Although it is recorded in Records of Qian Shan that Taoism was introduced to Qian Shan in the early Ming Dynasty, it soon disappeared, because there are no relics, so it is difficult to keep it for yourself. For hundreds of years, Taoism has built more than 20 temples and palaces in Qian Shan, among which Wuliangguan, Ciguan, Wulong Palace and Nanquan Temple are the centers of Taoist activities.
Taoism is a unique religion in China, which was formed in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Taoism respects Zhang Daoling as its founder, regards Lao Dan as its leader and supreme god, and deifies Taoism advocated by Lao Dan into faith. At the same time, Taoism also
Inheriting the witchcraft and magic of seeking immortals in ancient China, it is advocated that the use of people's seals can "summon ghosts and gods" and "avoid disasters and seek happiness", and alchemy can "integrate with Tao" and "attain immortality", which makes people escape from reality and pursue the illusory realm of immortals.
The early Taoism in China included Taiping Daoism and Wudoumi Daoism, and the latter had great influence. Five Dou Mi Dao was created by Zhang Daoling in Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty (126- 144), Zhang Daoling and his disciple Yu Yonghe went to Hemingshan, Sichuan Province for six years (14 1), where they wrote 24 Taoist classics, using the charm of water to cure diseases and save lives, thus establishing a Sect, which laid the embryonic form for Taoism, hence the name. In the Jin Dynasty, the feudal ruling class reformed Taoism for many times in order to maintain its rule, and finally formed a whole system of ghosts and gods, from selling the jade emperor of Yama right to the land of the city god, and a religious idealism system of "going to be quiet but not moving".
Historically, there are many schools of Taoism, such as Taoism in North and South Shi Tian, Shangqing School and Lingbao School in Jing Ming School. After the gradual confluence of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Fei and Song, they all merged into one school after the Yuan Dynasty. In the early Jin Dynasty, Quanzhen religion rose and gradually ruled the north. Taoism in Qian Shan belongs to Quanzhen Taoism.
In the seventh year of Jin Shizong Dading (U67), Taoist Wang Zhongyang gave a lecture at Quanzhen Temple in Ninghai, Shandong Province, creating Quanzhen Taoism. Fifty years later, Qiu Chuji, his disciple, was honored as a Buddhist teacher by Yuan Taizu, and was named Changchun Zhenren, who has been in charge of Taoism. As a result, Quanzhen religion flourished in the north. Qiu Chuji's Beijing Baiyun Temple was one of the famous "Top Ten Jungles" at that time.
The teaching purpose of Quanzhen Daoism is "true work", with "sincere determination, unity and vitality" and "helping the poor, putting others before themselves, selflessness" as "true cultivation", hence the name Quanzhen. There are many schools of Quanzhen Taoism, with a peak of 99 schools, among which Longmen, Huashan, Yuxian, Nanwu, Suishan and Jingjing are the main schools, each of which is based on its own side and mainly promotes "alchemy and cultivation of immortals". Quanzhen Taoist priests are not allowed to get married or eat meat, and there is a "jungle system" similar to Buddhism.
The Taoist schools circulating in Qian Shan include the Dragon School, Huashan School, Penglai School and Jinshan School in Quanzhen Taoism, among which the Dragonfly School has a great influence. Although Penglai School and Jinshan School were introduced, they were weak and had little influence.
After six years of Kangxi, Taoism in Qian Shan has made great progress. In the hundred years after the early Qing Dynasty, more than 20 Taoist temples and temples were established, and Taoism became popular. According to "Liaoyang County Records", there was only one place at that time, D (Taoist 100), all of them were simple and simple, performing their duties. "The Qing government also vigorously supported Taoism and distributed food and clothing to many Taoist priests, which led to the emergence of 38 temples in Qian Shan, with more than 1,000 monks and nuns in its heyday.
