The guide words of the White Garden of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang came to the White Garden about 5,600 meters north of Xiangshan Temple. Baiyuan, located on the Pipa Peak in Dongshan, Longmen Scenic Area, Luoyang, is the graveyard of Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi, covering an area of 30,000 square meters. 196 1 was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. You didn't expect to meet Bai Juyi here, did you ......
Bai Juyi was born in Dali, Tang Daizong for seven years (772). He studied poetry at the age of five, phonology at the age of eight, and 16 from Luoyang to Chang 'an, the capital of China. He entered the official career at the age of 29, but he has never been successful. Instead, he wrote more than 3,800 poems that represent the people's hearts, plead for the people and are full of people's nature, of which more than 2,800 were handed down from generation to generation, which is really rare among poets in past dynasties.
Bai Juyi lived in Luoyang in his later years 18 years. Although he was honored as a "juvenile fu", he was poor, fond of wine and good at poetry all his life. He built Xiangshan Temple in Longmen and opened eight beaches. He was very attached to Longmen landscape and was buried here after his death.
Baiyuan is a natural scenic spot built in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang to commemorate Bai Juyi, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Here is a record of Bai Juyi and his friends listening to the piano and cooking tea in poetry. It is also built in Jyukai, a mountainous area in Luoyang, which is a bit like sage like type. Bai Juyi once said in a poem: "There is always running water in front of the door, and there are many tall trees on the wall. The bamboo path goes around the lotus pond and retreats more than 100 steps. " The design of the white garden is very close to this.
The white garden is greeted by Guqing District. Go straight into the door, but see the road turning into a peak and the forest is dense; The mountain springs are tinkling and the pool water is clear. Extremely elegant On both sides of the passage, bamboos, waterfalls splashed with pleasant sound, and the lotus pond floated with the coolness of autumn
Longmen Dongshan is called Xiangshan, and this valley is called Gu Qing. Gu Qing divides the northern slope of Xiangshan into a mountain called Pipa Peak. The white garden enters along the green valley and is built around the Pipa Peak. Covering an area of 44 acres, it is patchwork and beautifully decorated. White Garden has three characteristics that distinguish it from other scenic spots. Only when you are familiar with these three characteristics can you have a unique feeling.
First of all, look for traces of Bai Juyi before his death, visit the poet's cemetery, taste the aristocratic life and appreciate immortal poems. You can approach the poet across time and space and communicate with your heart. Secondly, the landscape here revolves around Bai Juyi's character and poetic style. Beautiful mountains and rivers, flowers and trees, pavilions, steles and promenades all reflect the poet's temperament, the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the perfect characteristics of harmony between man and nature. Thirdly, the stone carvings and couplets in the park are meaningful, especially the Bai Juyi Poetry Gallery and the Japanese Monument Gallery, which are hundreds of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign, facing the stone carving art such as Longmen Twenty Products across the river. It also adds dazzling brilliance to the three treasure houses of China stone carving art.
There are more than 10 scenic spots in the White Garden, including Guqing District, Paradise, Poetry Gallery, Tomb Area, Japanese Calligraphy Gallery and Taoist Bookstore. Gu Qing District is located between two mountains, including Bai Chi, Tingyi, Shibanqiao, Songzhu and An Baili. Entering the waterfall in Guqing District, the clear water is rippling, the bamboo forest is lush and the white lotus is fragrant, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. Facing Gu Qing, it is a place where poets make friends with poets. Indoor natural rocks are exposed, and the white marble statue is unique and natural, sitting on the rocks gives people a feeling of thinking deeply about the world.
