And the change of the world, often in peace, Tian Wen's so-called "child danger, I don't attach", at that time, there is no minister in charge, but it will be chilling! At the end of the past, the world was established, and Zhou Bo stayed filial; At the end of Liang Wudi, the world was ruled, and Huo Guang left filial piety. Although there is a tendency for Mount Tai to cover the world, saints often focus on accumulating eggs, so although they rule the world, the ministers of the heart cannot go.
Biography says, "Baiguan always listens to Nakazawa Tomohide." The tomb slayer is not a loyal minister, and the son of heaven can command the world. Three years without suspecting the evil? He said, "A hunting trip every five years."
He didn't have a loyal minister. He debuted for five years and died thousands of miles. Who will keep evil? This husband's family must have elders, and a humble person must have intimate friends, so as to have a happy mind and help those in need, but what if the son of heaven has no loyal subjects? The modern monarch's resistance from top to bottom made the prime minister stunned from bottom to top, and his ambition was unreasonable. I put you in the distance that day, but you are not amiable, and I put people in the distance that day, but you have no love.
It is because of the worries of the country that you don't think, and you don't disgrace yourself because of your worries, and you don't die because of your humiliation. A person's reputation is used, and a person's destruction is abandoned.
Why worry about the country when the prime minister avoids suspicion, fears things and scorns them? It's easy to move. Look at the house. A hundred officials are generals, and the son of heaven is (Qi: the same as "Qi".
In this world, once there is a fear of death, I have never seen it drift from place to place and drift away. A saint is also a minister of the heart. He respects him as a father and a teacher, loves him as a brother, holds hands in the dormitory, sleeps with him, and knows everything.
If the reputation of one hundred people is not encrypted, one hundred people will destroy it without dilution, respect their nobility, pay attention to their wealth and their power, and then discuss the opportunities in the world and consider the changes in the world. Han Qi, the prime minister, saw his book and was good at it. He played it in the DPRK. He called Sheren Hospital to try, but his resignation was not serious, so he transferred the secretary from the school.
Too often, I compiled the Book of Rites from the Stegosaurus, thinking that Bazhou Wen 'an monarch book, Chen Zhou Xiangcheng ordered Yao Bi, and prepared the Book of Rites as a hundred volumes. If the book is written, the party will not report it and die.
Give him a family gift and 200 taels of silver. When I was a child, I gave him a gift, asked to be an official, and especially gave a gift to Guanglu Temple Cheng, because he had a boat to take him back to Shu. 20 volumes of anthology, 3 volumes of Law of the Dead.
Some people will say: "The so-called scheming is only used by entrepreneurial monarchs. As a persistent world, why should a gentleman make things so mysterious and be a trustworthy confidant? " This is really a pathetic argument. Excuse me, can our present persistent world be compared with that of Archean? No, that means you have to use your head. Moreover, the changes in the world are often trapped in the so-called peace and prosperity, as Tian Wen said: "If there are few children, the country will be in danger, and the ministers will not be attached."
Isn't it chilling that there is no confidant in this situation? Before the death of Emperor Gaozu, the world was stable, but Liu Bang still asked Zhou Bo to assist Huidi and Emperor Xiaowen. Before the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the world had been rectified, but he also ordered Huo Guang to be a confidant of filial piety and honor Emperor Zhao and Xuan Di.
Even if there is a steady trend that Mount Tai cannot fail, saints often worry about accumulating eggs. Thus, in a successful world, a saint can't help knowing his friends.
Zuo Zhuan said, "A hundred officials always listen to the Prime Minister." If the prime minister is not a loyal minister, how can the son of heaven entrust him to manage world affairs without doubting him for three years? "Zuo Zhuan" also said: "Hunting once every five years."
If the emperor has no confidant and makes five-year routine inspections, how can he rest assured that he will shelve the capital thousands of miles away? Who will guard the capital for him? Now every family should have an old man and the poor should have a bosom friend, so as to open their hearts and help those in need.
As a son of heaven, why shouldn't there be loyal subjects? In modern times, some kings were arrogant and prime ministers were obedient. There is a clear line between monarch and minister, and there is no communication between superiors and subordinates.
I see you as far away from the stars in the sky and as close as I can get. The monarch looks down on the courtiers in the sky, but there is no love. This will easily lead to such a situation: the state is worried and officials are not worried; If you are worried, your officials will not feel humiliated; When the monarch is humiliated, the courtiers will not die for the monarch.