The earliest Taoist school introduced into Qian Shan was the Dragon School, which was founded by Qiu Chuji. Qiu Chuji, born in Qixia County, Dengzhou Prefecture, Shandong Province in Yuan Dynasty, was one of the seven schools of Quanzhen Taoism. When Qiu Chuji 19 years old, he studied under Wang Zhongyang in Ninghai, Shandong. After the death of Chongyang, he sneaked into Longmenshan and founded Longmenshan School. In the sixth year of Kangxi, Liu Tailin and Wang Taixiang, the ninth generation Taoist of Longmen School, spread to Qianshan.
According to the records of Tiesha Mountain, "Liu Tailin and Wang Taixiang, Taoist priests of this mountain, were ordered by the Shi State during the reign of Emperor Kangxi to preach in this mountain (Qianshan), creating infinite views, which were divided into Qingyun View, Hall of Supreme Harmony, Ci View, Wulong Temple, Tongyuan View, Hongguan Temple and Daoyuan, which were actually a big branch of this school".
The Taoist school introduced to Qian Shan after Longmen School is Huashan School founded by Hao Datong. Hao Datong was born in Wendeng, Shandong Province in the Yuan Dynasty. He is also a disciple of Wang Zhongyang and one of the seven truths of Quanzhen Daoism North School.
In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1794), Sun, the 20th generation Taoist priest of Huashan School, traveled to Qian Shan, and built three huts and two halls in a ladder ditch under the top of the Five Buddhas, which was named Xihai Guan (Records of Thousand Huashan Mountains).
The third Taoist school introduced into Qian Shan was Penglai School introduced by Yan Qinghong. In the 19th year of Jiaqing (18 14), Yan Qinghong (a native of Laoling County, Wuding Prefecture, Shandong Province), the seventh generation Taoist of Penglai School, went from Jilin to Xiaodingyu in Qianshan. Gong Yanchu went to Qianshan, picked mushrooms on the mountain, lived in caves at dusk, mixed them together, forgot the year, month and day, and found another auspicious place with Mao 'an as its structure. "(Rebuilding the Monument of the East Pole Palace) He lived in the cave for five years before he built the Three Towers of the East Pole Palace.
Another Taoist school introduced into Qian Shan is Jinshan School. Jinshan School was founded by Sun Xuanqing and formed in the early years of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty. Jade Sun Xuanqing was born in Shouguang County, Qingzhou District, Shandong Province. He used to be a Taoist priest of the Longman Sect, but later he left the Longman Sect to stand on his own feet. Jinshan School was introduced into Qian Shan, but it was unable to carry out large-scale construction because of its weak potential. The moon belongs to the powerful Dragon Sect, so there is no special temple.
As can be seen from the above, among the four schools of Taoism in Qian Shan, the Dragon School is the most powerful and influential, followed by the Huashan School. Therefore, since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the dragon is half a day and the corner of China is nowhere to be found".
Taoism began in the "Taiping Road" and "Five Mi Dou Roads" in Han Dynasty. Taoism in the pre-Qin period was a school of philosophy, and it didn't become a religion until the Han Dynasty. During the Six Dynasties, there were "the way of doing military work" (that is, Taiping Road), "the way of stone heaven" (that is, the way of fighting rice) and "Imperial Road". After Song and Jin Dynasties, Yang Lian was divided into Southern Sect and Northern Sect. Fu You Science and Education School is divided into three schools: Dragon and Tiger (that is, Tianshidao, also known as Zheng Yijiao), Menzao and Maoshan.