Standing in front of Xanadu, we can deeply recall the connotation of "there is always running water in front of the door, there are many tall trees on the wall, the lotus pond is around the bamboo path, and more than a hundred steps are lingering" in the poet's original work. There are 38 standing stones inscribed by Chinese and foreign famous artists, with complete lines, grass, seals and official scripts, which can not only appreciate Bai Juyi's masterpieces, but also appreciate the beauty of calligraphy art. The Japanese calligraphy gallery was built for the exchange of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy, and most of them are works of contemporary Japanese calligraphers. It was opened to the public in March 2000. The tomb area is located at Pipa Peak, which can be reached from Peony Altar. There are Bai Juyi's tomb, lying tablet, Aconitum Gate, guests who admire Bai Juyi at home and abroad and national monuments. The front of the tomb is paved with stones, and the lawn behind the tomb is like a carpet, surrounded by cypresses, giving people a solemn feeling.
Walking up the stone steps, there is a pavilion called "Listening to Iraq" on the mountainside, which is the place where Bai Juyi played games, drank wine, tasted tea and discussed poems with his friends Yuan Zhen and Liu Yuxi in his later years. Listen to a pavilion and Song Fengting imitate the architectural design of the Tang Dynasty. The pavilion is connected with the "stop" to remind tourists to stop and feel the tranquility of the valley. Time is slow between mountains and rivers. Tingyi Pavilion, also known as Cao Ting, was built because of the popular song Farewell to Ancient Grass.
From listening, there is a quaint and elegant pavilion in the dangerous rock cypress, titled "Xanadu". There is a statue of Bai Juyi carved out of white marble in the temple, as well as plain clothes's pigeon stick, which is lifelike and has a state of being on cloud nine.
Bai Juyi (772 -846): Lotte, Xiangshan Jushi and Zuiyin, whose ancestral home was Taiyuan, moved to Xiayi when his great-grandfather was born in Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.
Born in troubled times: In the first month of the seventh year of Tang Daizong Dali (772), Bai Juyi was born in a small and medium-sized bureaucratic family in Xinzheng, Henan Province. Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in his hometown. Li Fanzhen is divided into more than ten states in Henan, and the people have suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, Ren Gongxian's grandfather died in Chang 'an, followed by his grandmother.
Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was first taught by Songzhou Division (780), a magistrate in Pengcheng County, Xuzhou. A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou special driving. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to Suzhou for a peaceful life. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in Suzhou R&F. Bai Juyi, on the other hand, was brilliant and studied so hard that his mouth was sore and his hands were calloused. Young, all white hair.
Life as an official: In 806, Bai Juyi went to school as a bookseller. In April of the same year, he was awarded the commandant of Guo County (now zhouzhi county). In 807, he served as an examiner of Jinshi and a captain of Jixian County, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In 808, he was left to tidy up the body and welcomed Yang Yuqing's sister as his wife. In 8 10, he was transferred to the household department of Jingzhao House and joined the army. In 8 1 10, his mother Chen died, leaving Ding You behind and returning to her post. In 8 14, he returned to Chang' an and awarded Prince Zuo Zanshan as a doctor.
Bai Juyi thought that he had been appreciated and promoted by the emperor who liked literature, so he hoped to repay him by doing his duty as an official. So he wrote frequently and wrote many poems reflecting social reality, hoping to make up for the current situation and even point out the emperor's mistakes in person. Bai Juyi's words were accepted, but the directness of his words made Tang Xianzong feel unhappy and complained to Li Jiang: "Bai Juyi's boy praised me to the sky, but he was rude to me. I really can't stand it. " Li Jiang thought this was Bai Juyi's loyalty, and advised Xian Zong to be open and honest.
Demoted to Jiangzhou: In 8 15, Prime Minister Wu was assassinated, and Bai Juyi advocated severely punishing the murderer, which was considered to be ultra vires. Later, Bai Juyi was slandered: his mother fell into a well to see flowers and died, but Bai Juyi wrote poems about "appreciating flowers" and "new wells", which was detrimental to the famous religion. Therefore, he was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. In 8 18, Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Xingjian went to Jiangzhou to see Bai Juyi.
When Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou, Bai Xingjian also went upstream with his brother. On the way, I met Yuan Zhen in Huangniuxia. The place where the three of them swam together was called Sanyou Cave. During his tenure in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on the hillside east of Zhongzhou, and named this place "Dongpo". In the winter of the same year, he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) and took office on 8 19. In the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang 'an and served as a foreign minister of Shangshu Division.
Although Bai Juyi's mother died looking at flowers, Bai Juyi had many poems about flowers, and according to the records of the Song Dynasty, Xinjing poems were written around the first year of Yuanhe (Xinjing poems have been lost today), which shows that this matter cannot constitute a charge. The main reason for his demotion is probably related to his writing satires and offending those in power. Jiangzhou is a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that, he aimed at "helping the poor" and hoped to make useful contributions to the people of the whole country; Since then, his actions have gradually turned to "solitude". Although he still cares about the people, his actions have no spark of the past. However, although Bai Juyi was frustrated in Jiangzhou, he was able to live a peaceful life on the whole. He once built a thatched cottage in the north of Lushan incense burner peak and made friends with local monks.
Working in Suzhou and Hangzhou: in the winter of 820, I was transferred to a doctor and a guest. In 82 1 year, doctor Jia Chaosan began to formally wear a five-level scarlet robe (scarlet is the color of vermilion, which is used by officials above five levels). Go to Zhu Guo, and then go to Zhongshu Sheren. In 822, Bai Juyi wrote that the military in Hebei at that time was not adopted and requested to work in other places. In July, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and he took office at 65438+ 10. During his tenure, he built the West Lake levee and dredged six wells, all of which made achievements. In May of 824, he was appointed as the son of Prince Zuo Shu, divided the capital into the East, and went to Luoyang in autumn to buy a house in Luoyang. In 825, he served as Suzhou secretariat and took office in May. He left his job due to illness in 826, and then traveled to Yangzhou and Chuzhou with Liu Yuxi.
When he was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou, he saw that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair for a long time, so he presided over the dredging of these six wells to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people. Seeing the West Lake silting up farmland drought, we built a dam to store water for irrigation and reduce the harm caused by drought, and made the Stone Story of Qiantang River, which engraved the policies, methods and precautions of lake water management on the lake for future generations to know, which had a great influence on lake water management in Hangzhou later. Before Bai Juyi left office, he left an official salary in the state treasury as a fund for the turnover of official salaries in Hangzhou, and then made up the original value afterwards. When the fund operated to Huang Chao Rebellion, Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, the documents were burned and the fund disappeared.
The West Lake has Bai Causeway, and willows are planted on both sides. Later generations mistakenly thought that this was a levee built by Bai Juyi and called it Baigong Dike. In fact, this "Bai Causeway" existed before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou. At that time, it was called "Baishadi" and it was in Bai Juyi's poems.
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen was also transferred from the prime minister to an observer in eastern Zhejiang, which was not far from Hangzhou, so he gave them many poems. When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all his works and compile them into 50 volumes of Bai Juyi's Changqing Collection.
During his tenure in Suzhou, Bai Juyi dug a road from Tiger Hill in the west to Qilishantang River in Nagato in the east, and built a road to the north of Shantang River, which is called Qilishantang or Shantang Street for short.
Life in his later years: In 827, Bai Juyi went to Chang 'an as a secretary supervisor, equipped with purple fish bags and put on purple court clothes (clothes worn by officials with more than three products). In 828, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments and was stationed in Jinyang County. In the spring of 829, due to illness, he was taught by the Prince and returned to Luoyang to perform in the Taoist temple. In February 65438+830, he served as Henan Yin. 83 1 Yuan Zhen died in July. In 832, he wrote an epitaph for Yuan Zhen, Yuan Jia gave Bai Juyi 600,000 pens, and Bai Juyi gave them all to Xiangshan Temple in Luoyang. In 833, due to illness, he was exempted from Henan Yin, and later served as the Prince Guest Company. In 835, he was appointed minister of the same state and resigned from his post. Later, he was appointed as the eastern capital of the Prince Division of Shaofu, and was appointed as the marquis of Fengyi County, and stayed in Luoyang. 65438+839 10 month, got wind disease. In 84 1 year, the prince was dismissed without pay. In 842, he became an official of the minister of punishments, receiving half salary.
