Every place should have its own customary way of expressing affection. Just like a key, a name or a gesture can open the barrier between you and the locals. If you are in Jiangxi, especially in southern Gansu, which is known as the "Qing Shu Qi of Zhongzhou", there is a secret to communicate well with the locals - affectionately call "old cousin"! Don’t underestimate this seemingly rustic title. It is a bridge that brings closer relationships between strangers in Jiangxi. Maybe the hospitable host will invite you to his home to taste the unique "lei" of the Hakka people. "Tea"! Jiangxi people themselves also call each other "Laobiao" instead of "comrade" and "fellow fellow", adding a sense of intimacy to their simplicity.
Jiangxi people have a long history of favoring "old watches", and the earliest statement may be traced back to the totem era. According to research, "Biao" often referred to wood in the old days. For example, in "Xuan Gong's Twelve Years": "Tomorrow, the corpses that are used to represent the body will be found under the wood." Du's note: "Biao refers to wood." And Qing Jiang Wu The excavation of the city ruins revealed that the red clay altar of the Shang Dynasty was "distributed with hundreds of pillar holes of different sizes, mostly arranged in rows or staggered." This is obviously the original fetishistic totem of the Dongyi people in the Jianghuai River Basin and the Jiangnan Zhanyan area. Pillar faith. From the mid-Shang Dynasty to the end of the Warring States Period, "Laobiao" had written records. So there is a saying that "Laobiao" is originally a folk saying for totem poles, and it is the memory residue of the totem image among Jiangxi ethnic groups.
Although this kind of totem traceability can push the origin of "Laobiao" forward, after all, it involves a lot of ancient documents and historical research, and not many people can understand and accept it. Ordinary people are more inclined to understand "old cousin" as a cousin according to today's way of thinking. But is it a cousin of Jiangxi Province, or a cousin relationship between Jiangxi and neighboring provinces? In the legend, there are two flowers blooming, each representing one.
Some people say that the title "Laobiao" was spontaneously initiated by the Hakka people in Jiangxi to adapt to the unfamiliar living environment. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people in the Central Plains have been demoted, stationed, or looking for a new living space. They have moved southward as a whole, and most of them have settled in the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong, and Gansu, which are blocked by mountains and mountains. The indigenous people call themselves "tiger sitting on the ground" and the Hakka people (i.e. the Han people in the Central Plains) are "tiger crossing the mountain". The natives and guests fought each other for fields and mountains, and the two tigers fought fiercely. Hakkas who have different nationalities, surnames, and sects wisely use the term "old cousin" to strengthen their relationship with other Hakkas, so as to unite and share the same boat. The purpose of economic development and mutual dependence in times of adversity. Over time, "Lao Biao" became a custom and became an affectionate term for Hakkas in Jiangxi to socialize and establish new interpersonal relationships.
Another theory is also about migration, but it is not moving into Jiangxi, but moving out of Jiangxi. "Laobiao" is the nickname given to the ancestor of Jiangxi by the surrounding provinces. The historical reason may be that Jiangxi was not incorporated into the national political map very early. After the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou, Fujian and other provinces were included, and the geographical location gradually became apparent. However, agriculture is still the mainstay. Due to premature saturation of the population, most people in Jiangxi are engaged in farming. Traveling around, mostly in remote areas. People in Fujian feel that only they can call people in Jiangxi "old cousin"; people in Guangdong also believe that they are cousins ??to people in Jiangxi; there is a legend in Hubei that the people in Hubei were all killed in the past and later migrated here on the basis of three brothers from Jiangxi. , was passed down, and there are still places where there are ancestral halls commemorating these three brothers; more of them are Hunanese. Mr. Zou Huaheng’s "Hunan Genealogy" stated this: "Most of the ancestors who moved to Hunan came from Jiangxi. Now. Among the Hunan genealogies seen, when describing the origin of the lineage, more than 60 genealogies claim that the first ancestors came from Jiangxi during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties from Taihe, Luling, Jishui, and Nanchang Prefectures in Ji'an, Jiangxi The counties of Fengcheng and Nanchang... Years of wars and wars in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties left most of the countryside in Hunan deserted, the houses in ruins, and the original residents dispersed in large numbers. People from Ganxi, especially people from Jiangxi, poured into Hunan in large numbers... Folk songs spread the saying that "Jiangxi fills Huguang".
Nowadays, when people in Hunan talk about people from Jiangxi, they often call them Jiangxi laobiao. The author is at a loss as to what it means. In view of the historical origin of the ancestors of Hunan people who mostly come from Jiangxi, I can’t explain it casually: Biao means cousin, referring to father, sister and mother. Children born to brothers and sisters are called cousins; elders are called ancestors. "Lao Biao" means the cousin of the ancestors, and "Jiangxi Lao Biao" refers to the cousin relationship between the ancestors of people in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. It is a nickname given by Hunan people to Jiangxi people. ”
In addition, there are some statements that are not recognized by the public, but are quite interesting. You might as well share one or two of them for the benefit of readers.
Gannan is The birthplace of Feng Shui culture, the Hakkas in southern Jiangxi believe deeply in Feng Shui. This is also recorded in local chronicles: “It is easy to talk about Feng Shui, but it is too confusing to talk about Feng Shui. There are many people who change their burials during the Qingming Festival and Winter Solstice. "People believe in Feng Shui, and they often open their eyes more than ten years after the burial to check the auspiciousness of the acupoints." In the late Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong took refuge in southern Jiangxi and founded the "Situation School" of Feng Shui. Some people judged the location of Gan based on these historical facts. The ancestors believed in Feng Shui, and in order to help them grasp the direction during migration, Jiangxi people liked to carry a watch with them, which was the compass in ancient times. Therefore, they were called "Laobiao" by outsiders.