Taoist practitioners pay attention to the art of cultivating immortals, and alchemy is divided into external and internal alchemy. Waidan is Atractylodes macrocephala, and the last stream evolved into alchemy, which became the predecessor of chemistry, the same at home and abroad. Inner alchemy is refining qi, transforming it into internal strength and internal boxing, as well as medical research on acupuncture, meridians and acupoints, and the last stream evolved into sexual art. The skill boasted by the last stream of Taoism is the ideal of secular life, which can not only be rich and live forever, but also have strong performance, and can also summon immortals to exorcise ghosts, so emperors who have mastered the supreme power of the secular world are also very interested. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Hui Zong was particularly fascinated by Taoism, and ordered Taoist leaders to canonize him as "Emperor Daojun, the founder of the mountain". After the nomads from northern China occupied, the people in the north were displaced and oppressed. In Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei and other places, there are three new schools of Taoism, namely Quanzhen, Daoism and Taiyi, which accept civilians and secretly confront foreign rulers, especially Quanzhen.
Quanzhen religion is not only a burning method, but also a religion that benefits others, so it is greatly respected by the people. Quanzhen religion belongs to the northern sect of Taoism. In Yuan Dynasty, Yu Ji's book "Ancient Records of Taoist Gardens" said: "The former scholars died in the Song Dynasty, while Taoism said that there were heroes who pretended to be crazy in the world and sought to return to the truth, which was called the whole truth. People of insight, accidental opportunities, often follow, the portal is quite wide, and those who are out of date are invincible. Drinking whole grains, resisting cold and heat, persevering in what people can't do, practicing what people can't do, and guiding themselves are quite described in the world. " The ancestor of Quanzhen religion was Wang Zhe. (The word "zhe" and three words "Ji" overlap, both of which have the same sound and meaning as the word "zhe". About his life, there is a big monument in Chongyang Palace, engraved with the "The Fairy Trace of Chongyang", which reads: "I was born in Xianyang, surnamed Wang, a famous philosopher, with a clear word and a name of Chongyang. A beautiful woman must have a beard, eyes longer than her mouth and a huge figure. I'm a good man, I don't read much, I'm a student, and I'm a famous martial artist. At the beginning of the day, Caixiong Village ... was used as a tunnel. It was sealed several feet high and the list said:' Tomb of the Living Dead'. ..... Dingding, burning its home, people fighting for help, dancing by the fire, writing songs to see the meaning. Jordan moved eastward, reaching Ninghai as far as possible, and met the old Yu Yi Pavilion for the first time in Mayu. Ma, a wandering hero, and his family all held disciple ceremonies. Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong and other seven people, namely Danyang in Ma Yue, Changzhen in Tan Yue, Changsheng in Liu Yue, Changchun in Autumn Moon, Yuyang in Wang Yue, Guangning in Hao Yue, and Yueqing in Sun Yue, lost their minds and threw umbrellas at the crown, soaring until they perished. They are all wise, not teachers' teachings, but scholars' understanding of the road, and they are not addicted to it.
Jin Mi, the Duke of Jin Yuan, wrote "Quan Zhen Zubei", which said: "A gentleman must be bearded, with big eyes and more than six feet long, and he can speak eloquently to win the public. The rich family business lent money to the poor with millet ... Tan Yu, who was suffering from gale disease and dying, begged as a disciple. Mr. Wang gave him water after washing his face, but his eyebrows remained the same, and he kissed him in one breath, making him famous. There are also people who died in Qiu Ge, Qixia County, Dengzhou. Their parents are young and have never studied, so they came to attend the ceremony. Mr. Zhang kept a diary of more than a thousand words, and was good at reciting and training his name, Chang Chunzi. After the ceremony, the owners gathered together, and the teachers scolded and beat Chu to temper, but they often dispersed, and Ma Tanqiu got the moral. In March of eight years, I dug a hole in Kunlun Mountain and mined stones on the ridge for use. I didn't expect the boulder to fall, and everyone was shocked. Mr Wei Zhen shouted loudly, but his stone suddenly stopped. In the mountains, the woodcutter cheered as a gift and was impressed by his god. Or eat tile stones, or sit in buddhist nun now. ..... Nine years in April, Ninghai People's Week, invited Mr. Wang to live in the nunnery and listed the Golden Lotus Hall. There is a divine light shining like day at night, and people think there is