedan chair is "Shou's packing" pattern. Next to it is the Qing Dynasty carved lacquer wood wedding bed, which was donated as a dowry by an old lady in Qiaodong, Huicheng District when she was young. The bed is 2m long,1.4m wide and1.9m high. The color pattern of "fish piercing lotus" is carved on the bedside, and swaying and lifelike lotus flowers and lotus leaves are carved on the top and left and right bed screens, which means that the newlyweds are lucky and have many children. The bride's bed is made up of 20 hand-made wooden components, and the process is complicated and ingenious. Surprisingly, the carpenter used the principle of structural mechanics, did not use a nail and any adhesive, and relied on various tenons to bite wood piece by piece, which reflected the superb wisdom and craftsmanship of the carpenter in Qing Dynasty. In addition, Wang Hongyu, former director of the Municipal Museum, donated a washstand in the late Qing Dynasty, a lion's head and a broadsword donated by Lijiaquan Wushu School.
According to experts, this series mainly shows the furniture used by Hakkas in their traditional residences. At present, a large number of Ming and Qing furniture collected in Dongjiang Folk Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall have good economic and artistic values, regardless of their materials, carving techniques and object modeling. Cultural relics display takes the expression of folk cultural phenomena in Qing Dynasty as its main purpose, giving consideration to historical value, artistic value and scientific value.
The fifth exhibition area
Daoxiang said a bumper harvest.
This series shows a large number of traditional agricultural tools used by working people in Dongjiang area, together with the written descriptions of the functions of various agricultural tools, so that people can fully understand and understand the production and living customs of working people in Dongjiang area, further understand the agricultural history of Huizhou, and thus stimulate people's love for production and life. Typical ones are wind cabinets, bamboo baskets and charcoal stoves.
The sixth exhibition area
The porcelain coming out of the water is as bright as ever.
This series shows a series of cultural relics of "Song Wharf" near Dongxinqiao in Huizhou City. "Dongjiang Water Cultural Relics Series" includes a large number of coins from the Han Dynasty to the Republic of China, reflecting various forms of stone rights, iron rights and codes of Huizhou's developed commodity transactions, confirming various badges organized by Huizhou at that time, and revealing various cold weapons and shells, bayonets in ancient and modern wars, as well as various ceramics, copper tubes, copper needles, bronze mirrors, locks, etc. with folk characteristics .. There are many cultural relics. It not only enriches the collection of folk museums, but also fills the blank of Huizhou water cultural relics, providing valuable information for studying Huizhou history and its social politics, economy, culture, military and life customs.
There are a large number of ceramic utensils in this cultural relic, such as blue-and-white porcelain carved bowls in the late Tang Dynasty, black glazed bowls with sauces in the Song Dynasty, flagons, and countless pieces of porcelain. Surprisingly, many pieces of Song Dynasty porcelain were made in Yaotoushan, Dongping Township, Huizhou, with exquisite designs and as bright as ever.
The seventh exhibition area
Folk craft grand view garden
This series shows some representative, ancient and even endangered traditional crafts of Huizhou folk, such as paper-cutting, embroidery, wood carving, knot painting, mirror painting and peasant painting, which is full of national interest and Dongjiang characteristics.
In the Longmen peasant painting exhibition area, a unique local flavor came to my face. In the painting "Shennong and the Valley Mother" created by Lixin Luo, the nose and eyebrows of the characters are replaced by seedlings, which has a unique charm.
According to experts, Longmen peasant paintings are based on folk paintings since the Song Dynasty and combined with the unique mountain village customs in Longmen County. They are one of the three major peasant paintings in China.
In the paper-cut exhibition area, there are more than 20 works such as Dong Shu Series by Su Dingming, a local artist and director of Chinese paper-cut research. His characteristic is to use a carving knife instead of scissors, abandon the roughness and exaggeration of traditional paper-cutting, absorb the delicacy and vividness of craft painting, and form a "cut-and-trace". According to experts, paper-cutting in Huizhou, like traditional folk arts in other parts of China, existed in the Song Dynasty, became most active in the Republic of China and declined during the Cultural Revolution. Huizhou folk paper-cuts are mostly based on daily life, with a wide range of themes, including fairy tales, flowers, birds, insects and fish. The more common auspicious pattern is that bamboo represents peace and growing old together.
In addition, you can also see the extinct Huizhou folk handicraft works "Jie", such as double money and wishful modeling.