In addition, modern monarchs do not have their own standards of employing people. One person said that someone would hire him immediately, while another said that someone would give him up immediately if he was not good. In this atmosphere, as prime minister, it is too late for him to avoid suspicion and ridicule. Where can he concentrate on worrying about state affairs? The uncertainty of external decline and the uncertainty of trust made the prime minister regard the prime minister's office as a legend.
A hundred officials, above the son of heaven. In case of emergency, the monarch and his subjects will be displaced or even killed. Therefore, in my opinion, saints appoint confidants, respect them as fathers and love them as brothers, have no suspicion or taboo, eat and sleep together, know everything, say everything and argue with each other. Me, too. I also gave him a noble title, a good salary and full authority, and then discussed state secrets with him.
Han Qi, the Prime Minister, appreciated Su Xun's article and reported it to the imperial court, so he asked Su Xun to try to give it up, but he didn't show up on the grounds of illness. So he was appointed as the secretary of the provincial school book lang.
At that time, it happened that Tai Chang wrote The Book of Rites from Stegosaurus, so Su Xun was the monarch book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou, and shared the Book of Rites with Yao Bi, commander of Xiangcheng, Chen Zhou, and wrote one hundred volumes of Tai Chang Ge Li. Unfortunately, after writing, Su Xun died as soon as he appeared. The emperor specially sent silks and silks to his family, but his son Su Shi dismissed the money and just wanted to give it to an official. Therefore, the emperor specially gave Su Xun the honor of Guanglu Temple, and ordered relevant departments to ship Su Xun's body back to Sichuan.
Su Xun has 20 volumes of collected works and 3 volumes of Interpretation of the Law.
2. Su Xun's classical Chinese is about 200 words, and Su Xun's Six Kingdoms:
The downfall of the six countries was not bad for soldiers, but bad for war and Qin. If you are guilty of Qin, you will lose your vitality, and you will be defeated. Or: the six countries mourn each other and lead the way to Qin? People who don't take bribes will lose their lives, and they will lose their strong support, so they can't do it alone. Therefore, the disadvantage lies in the bribery of Qin.
In addition to capturing Qin, the small ones captured the city and the big ones captured the city. Compared with the income of the Qin dynasty, it is actually one hundred times more than the people who won the battle; In fact, the death of princes is a hundred times that of the defeated. Then the great desire of the Qin dynasty, the great misfortune of the princes, is not in war. Think of my grandfather, dew cream dew, cut thorns to make room. Children and grandchildren don't cherish it very much, and giving it to others is like throwing away dirt. Cut five cities today, ten cities tomorrow, and then sleep for one night. Looking around, the pool is coming again. However, the vassal's land is limited, and the desire to storm Qin is insatiable. The more complicated it is, the more urgent it is. Therefore, the victory or defeat of the enemy without fighting has already decided the outcome. As for subversion, what is reasonable is reasonable. The ancients said: "Serving Qin with the earth is more like carrying firewood to put out the fire. The salary is endless and the fire will not go out." This statement is correct.
Qi people didn't blame Qin, and finally the five countries moved out. What a pity! And won without helping the five countries. Since the five countries fell, they must be together. The prince, from the beginning, was far away, but he could keep his land and was not loyal to Qin. Therefore, although Yan was a small country and then died, it was also effective to use troops. For Dan, with Jing Qing as the plan, the disaster started soon. Zhao tasted five battles in Qin, two defeats and three wins. After the Qin Dynasty, Zhao was attacked again, but Li Mulian did it. It's a pity that Mu Mu punished Handan for libel, but used force instead of end. When Zhao Yan's Qin Dynasty was completely destroyed, it could be said that it was a desperate situation, and it was a last resort to die in defeat. In order to make the Three Kingdoms love their places, Qi people should not be attached to Qin, assassins should not, and good generals should still be there, so the number of victories and defeats and the principle of survival are not easy to measure compared with Qin.
Oh! To bribe the land of Qin, seal the world's advisers, serve the heart of Qin, treat the world's wizards, and strive to go west, then I am afraid that the Qin people will not be able to swallow their meals. Sad husband! With this trend, it was robbed by the power accumulated by the Qin people, and the moon was lacking day by day, in order to tend to extinction. People who serve the country are robbed by accumulated power!
Husband and Qin were vassals, weaker than Qin, but there was still a tendency to win without taking bribes. The story that the world is big and the six countries are broken is that it is under the six countries again.