fire, so it can be seen that Mr. Wang is walking in the light. ..... In Dengzhou, I visited Penglai Pavilion and saw the sea. Suddenly, there was a hurricane. People were surprised when they saw Mr. Wang being blown into the sea by the wind. They jumped out for a while, but lost their hair clips. When they moved, they saw the waves rushing out. Or Mr. Yan's eyes are good-looking, that is, eyes that show ill health; Either Mr. Kwakwa didn't leak, or he was on the board in front of the state government. The same is true of any mutant and unpredictable person. ..... On the way to Ninghai, Mr. Wang threw an oil umbrella in the air and the umbrella took off in the wind. When we arrived at the Chuyi Temple in Chashan, its umbrella began to fall, and it was more than 200 miles to the place where it was thrown. ..... say goodbye:' I'll be back!' Many people begged to stay and sing. Mr. Wang said,' I wrote it on the wall of Lu Daoren Temple in Luan Village, Chang 'an. Death of occipital left humerus. Everyone is afraid. Mr. Wang added, "Why are you crying?" So Hu had a secret language. ..... Ming said: Xianyang belongs to Dawei Village, with beautiful mountains and rivers, which is really strange. Young and beautiful, long but not group, working and talking, more gentle than sven. He is good at riding and shooting and is extremely brave. When you don't mean what you say, you intend to be martial, and the disaster lies in your determination and your ambition to raise it. Wu Wen binary star, time waits for no man ... "
Wang Zhongyang's many strange behaviors described in the inscription are naturally unbelievable. He rebuked flying stones, eating tiles, falling into the sea and not drowning, throwing umbrellas and flying. Maybe he showed some martial arts, but the hearsay was exaggerated. People say that he has a deep internal strength and doesn't have to pee. He immediately peed in front of the government office. His style is very humorous. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chen from Dongguan, Guangdong Province wrote eight volumes of The Origin of Changchun Road, in which he verified that he had led an army to fight against the Nomads, and said, "Loyal to the Song Dynasty ... On this basis, Chongyang was not only loyal to anger, but actually corrected the masses and resisted the army of the Nomads. The inscriptions in the golden age are taboo and dare not speak. " Quanzhen Qizi is famous all over the world, and his deeds have been handed down from generation to generation by inscriptions or books. There are many inscriptions and books. The important books are Fairy Mirror, Seven Immortals, Fairy Biography of Zuting Temple in Zhong Nanshan, Narcissus Source, Record of Jin Ping Mei, Biography of Jin Ping Mei Fairy Source, etc. Yuan Wang used "The Road Monument of Wuwei Real Horse Master": "Ma, the word Xuanbao, was named Danyangzi ... a native of Ninghai, Shandong Province ... After the Yuan Dynasty, the founder of Chongyang gave him a banquet, and he ate it from the pedestal, asked him why, and said,' Come from suffering'. Q: "Xi Zi?" Said:' The last South. It's not far from 3,000 Li. I'll help the drunk. "... and then convinced the teacher. Ancestors influenced the non-one, and the teacher realized that ... the head is divided into three buns, three buns and three words' auspicious', and ancestors are also taboo. In the autumn of 14th year, he and three friends expressed their ambitions in Qin Dou Town, and the teacher said,' Fight poverty'. Tan said, "It's right to fight." Liu Yue: "Fighting spirit." Autumn said, "I have to fight for leisure." The teacher said:' A husband's way is to be rough, to forget words, to be weak and to be clean. Eat less and drink less, sit still and adjust your breath, and sleep and nourish your qi. If you don't mind, you will have determination, if you don't work hard, you will make progress, if you don't disturb God, you will have a knot, and then you will be relieved in vain, calm down to the extreme, and stay at home will be wonderful. "Inscription of Jin Mi lord protector Casting Tan Zhenren Fairy Trace": "Tan Duan, with a straight character and a long and true name, was first named Jade, and Ninghai Taishou, whose father was Jimi. Every time Li earned money to help the poor and needy families ... He went to the disciple ceremony and Chongyang asked him to stay in buddhist nun. When it snows in severe winter, it sleeps with seaweed, and Chongyang opens its feet to embrace it. After a while, it was like cooking under cover. At dawn, it washes its face with residual water, and it will be fine in a month, so it is a respect. " Stretching his feet to hug, Tan felt hot all over. When Wang Zhongyang treated him with internal strength, the washing water may contain drugs. After washing his face for more than a month, the wind disease will be fine. This statement is more credible than the simple narrative in Quanzhen Jiaozu Monument.
