the general layout of construction is the general layout of the construction site of the proposed project. According to the requirements of construction plan and construction progress, it makes reasonable planning and arrangement for road traffic, material warehouse, processing site, main machinery and equipment, temporary houses, temporary water and electricity pipelines, etc. on the construction site, so as to correctly handle the spatial relationship between various facilities needed during the construction of the whole site and permanent buildings and proposed projects.
the construction general layout is an important part of the project construction organization design (and some special construction schemes), and it is also an important part of the technical target in the project bidding. Now the application of CAD is popular, and the general layout of construction is basically drawn by CAD. Taking the application of CAD software as an example, this paper explains how to draw the general layout of construction well.
basis for drawing the general layout of construction
1. Various design materials, including construction site plan, topographic and geomorphological maps, regional planning maps, and all existing and proposed facilities within the scope of construction projects.
2. site investigation of the construction project (surrounding roads and traffic conditions, existing buildings, water and electricity connection ports, site drainage ports, construction areas, and the setting of entrances and exits of the fence, etc.).
3. The general situation, construction scheme and construction progress plan of the construction project, so as to understand the situation of each construction stage and plan the construction site reasonably.
4. List of all kinds of building materials, processed products, construction machinery and means of transport (including information such as required quantity and outline dimensions), so as to plan storage sites and transportation routes within the construction site.
5. The scale of each component processing plant, the required quantity and specifications of warehouses and other temporary facilities.
6. Technical Specification for Fire Safety on Construction Site of Construction Engineering (GB572-211) and Technical Specification for Temporary Buildings on Construction Site (JJ/T188-29).
7. Relevant regulations of local authorities and the construction unit on safe and civilized construction on the construction site, and the safety and civilized construction standards of the construction unit.
2 principles for drawing the general layout of construction
1. On the premise of meeting the construction requirements, occupy less land and do not occupy traffic roads.
2. The layout of main construction machinery and equipment meets the construction requirements.
3. Minimize the transportation distance in the yard and avoid secondary handling as much as possible.
4. On the premise of meeting the construction needs, the smaller the temporary works, the better, so as to reduce the temporary works cost.
5. Give full consideration to labor protection, environmental protection, technical safety and fire protection requirements.
6. Abide by the relevant regulations of local authorities and the construction unit on safe and civilized construction on the construction site.
3 main contents and drawing steps of construction general layout
1. Draw the proposed buildings (structures) and determine the construction site area. (Now, you can basically copy the electronic drawings of the general layout of the building from the design institute, but you need to do graphic processing first. For details, see Article 2 in Part VI. )
2. Set up fences, entrances and exits, and introduce off-site traffic roads; The construction site area is divided into field office area, temporary living area and field production area.
3. Layout of on-site production area (different layout requirements will be different in the construction stage, taking the superstructure construction as an example):
(1) Layout of main machinery and equipment (tower crane layout is considered first, then construction elevator layout is considered, and other machinery such as concrete pumps can be arranged after internal transportation roads are arranged).
(2) arrange internal transportation roads.
(3) Arrange the processing plant and mixing station (consider the steel bar processing plant first).
(4) Arrange the temporary facilities in the production area (warehouse, steel shed, woodwork shed, guard room, reservoir, car wash pool, etc.).
(5) yard for materials, semi-finished products and components.
4. Layout of on-site office area and temporary living area. -If the site is small, and the site office area and temporary living area are set up in another rented place or at another designated location by Party A, a layout plan is attached.
5. Arrange temporary water and electricity pipe network and drainage system.
6. necessary legends, descriptions and labels, compass, etc.
4 drawing methods and skills of construction general layout
1. Drawing in stages
Taking the general contracting project of housing construction as an example, it is suggested to arrange the layout in the following stages:
(1) Excavation and support stage of foundation pit-at this stage, the production area should draw the foundation pit sideline, foundation pit ramp, transportation passage, foundation pit drainage ditch and grit chamber, and the entrance and exit should be provided with car wash tanks.
(2) Pile foundation construction stage
(3) Basement construction stage-At this stage, the production area should draw the foundation pit sideline, and draw the outer line of the basement structure and post-pouring belt, and the tower crane layout should meet the requirements of superstructure construction.
(4) superstructure construction stage-at this stage, the outer line of the basement of the production area can be drawn as a dotted line, and the layout of the processing plant is different from that of the basement construction stage. Some processing plants can be moved to the basement roof, and the construction elevator layout, masonry material storage yard and installation site layout can be added.
(5) decoration and installation construction stage-the steel bar processing plant, formwork processing plant and scaffold material storage yard required for the structural construction of the production area at this stage should be replaced, and the decoration construction site and installation site layout should be added.
(6) outdoor engineering construction stage-at this stage, the processing yard and material storage yard are basically replaced, and the influential office area and temporary living area should also be replaced. At this stage, the residential roads and outdoor landscape structures should be painted.