Yan Shu forty rhymes:
Ren Junbei came to write Taizhou Monument. Because it was written by Duke Lu, he left me without hesitation. Duke Lu is a hero, generous and honest. I remember at the end of Tianbao, I became a fisherman. The brave don't deserve it, and the Confucian scholars cross the banner of righteousness. Thanks to dozens of counties for fighting Qiang Yi. The new momentum is still weak, and Humali has not failed. It's strange to sigh that you can't win the war. Brother Gao died in Changshan, and the martyrs were in tears. Lu Gong is not a sworn enemy, and the world is bustling. Why don't you love it enough to step on whale fins? Gong Gu was not afraid of death, but I was really sad at that time. I miss my friendship, but I'm sorry I was born late. I have seen different views recently, and I don't know who the author is. It is strange that Yungong is not dead. Generally speaking, everyone belongs to the public mentality. Try not to die and comfort this bitterness and sigh. I want to cry in the cemetery, so I don't know. Love his life, often lost. This word comes from the public hand, and it is sighing when you see it. The public is not good at books, and the pen and ink are chaotic. Think about his life, or abandon Luqi? This word is strange and magnificent. Jun is extremely deep and steady, and his bones are old and broken. Direction is harmony, connection is not opposition. Like a person, nose, eyes, ears, eyebrows. They are different from each other and related to each other. Being far away from the stars in the sky is like being at loggerheads. Left and right self-assembly, or beating or dusting. The bone is strict and the tail is heavy, so it is not dangerous to place it. There is no weak lintel in a tall building. Antiquities should be proportional, and legal objects should be regular. Think from the beginning, be solemn, and don't feel inferior. It is not good for Liu Yu to end her troubles. The brushwork has not deviated from the customs, and laymen dare to peek. When I saw this word, I had nothing to do with it. A car can learn a hundred things, and an axe is easy to do. Round and round, there is a bright moon, I want to draw the shape. Who knows loyalty, strength is still there. So, a few pieces of paper made me sigh again.
3. Su Xun introduced Su Xun.
Name: Su Xun, Zi Mingyun, Lao Quan.
Gender: male
Date of birth and death: 1009— 1066.
Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Literary period: Song Dynasty literature.
Genre: Su San, Tang and Song Eight Masters
Masterpiece: On the Balance between Rights and Books
Brief introduction to life
Prose writer in northern song dynasty. Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, they are called "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people.
It is said that I didn't study until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. Three years after Jiayou, Renzong called him to the Scheeren's office to take the exam, but he said that he was ill and refused to reply. For five years, Jia You served as the secretary of the provincial school book lang. Later, he wrote "Tai Chang Li" with Yao He, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.
Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. He believes that to govern the country well, it is necessary to "assess the situation" and "smooth the situation." He advocated "respecting prestige", strengthening official management, breaking the laziness, inspiring the enterprising spirit of the people all over the world and revitalizing the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun has a good understanding of social reality, is good at summing up historical experience and lessons, and takes history as a mirror, although his political essays inevitably have some pedantic and biased views, many of his views are still to the point.
Ceng Gong said that Su Xun "likes to call a spade a spade very much". Su Xun's 65,438+00 books, Tactics, Counting the Enemy, Balance of Power, Secret Books of Shang Dynasty, Enemy System and Book of Shang Emperor, all discuss military issues. In the famous Six Kingdoms, he believed that the downfall of the Six Kingdoms was to bribe the State of Qin. In fact, it is a mockery of the past and accuses the humiliating policy of the Song Dynasty. The investigation of the enemy further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to cripple the people. The Military System puts forward the idea of reforming the military system, restoring military morality and credibility. The Bill of Rights systematically studies the strategic and tactical issues. In Ji Xiang, he pointed out the strategic mistake that Ji Xiang could not attack Xianyang. He also emphasized the strategic and tactical principles of avoiding reality, attacking the weak with strong force, making good use of surprise soldiers, suspecting soldiers, making a quick decision and winning by surprise.
Su Xun's lyric prose is not much, but there are also many wonderful chapters. In "Sending Stone to the North", he hoped that Shi, a friend of the Qidan, would not be afraid of * *, underestimate his enemy and write with momentum. The Portrait of Zhang Yizhou describes Zhang's deeds of governing Yizhou, and creates an image of a feudal official who is lenient and loves the people. The Story of the Wooden Rockery expresses feelings with things, praising a spirit of self-reliance and integrity.
