China Northern Song Dynasty Imperial Mausoleum is located in the hilly area between the northern foot of Songshan Mountain and Luohe River in Gongxian County, Henan Province. The total area is about 30 square kilometers. Located between Zhengzhou and Luoyang, Longhai Railway passes through the territory and Kailuo Expressway runs through the east and west. There is Songshan Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the north, which is surrounded by mountains and waters. The scenery here is beautiful, and it is known as "born in Suzhou and Hangzhou and buried in Beimang".
Nine emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty, except Hui and Qin, were imprisoned by Jin and died in the northern desert. Seven emperors and Zhao (the father), who was honored as Xuanzu, were buried here. The world calls it the Seven Emperors and Eight Mausoleums.
According to the order of burial time, the order of these eight tombs is:
Song Xuanzu Yong 'an Mausoleum
Song Taizu Yongchang Mausoleum
Song Taizong yongxiling
Yongding Mausoleum in Song Zhenzong
Song Renzong Shuizhaoling
Hou Yong Mausoleum in Song Yingzong
Song Shenzong Yongyuling
Song Zhezong Yongtai Mausoleum
Together with empresses, royal families, princes and grandsons, as well as Gao Huaide, Zhao Pu, Cao Bin, Cai Qi, Kou Zhun, Bao Zheng, Di Qing and Yang Liulang, there are nearly 1 000 tombs, which have been in operation for more than 1.6 years. Among the emperors and mausoleums in the Northern Song Dynasty, eight imperial mausoleums are well preserved.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial tombs had a unified organizational system and the same plane layout. They all faced south and were composed of four parts: the Upper Palace, the Miyagi Palace, the Underground Palace and the Lower Palace. There are temples, temples and palaces around the cemetery, which are green and cypress, solemn and solemn. Xicun Mausoleum is located between Changfeng Village and Hutuo Village in the north of Xicun Township, including Yong 'an Mausoleum of Zhao, Yongchang Mausoleum of Zhao and Yongxi Mausoleum of Zhao. Cai Zhuang Mausoleum is located in the north of Cai Zhuang, and there is the Yongding Mausoleum in Zhao Heng. Xiaoyi Mausoleum is located in the southwest of the county seat, including Yongzheng Mausoleum of Injong Zhao Zhen and Hou Yongling Mausoleum of Injong Zhao Shu. Baling is located in the south of Baling Village, including Yongyu Mausoleum of Zhao Xu Shinto and Yongtai Mausoleum of Zhao Xuzhe.
The mausoleum faces south, and from south to north, there are magpie platforms, breast platforms and Shinto stone pillars. Shinto north is the palace; A square wall of gods was rammed around the Upper Palace, with a circumference of nearly 1,000 meters. There is a sacred gate in the center of all sides, and a pavilion (corner pavilion) is built in each corner of the sacred wall. In the middle of the upper palace is a bucket-shaped mausoleum with a bottom circumference of more than 200 meters, and under the stage is the underground palace. Hou Ling is located in the northwest of Mausoleum. Its layout and architecture are similar to those of Mausoleum, but its shape is smaller and there are few stone carvings. Xiagong is a place for daily meals. In the north or northwest corner of the upper palace, the ground buildings have disappeared.
There are many stone carvings in the mausoleum area, with the total number exceeding 1000. Generally, there are 23 pairs of stone carvings on both sides of the Shinto of the Mausoleum. From south to north, there are 1 pairs of sentry posts, 1 pairs of elephant handlers, 1 pairs of Swiss birds, 1 diagonal, 1 pairs of war horses, 4 pairs of horse control officers, 2 pairs of tigers, 2 pairs of sheep and 3 pairs of guest ambassadors. There are 1 duimen lions outside the other holy gates around Shanggong, and 1 duimen inside. There are also 1 opposite lions outside some lower palaces. There are fewer stone carvings in Hou Ling. Song Ling's stone carvings got rid of the traditional mystery, focused on the secular life at that time, had both form and spirit, and had superb artistic attainments.