Bai Juyi's philosophy of "poverty and loneliness" was mostly embodied in a "leisurely life" in his later years. In 844, 73-year-old Bai Juyi funded the excavation of the stone beach around Longmen, and after the completion of the work, he wrote a poem "Two Stone Beaches in the Eighth Section of Longmen" as a souvenir, which still embodies his outlook on life of "helping the world and achieving the goal".
Bai Juyi spent most of his later years in Luoyang, singing with Liu Yuxi and often traveling in Longmen. Self-report "Chapter on the Pool" and "Biography of Mr. Drunk Sound". In 845, 74-year-old Bai Juyi still held the "seven old Meeting" in Ludi, attended by Gao Hu, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Serina Liu, Lu Zhen, Zhang and Bai Juyi. In the summer of the same year, Li Ruman, a monk from seven old, joined forces to draw a picture of Nine Old Pictures. Bai Juyi believed in Buddhism in his later years and was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan. He is a disciple of the monk Ruman.
Luoyang passed away peacefully: Bai Juyi died in Luoyang on August 14th (September 8th) in the 6th year of Wuzong Huichang (846), at the age of 75, and was given a portrait by the right servant of Shangshu. posthumous title was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang. After Bai Juyi's death, Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Ming Lu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article was full of people's ears, and I was once sad. Author of Bai Changqing's Collected Works, with 7 1 volume.
Homemade wine: Bai Juyi's homemade wine is of excellent quality. He wrote a poem for his wine: "in the mouth of the altar, jade liquid is golden grease;" It is pleasant to play and enjoyable to taste; Hospitality, then frown; After four or five minutes of deliberation, I entered the limbs. " ("Bai Juyi Volume"). The history of Bai Juyi's wine-making is not only recorded, but even today, the story of "Bai Juyi's wine-making New Year's Eve to enjoy his neighbors" has been circulated in Weibei for generations.
Plain mouth and waist: plain mouth and waist, storing prostitutes for fun, began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was more common in the Tang Dynasty. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes' music and poems. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, among which Xiaoman and Su Fan are the most famous. Tang Mengbang's "Poetry of Feeling Things" records: "Bai Shangshu is good at singing and prostitutes are good at dancing. It tastes like a poem: cherry Su Fan mouth, willow waist ".
When Bai Juyi was in his sixties, he was paralyzed by the wind, so he sold the good horse and asked Su Fan to leave him to get married. However, his horse brayed and could not bear to leave. Su Fan also said with tears, "Master, you have been here for five years, and you are not surprised at all. I have been a vegetarian for ten years, and there is nothing wrong with it. Although this plain face is ugly, it has not been ruined. Luo Li is still strong, with nothing. That is, Luo Zhili can still lead; Song vegetarian dishes can also be given to the host. Once you go back, there is no turning back.
Therefore, Su will go, and the words will be bitter; Luo will go, and his song will be sad. This person's love is also, and the horse's love is also. Is it true that the Lord is heartless? "But when Bai Juyi was 70 years old, Su Fan and Xiao Man left. Bai Juyi wrote in "Random Thoughts": "In two willow buildings, Yan Na has been with drunkards for many years. Will there be a spring breeze in the world after she is released tomorrow? "Five years in March, today, the guests scattered. Illness and Lotte live together, and Spring and Su Fan return for a while. "
Book story: In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800 years), he was awarded the positions of secretary, provincial school bookkeeper, and Ji Xian, and participated in the collation of national books. After that, I graduated from Hanlin University. In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Literati acceded to the throne, moved to the ministry of punishments ministers. Wu Zongshi is the minister of punishments. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Xiangshan, Luoyang and became a layman in Xiangshan. He made outstanding contributions to the development of realistic poetry. When sorting out the books of Jixian Academy, he had access to a large number of books, which had a great influence on his literary creation.