Su Xun's prose has distinct arguments, strong arguments, sharp language and strong persuasiveness. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "excellent eloquence" and said that "going up and down, fast-forward and fast-out, must be built deep and then stop" ("Epitaph of the Soviet Union in the Lord's Book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou"); Ceng Gong also commented on his articles "Pointing at things, saying things with an introduction" and "Worry must not be chaotic, the boss must not flow" ("Mourning for Su Mingyun"), both of which are more pertinent. The artistic style is magnificent and varied. Some articles are also good at twists and turns. Su Xun also evaluated his works as "poet's softness, poet's simplicity, Meng Han's softness, moving and merging, Sun Wu's simplicity" in his book "Going to the Field with Dense Density". The language of his article is concise, concise and meaningful; But sometimes, he can be on a par with others, and he is especially good at making vivid and wonderful metaphors, such as "The Story of Brother Zhong Fu Ziwen", which uses geomantic omen as a metaphor and makes a natural description, which is an example.
Su Xun's paper is also full of penetrating insights. He opposes flashy and weird prose and advocates learning ancient prose; Emphasize that the article should be "sincerely convinced" and write "from the heart"; It is advocated that articles should be "made for things" and "words must be in the present". He also discussed different styles of * * * and different writing methods. He is especially good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various essays from comparison. For example, the first book "The Connotation of Shang Ouyang" commented well on the articles of Mencius, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu.
Su Xun doesn't write many poems, but he is good at writing five ancient poems, which are simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems were "profound and tasteful, and the words were like their prose" (Shi Lin Shi Hua). His two poems by Ouyang Yongshu, White Rabbit, Seeing the Mountain off, Yan Shu, Answering Two Covenants and Waiting for Wu, are excellent, but their overall achievements are far less than those of prose.
Su Xun's works were popular in various versions in the Song Dynasty, and most of them had been lost. Today, there is a remnant of the Collected Works of Lao Su in the Northern Song Dynasty. Popular books include four-part collection, shadow song banknote book, nail polish collection, volume 15.
contemporary writer
Ceng Gong, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Su Zhe
4. Answer Wang Yiming's Translation of Classical Chinese Recently, I began to study and read the collected works of Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Ceng Gong, Chen Liang and Lu You wholeheartedly. Every time I read an article, I get palpitations and feel that I can't read it. However, people are impatient with quietness, and they get tired before they finish watching it, so as to promote young people to travel, or meet beautiful scenery and spend time playing in the sun.
It's your own fault for being stubborn, so what you do is supervise yourself with a maid. If you are a little tired from reading, scold him, or lift his ears, knock his head and wipe his nose, and you will wake up quickly. "Handmaiden than life, punish it. After studying for a long time, I gradually got used to studying hard. When the ancients expressed their intention, or had a little understanding, they called for a jump, like a deer rushing to spring! Cao Gong said, "I am old and eager to learn, only me and Yuan Boye. (5) "When you know that reading is also difficult.
(Excerpted from Yuan Daohong, author of Answering Wang Yiming)
Note (1) Mouth: Mouth can't be closed normally, and it is described as electric shock. (2) roll. 3 tired horse: lead the horse and prepare the horse. Maid: Maid, maid. ⑤ Yuan Boye: Yuan Shao's younger brother Yuan Yi, whose real name is Boye.
Recently, I began to study hard and read the collected works of Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Ceng Gong, Chen Jia and Lu You. Every time I read an article, I was shocked by my heartbeat. I can't keep my mouth shut and think I can't read. However, I can't stand loneliness. Before I finished reading a book, I called on people to prepare horses and urged young friends to travel. Sometimes when you meet a good scenery, you will enjoy it all day.
When I come back, I blame myself for being so stubborn and stupid. What will you achieve in the future? So I asked a maid to supervise myself. When I feel a little sleepy when reading, I will let him scold me, sometimes pull my ear, sometimes knock my head, and sometimes scrape my nose until I wake up. "The maid didn't do as I told her, so she was punished. After a long time, I gradually got used to studying hard. Sometimes I understand one or two subtle ideas of the ancients, which are called jumping, just like a thirsty deer rushing to a spring! Cao Cao once said, "When I am old, I am easy to learn, just Yuan Yi and me. "You should know that reading is also difficult.
5. Su Shi's autumn ode to classical Chinese exercises answers 1. General knowledge of literature: (2 points) Ouyang Xiu, a literary leader in the Northern Song Dynasty, was nicknamed "Drunken Man", and in his later years, he was called "a layman on June 1", and he was also called "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Song Dynasty.