Qin Jin Zhi 'an Immortal Monument Liu Zongshi said: "Mr. Liu is mysterious, with a wonderful word and an immortal name. He comes from Donglai Military Officer's Village ... Cheng Si, and Zhang seeks the essence of Tao. Mr. Wang said to him,' indulgence leads to health, and wealth leads to happiness.' Biography of Qiu Chuji in Yuan Dynasty: "Qiu Chuji, born in Qixia, Dengzhou, was named Changchun Zi ... During the Jin and Song Dynasties, he sent envoys to summon him and refused to go. When I was 80 years old, I was ordered by Liu Zhonglu, a trusted minister ... I took eight of my ten apprentices to see Yan ... After dozens of countries, the journey exceeded 10,000 miles ... I saw Mao happy, gave food and set up accounts for Lu. During Mao's Western Expedition, Japanese affairs attacked the war. Every time the machine says,' If you want the whole world, you have to care about not killing people.' When asking questions is the way to govern the country, it is based on respecting heaven and loving the people. If you ask the way to live a long life, you will tell me that abstinence is the most important thing. Mao deeply agreed with his words, saying,' God sent immortality to realize my ambition'. Life is about books and how to train philosophers. Therefore, the tiger elephant in tin, with Xishu as its deputy, is called' immortal' without scolding its name ... When the national soldiers were trained in the Central Plains, the northern part of Henan was particularly prosperous, and the people were captured and slaughtered without hiding. Taking advantage of the opportunity to return to Yan, let his disciples beg after the war, rehabilitate the slaves, and rehabilitate the people who died on the shore, no matter 20,000 or 30,000 people, Zhongzhou people have praised it so far. Yao Yuan-Sui inscribed Wang Zongshi: "Wang Chuyi was a real person in Yuyang, and Dong Mou in Ninghai ... tasted Otani and stood upright on one foot. The viewer's eyes flashed and his tongue did not fall, so he was called' Iron Feet Fairy'. After living in the cave for nine years, the shape is exquisite. Changchun eulogizes poetry, saying,' Nine summers are sunny, three winters are snowy'. Wandering between Qilu, pursuing their own skills, chasing ghosts, stealing rubble ... or thinking that they are good at falsely accusing people, but they can get rid of them because they are called to drink. When a real person goes out, it is forbidden to dig a pool and fill it with water first, scratching flowers and making it muddy. When he went, he had a drink and said,' I'm poor. I've never taken it from a beggar. I'm lucky to see this move today. I wish the beggar a cup to make you happy. "At the same time, I drank, returned and took off my clothes. When taking a bath, after a while, the pool wood boils and dries, so as not to die. ..... or satirize its goodness and illusion, sejong tries it, sees that it cannot be killed, and regrets it. Yan's "Hao Bei, the Moral Master": "Datong people, whose word is Taigu, whose name is Guangningzi, and Ninghai people ... are all proficient in Yi, but they are not happy because of the skill of the Yin and Yang calendars, while Ma Ji and Mu Si, who are human beings, are beyond their ability ... but they abandon their family gifts and worship the Yanxia Cave to find disciples." A general examination of continued literature: "Guangning sits in the bottom, and a small child's play is a tower on its top, telling it not to be bad, but its head is not side, the river is flooding, and it is not painful. "
According to "A General Examination of Continued Documents" and "Records of Dengzhou Prefecture": "Sun Xiangu is absolutely a pure and scattered person. She is a young girl in Ninghai County ... Her father is Ma Danyang's spouse, and she has three sons. Danyang abandoned his family and followed the road. The founder of Chongyang drew a skeleton to persuade him to change, and also drew a shaft of heavenly stems to show it. Gu abandoned the third son Yi Jinlian Hall to pray for it. Chongyang gave poetry and changed its current name, so it gave Tao. "