Private libraries are quite rich, and there is a library building called "Chibei Library". He once wrote "On Pool", saying that "when assistant minister of punishments was dismissed, Li Qiandou was full of books". He is the author of Bai Changqing Collection and so on. On the basis of his own collection of books, he compiled Good Words and Sentences and Six Records of the History of Bai Family (also known as Six Records of Bai Family), which is divided into 1367 chapters. In the Song Dynasty, Huang Jian wrote Yang Wengong Yuan Tan, which recorded: "People say that Bai Juyi wrote Liu Tie, with thousands of pottery bottles, each with its own title, which is a seven-story shelf and placed in the lent. I ordered all the students to collect their stories and put them in bottles. Take it backwards and copy it into a book. " It can be seen that Bai began to collect data by classification when he first collected data. In addition, there are Bai Yuan Yin Ji Collection, Bai Liu Chorus Collection and Charlotte Enjoyment Collection (also known as Luo Zhong Collection).
Continue to go up, it is the peak of pipa. Among the cypresses, there is a circular mound surrounded by a brick low wall, which is the place where Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, sleeps. At the top of the circular tomb, the grass is growing. There are three tall stone tablets in front of the tomb, among which 1 is engraved with the words "Tang Shaofu White Cemetery". The climbing tomb is shaped like a pipa, and the mound where the white tomb is located is a "piano box". There is a long vanilla tomb in the southeast, surrounded by neat holly and green grass, and three "strings" are clearly visible. This is the "curved neck" of pipa. The poet is proficient in rhythm and is also an ode to the pipa. This mountain, this tomb and Longmen are the best places for him to sleep.
Pipa Peak, according to legend, when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty dug the Longmen Grottoes, Manjusri Bodhisattva brought many fairy bands to watch. A fairy who plays the pipa eloped with the secular youth and abandoned the pipa, forming the peak of pipa today. However, the name of Pipa Peak should be taken from Bai Juyi's famous long poem Pipa Xing.
The white hills surrounded by pines and cypresses are at the end of the pipa. Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan in his later years, also known as "Xiangshan layman". Being buried here not only conforms to the poet's last wish, but also coincides with the meaning of his masterpiece Pipa, which is unique and amazing. But there are also legends that Bai Juyi has been immersed in officialdom for many years and has become more and more aware of the darkness of officialdom.
The poet's career in his later years was gloomy and he didn't want future generations to follow in his footsteps. So the poet left a will: he will never be an official again. Look at the Pipa Peak, which is steep in front and wide in water below. It is a Jedi, which is a big taboo in choosing a tomb site. He deliberately abandoned Beimang, a treasure trove of geomantic omen that everyone yearned for, and chose his tomb site at the peak of the Pipa in front of the Jedi, thus breaking his bureaucratic style.
Chinese and foreign tourists and ethnic groups who admire Bai Juyi stand here to commemorate. One of the stone tablets is engraved in Chinese and Japanese with the words "Mr. Bai Juyi, the great poet, you are a benefactor of Japanese culture, you are a writer admired by the whole country in Japan, and your contribution to Japan is as heavy as a mountain and will last forever, and we will never forget it."
On the right side of the tomb, there is a huge stone lying on the stone tablet. It is engraved with the biography of Mr. Zuiyin, weighing 24 tons, and is the largest stone book in China at present.
From the pyramid-shaped mound to the left, down to the gentle peak and waist, there is a quaint nine-song cloister. The four walls of the cloister are embedded with the poems of modern poet Mo Ke and the full-text stone carvings of Pipa Xing by Bai Juyi.