Second, the vocabulary arrangement of classical Chinese: (64 points) 1, explaining ancient and modern synonyms: (1) Its capacity is clear, the sky is crisp and sunny: clear and bright; (2) When things are too rich, kill them: they will decline; (3) Black is a star: small white hair; 2. I have a feeling (4) Everything is difficult: do it? 3. tired 3. Explain other keywords: (1) Hearing the sound coming from the southwest is creepy: panic; (2) Like a soldier walking towards the enemy, galloping with a weapon: running; (3) He is angry and fierce; Yu Wei (4) If he moves in the middle, he must shake his essence: in his heart. Shake: loss.
(5) If you think about who is a thief, why hate Qiu Sheng! Thief: Hurt (6) but smell insects on the four walls, if it helps me sigh, but smell: only smell (7) bitter and bitter, hurting people's bones and muscles: thorns (8) are bleak, smoke gathers: (9) Ouyang Zifang reads at night: Zheng 4, explaining function words. And (3) the grass is lush and the trees are lush and pleasant, (4) the grass is brushed and discolored, and the trees touch and the leaves fall off the stage. As for (5) old things are sad, things are too rich, and words should be connected. A prize-winning survey about Baidu library users is 1/3 (6) I heard that the voice came from the southwest to indicate the attributive postposition, and the auxiliary word (2) should be sassafras, and the dark one is the pronoun of the star, and (3) refers to the hair, which was destroyed because of anger. The auxiliary word starts with (1), starts with sprinkle, and then rush and bang. Put (3) Why take stone as stone and want to win glory with vegetation: preposition, rely on, cover Qiu Fu's behavior with (1): express independence and don't translate (2) grass turns pale when it blows, and leaves fall off when it touches wood: pronoun refers to autumn wind (3) refers to loyalty between heaven and earth, and often takes chilling as the heart. (attributive postposition) 2. It destroys odds and ends because it is angry and fierce.
(judgment) 3. Business is not good. (judgment) 4. Qiu Fu is also a criminal official.
5. Why did Hu Weiwei come? Translated sentence: (13 points) 1. Hearing the sound coming from the southwest, I listened in horror. (2 points)-Hearing the sound coming from the southwest, you can't help but listen in horror. You are worried, and everything has its shape. If you move in the middle, you will shake its essence.
(3 points)-All kinds of sad things make his heart and emotions suffer, and endless things make his body tired and his heart moved, which will inevitably consume his essence. 3, and the feeling is not enough, worrying about its wisdom, it is appropriate to be a towering tree, and one black is a star.
(3 points)-More importantly, we should think about what power can't do and worry about what wisdom can't solve. This will certainly make his ruddy young face as old as dead wood, and stars and white hair will appear in his shiny black hair.
4. The grass is lush and the beautiful trees are lush and pleasant. Grass changes color when brushed, and wood falls off when touched.
(3 points) —— (Summer) Lush green grasses compete with each other and flourish; The tall trees are lush and pleasant. Grass changes color when it is brushed by autumn wind, and trees lose their leaves when it meets autumn wind.
5. It was defeated and shattered because it was fierce. (2 points) 2/3-They declined because of the afterglow of autumn.
Read the text and answer (points): (12) 1. What scenery does the first paragraph depict? How to describe it? What are the advantages of writing like this? (3 points) A: Autumn sounds. From the perspective of hearing, metaphorically, it is written that the autumn sound is turbulent and fierce.
The figurative metaphor, through the intangible tangible description, turns the virtual into the real, writes the shape of the autumn sound, and leads to the author's sadness about autumn. 2. What is written in the second paragraph besides describing the autumn sound? What does this have to do with writing about Qiu Ge? (3 points) A: Autumn is bleak, autumn is bright, autumn is gloomy, mountains and rivers are lonely, autumn is cold and destroys vegetation, autumn is cold and autumn is sad.
Set off the sadness of autumn sound, set off the sadness of Ouyang's heart. 3. In the third paragraph, what kind of life sentiment does the author express from Listening to Autumn Sound? (3 points) A: From the sounds of autumn and vegetation, from vegetation to life, I feel sad about autumn.
"But with the quality of stone, want to win glory with vegetation? Think about who is a thief, why hate autumn sound! " Worried that people do more harm to people than the air does to vegetation in autumn. People should be content with contentment, and don't compete with others for glory.
The author has a thorough understanding of life and is eager to get rid of the dust and take it lightly. 4. Write "boy" twice, and what is the beauty of writing "insect sound" at the end of the article? (3 points) A: The vicissitudes of Ouyang Zi are in contrast with the inexplicable ignorant style of boys, which is very touching; Ouyang Zi's mood is sad and lonely with the chirping of autumn insects.