2. Handling of construction site plan
construction site plan is used as the base map of the general layout of the construction, but graphic processing must be carried out, otherwise it will be messy. The following illustrates how to deal with construction site plan by taking the general layout of the upper construction stage as an example.
generally, the general layout of the roof is selected as the base map, and the method of closing the layer is mainly adopted when dealing with it. What must be preserved are: the red line of land use, the outer line of basement, the outer contour line of the proposed building, the contour line of the surrounding existing buildings, the route of the surrounding existing municipal roads, the building number and the number of floors; Can be disposed of: building control line, greening, landscape (such as sporadic structures, paving, etc.), residential roads, coordinates and dimension labels, elevation labels with small site height difference can also be closed, and when the above contents cannot be disposed of by closing the layer, the delete command can be used to delete them.
construction site plan after processing should also enlarge the font of the reserved words appropriately (generally 2-3 times), because design institutes generally use A1 paper for drawing, and we generally use A3 paper for drawing in the construction or scheme, so we can't see clearly without enlarging the font.
The foundation pit sideline required for drawing the general layout of the basement stage construction can be copied and pasted from the supporting design plan, and the required post-pouring belt line of the basement can be copied and pasted from the basement structure plan.
3. Setting of layers, colors and linetypes
The following layers are mainly added to the processed construction site plan: temporary facilities layer (including office area, temporary living area, warehouse, etc.), processing yard and yard layer, internal transportation road layer and main construction machinery layer. Different colors should be set for the new layers (it is best not to use lighter colors such as yellow), so as to adjust the printing effect when printing the drawing finally. General tower crane coverage line adopts dotted line type.
4. Accurate drawing by CAD
It is necessary to draw in proportion, that is, no matter what kind of drawing, remember to draw with 1MM corresponding to each standard unit in AUTOCAD. For example, the transportation channel is 4 meters wide, which is 4mm (that is, 4 meters) measured in CAD; The size of the tower is 2m× 2m, and each side measured in CAD is 2mm；. Tower crane covers a radius of 5 meters, which is 5mm in CAD.
5. Layout of tower crane
The plane position of tower crane mainly depends on the plane shape of the building and the surrounding site conditions. Generally arranged at the edge of the building, the high-rise building must be reinforced with a wall, and the distance from the wall is about 5 meters; The service radius of tower crane should basically cover high-rise towers; If prefabricated members or steel structures are hoisted, the hoisting capacity of the selected tower crane should be checked (the farthest distance and the heaviest member); Group towers should be arranged to avoid each other, but the coverage should be overlapped in a small part; Tower crane layout should also consider the convenience of disassembly.
6. Arrange transportation roads
(1) Use the original roads as much as possible;
(2) It meets the fire protection requirements and the width is not less than 3.5m；; If the construction site is loose, you can set up two lanes, and if the site is narrow, you can set up a single lane, preferably in a ring shape, or set up a return yard;
(3) The transportation corridor should be accessible from the municipal roads to the main processing plants and construction elevators as far as possible.
7. Arrange the construction elevator, concrete pump and other machinery
When arranging the construction elevator, check the standard floor plane of the tower, try to set it on the balcony, and set up a double cage construction elevator for each unit in the upper floor; The concrete delivery pump shall be set as close as possible to the entrance and exit.
8. Determine the location of steel bar processing yard, mixing station, processing shed and material and component storage yard; Should be as close as possible to the place of use or within the capacity of the crane, and can not affect the transportation channel. The name and occupied area of each processing plant should be marked, and the steel processing plant generally needs 8 square meters.
9. Necessary legends, explanations and annotations
Necessary annotations include: the building number of the proposed building, the number of floors, the names of surrounding municipal roads, the construction fence, the outer line of the basement, the names and areas of various temporary facilities, the names and areas of various processing plants, etc. The necessary illustrations are: tower crane, construction elevator, concrete pump, mixer, reservoir, cement tank, generator room, etc. For those that cannot be expressed on the map, you can make a written explanation, and for those that are arranged separately in the temporary living area of the small office area of the site, you can make a written explanation.
1. Layout of temporary water and electricity pipe network
The layout is mainly based on the construction layout of the main structure, which can be plotted separately.
(1) layout of temporary water supply: the pipe diameter of water supply is determined according to calculation, and the pipe network layout should basically cover the main proposed buildings, which can be arranged along the inner half circle of the construction fence, and fire hydrants should be set according to the needs of on-site fire fighting. Each tower should be equipped with at least one water supply point (the riser rises with the floor), and the main entrance, reservoir, mixing station, living area and office area should be equipped with water supply points.
(2) arrangement of temporary power supply: transformer, power consumption and wires are determined by calculation: distribution box arrangement, switch box arrangement and safe overhead distance meet the power consumption specifications and fire protection requirements.
11. Print and plot
This is the last step, and it is also an important step. Before printing, the printing style should be set, and the printing line width and color should be set according to the color. When printing in black and white, you can set the printing color of important content to black and the line width to .3mm, the printing color of general content to blue and the line width to .2mm, and the printing color of secondary content to gray and the line width to .1 mm..
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