There is another saying. Xuan is related to Zhang Tianshi. It is well known that Zhang Tianshi is good at drawing talismans, that is, drawing frames. He once "occupied the world for thirty-seven years, but the people suffered many disasters." It is the decree of the emperor, the emperor of three yuan, three grades and three officials came down to the earth to observe the good and evil in the world. The good people should be spread to others to avoid disaster for the whole family. If you copy one piece and share it with others, you will avoid disaster for one family; if you copy ten pieces, you will avoid disaster for ten families. "His talisman mounting was praised by the emperor, and the word "Jiangxi Lao mounting" spread among the people, which was later alienated into "Lao Biao".
However, the term "Lao Biao" was not widely spread. This is attributed to Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. In the history of the Ming Dynasty, there is a chapter about his war with Han Wang Chen Youliang in Jiangxi. Chen Youliang was the leader of another uprising. In the early days of the war, Chen Youliang dispatched several giant ships. Ten ships almost wiped out Zhu Yuanzhang's army. Zhu Yuanzhang and his remaining troops were defeated and fled in panic. Zhu Yuanzhang himself was hit by several arrows and was seriously injured. Fortunately, the local villagers helped him heal his wounds in time, and Zhu Yuanzhang recovered quickly. He finally made a comeback, defeated Chen Youliang, and laid a solid foundation for unifying the country and establishing the Ming Dynasty. In order to thank the villagers in Jiangxi, Zhu Yuanzhang promised them that if he became successful in the future, the villagers would just call him "Jiangxi old cousin." , they will definitely be entertained. As expected, within a few years after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, Jiangxi suffered from successive floods, and the people were suffering from hunger and cold. Remembering Zhu Yuanzhang's promise, they went to Yingtian Mansion. Looking for the emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang met with the "old cousin" in Jiangxi, asked about the reason, and allocated a large amount of money and food to help the victims in Jiangxi. From then on, word spread throughout the country as to which region of Jiangxi the "old cousin" was from. There are different opinions about the people who rescued Zhu Yuanzhang. Some said it was Kanglang Mountain in Yugan County, some said it was the foot of Mount Lu, and some said it was Nankang County in the mountainous area of ??southern Jiangxi. In short, they all hold different opinions, but they all placed their trust in the people of Jiangxi. Deep affection for the word "old cousin"
However, Zhu Yuanzhang's reputation in history seems to have never been recognized by future generations. Is it true that he can kill the generals who have experienced bloody life and death with him. Would he care about a few "old cousins ??from Jiangxi"?
It is said that in 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and became emperor in Nanjing. People from all walks of life came to Beijing to worship and celebrate him. When he saw so many people arriving in the capital, it was not only difficult for him to stay in the capital, but also difficult for him to cope with, so he quickly ordered everyone to come to Beijing in order. It was said that the troops from the southwest had traveled day and night, and when they had reached Changsha Prefecture, an oral order was urgently issued, ordering the troops to "rest in Changsha for three days, and then proceed to Beijing according to the order." "The subordinates misheard the oral instructions and mistook "rest" as "bloodbath" - "three days of bloodbath in Changsha." The emperor's golden mouth and jade teeth made his decrees clear, and those who disobeyed the decrees were executed. So the Ming army carried out a bloodbath in Changsha Mansion. There was a bloody massacre. They killed everyone they saw, regardless of gender, age or child. They killed ten houses in Changsha, leaving corpses everywhere, rivers of blood, and no trace of human beings.
When the banquet begins, the groom's family must carry out the etiquette of setting up the banquet. There is no doubt that the bride-to-be uncle, regardless of his age, must sit at the banquet. There are also playing and playing and firecrackers being set off at the banquet. Some bridegrooms will hide at this time. The groom will look around and find him and give him red envelopes before he can sit down at the banquet. During the wedding ceremony, the wedding uncle usually stays with the sister. After the people in the wedding room have dispersed in the dead of night, some wedding uncles, especially young ones, will stay there and refuse to leave, saying that they want to sleep with their sisters. At this time, the groom has to put a lot of effort into coaxing the bride-to-be uncle away by using both soft and hard tactics, such as luring him with red envelopes. At this time, no matter how impatient or irritable the groom and his family are, they will endure it. This fully shows that Jiangxi people do not dare to be ambiguous in their attitude towards their uncle.
Moreover, whenever there is a banquet, at every Eight Immortals table, as long as there is an uncle, he must sit on the table. This cousin relationship is recognized by the entire society.
Jiangxi people are so cute and sincerely like the title of "old cousin", and warmly greet guests from all over the country, and practice their role as "old cousin" to the people of the whole country!
Reference article: ""Jiangxi Laobiao dialect" and "Hakka dialect" (1)" Huang Jianmin Xiao Zongying
""Jiangxi Laobiao" nickname test" Wu Zhicun
p>"The Origin of "Jiangxi Old Biao"" Zhou Yingcai
"Hakka Married Daughter: Giving to Uncle" Qiu Chaoping
Reference website: .cn/478/2004- 4-2/30004@78461.htm
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