Qiu Chuji went to the Western Regions to see the deeds of Genghis Khan, and his accompanying disciple Li Zhichang wrote a book "Journey to the West by Changchun Real People" (proofread by Wang Guowei), which described the journey and experience in detail. The Journey to the West, a real-life version of Changchun, contains a long poem by Qiu Chuji The Journey to the West: "On the east side of Jinshan, there are thousands of rocks and valleys in Yinshan, and there are deep streams. The rocks by the stream are rugged, and wheels and hooves are forbidden to walk in ancient and modern times. The year before last, the second prince (namely Chahetai) was promoted by the army, and the monastery was bridged. This year, my road will go west, and both cars and horses will pass by. The iron wall of Yinshan Mountain is heavy, striving for the first place, boasting the clear male. Recently, I went out to see the sea, and I met Tianhe at dawn. The towering pine trees are as straight as a pen tube, and the dense movements are 100 feet. Ten thousand plants depend on each other, and a bird is silent and lonely, which is more common than usual. Both cars are going up and down, and it's scary to ride before and after. Tianchi sea on the top of the mountain, everything in the mirror County car bundle Marcy down the mountain, 48 bridge as low as thousands of feet. The sea area in the north of Henan Province is endless, and so is the ever-changing scale. If you don't think Zishan is too fantastic, it is tall and steep. It was August and September when I came, and the mountains were covered with snow. The grass in front of the mountain is as clear as a spring, and the clothes behind the mountain are as cold as iron. " Qiu Chuji and Li Zhichang and his party witnessed the tragic slaughter of Genghis Khan after he broke through the cities of Khorezm on the way to the west. There is a saying in Changchun Real Journey to the West: "There are often more than 100,000 households in the city that are not defeated, and a quarter survive." Chen Yuan, a modern historian, wrote "An Examination of New Taoism in Hebei in the Early Southern Song Dynasty", which greatly emphasized Quanzhen religion. The book said: "Hebei has been occupied by many times since Yongjia, but if it can be changed from Xia to Yi, it will be restored from afar." China's territory is expanding and its population is increasing. Why? It is unfortunate that this solid ancestor has worked hard for thousands of years. The actions of the founders of the three religions are also one of the manifestations of the founders. In the postscript, he said ... I think the so-called Taoists are all resisting the unruly adherents. How can they be ignored for Taoism? ... praiseworthy people are not only unwilling to be enemies on the negative side, but also have a journey of helping others on the positive side, similar to followers who fled Zen next season. "
According to textual research, Quanzhen religion was once in charge of religion. Since then, there have been Ma Yu,,, Qiu Chuji,,,, Wang, Qi Zhicheng, Zhang Zhixian, Miao Daoyi, Sun Dehe, Lan Daoyuan, Sun Lvdao, Miao Daoyi (the second son) and Wan Yan Deming.
Danyang Ma is the founder of Quanzhen Daoism, Changsheng Liu is the founder of Quanzhen Daoism with Mountain Sect, Changchun Qiu is the founder of Quanzhen Dragon Sect, Guangning Hao is the founder of Quanzhen Huashan Sect, Changchun Tan Zhenren is the founder of Quanzhen Namo pie, Yuyang Wang Zhen is the founder of Quanzhen Daoism and the ancestor of Kundao Danfa.