Suitable temperature for high growth, light intensity and relative humidity, flower bud differentiation and development, high temperature bud elimination
(meter) (night/day temperature) (lux) () temperature (pole temperature)
300-500m, 20-25℃,16,000 ~ 22,000, 60-80- 15-20℃, above 25℃.
Four seasons orchid 250-2500m 20-28℃ 21000 ~ 27000 (without low temperature stimulation) 20-28℃
(Su) According to
Chunlan 900- 1, 600 m15-25℃16,000 ~ 215-20℃
Hanlan 800- 1, 200m15-25℃ 22,000 humidity and ventilation (climate sensitive)
Jiuhualan 1, 500-3,000m15-25℃ 22,000
Second, how to distinguish between greenhouse orchids and natural orchids. (1) Simple definition of greenhouse: In a closed space, the conditions of temperature, humidity, light, ventilation ... plant growth can be adjusted, so as long as the environment is surrounded by a closed space, it can be said to be a greenhouse for cultivating orchids. Simply looking at the mechanical facilities for adjusting the environment, it can be divided into standard greenhouses and simple greenhouses. Of course, the standard greenhouse has better control over the space microclimate than the simple greenhouse, and the effect on plant cultivation is also good. (2) Natural orchid cultivation means that the orchid cultivation environment is not a closed space, which is the same as the atmospheric temperature and humidity, and there is less human control over the environment, so that orchids grow naturally.
Third, how to control the temperature, humidity, light and ventilation of the environment to facilitate the growth of orchids? (1) If it is in an orchid producing area, the temperature, humidity, light and ventilation of the environment are all suitable for the growth and flowering of orchids, and orchids naturally can grow well without adjusting the environment. However, if the climatic conditions are not suitable for orchid growth in non-orchid producing areas, it is found that the new buds can not grow, the growth is slow, the generation is smaller than the generation, and the roots often rot and die, indicating that the orchid growth environment is not suitable for orchid growth. (2) Environmental control of natural orchid cultivation.
The growth and flowering of orchids have certain temperature and humidity. But orchids leave their place of origin to the environment of orchid growers. If the climatic conditions in non-orchid producing areas are very different, orchids are prone to death or poor growth. However, because the natural cultivation environment is connected with the atmosphere, the ability to adjust the environment is very poor, so artificial methods are used to raise and lower the temperature and humidity as much as possible to adjust it to a range suitable for orchid growth. My method is as follows: 1.
(1) "To raise orchids, you must first understand your own environment. Where are the hot spots or cold spots? "Hot spot" refers to the hottest place, while "cold spot" refers to the coolest place, where orchids are raised. For example, I raise orchids on the roof of the second floor, where the sun is facing south, and the highest temperature can reach 42 degrees in summer and 25 degrees in winter. Therefore, orchids should be cultivated in the "cool spot" on the north roof in summer and in the "hot spot" in the sunny south in winter. The most important thing is to cool down in summer and warm up in winter, as close as possible to the growth temperature of orchids. (2) "Horizontal temperature difference" is the temperature only on the second floor of the roof. Why is there a temperature difference between hot and cold spots? The main reason is that some places will be sunburned, and some places will not be sunburned. The temperature with the sun is more than 7 degrees Celsius higher than that without the sun. So, if you know the hot and cold spots of orchid planting, you can put them in different places in summer or winter to cool the orchids. (3) "Vertical temperature difference" refers to the temperature from the roof or black net to the ground, and the influence of this temperature is mainly the ventilation around the roof. If there is poor ventilation, hot air will gather on it, so the temperature will rise. On the ground, because of the evaporation of water vapor, the lower the ground is, the higher the temperature is, and the closer it is to the roof, so there is a temperature difference of 3-5 degrees in the vertical temperature in summer, so I will put a blue basin in summer. (4) In summer, the temperature and humidity of my roof have been controlled as much as possible, but the temperature in the orchid area has reached 28-32 degrees. Because I raise winter jasmine, the suitable growth temperature is 25 degrees, and when it reaches 30 degrees, it will slowly stop growing, so I only use water one hour before dusk, and it will stop 10 second after the water flows out from the bottom of the basin. After watering, I went back and watered it again, and the water stopped flowing out of the bottom of the basin. After watering, it can be reduced to 28 degrees, and orchids can still grow. If the sun comes out the next morning and the ground is dry, water should be poured again until the bottom of the basin comes out. When the sun comes out in summer, the ground must be kept wet and not dry. (5) Winter temperature 18-6 degrees. When the sun shines on the top floor in the south, the temperature can rise by 7 degrees Celsius, that is, 25- 13 degrees. So orchids are still growing in this place in winter. 2. Humidity:
The article "How to Keep Humidity in Open Environment" has already been discussed, so I won't repeat it here. 3. Light:
My orchids are afraid of the sun, so there is a layer of black net shading 70 degrees all year round, but when the temperature rises to 30 degrees on the Dragon Boat Festival, I pull up the second layer of black net until the temperature drops below 30 degrees on the Mid-Autumn Festival. 4. Ventilation:
A friend suggested that I use an electric fan to strengthen ventilation, but ventilation with an electric fan requires sufficient humidity in the environment. Coupled with ventilation, the humidity in the environment will be more average and cooler. But if the environment is dry and hot, electric wind blowing hot air will be counterproductive. So I didn't use an electric fan, but left a gap of 15cm on the surrounding black net to let the hot air flow naturally. Orchids are cultivated in the natural environment. Because they are connected with the atmosphere, it is not easy to control the temperature and humidity, and the effect is not very good. We can only control the temperature and humidity of places and water as well as possible to meet the growth needs of orchids. Unnatural greenhouse planting
Natural orchids can be cultivated well. Of course, natural cultivation is better. In non-orchid producing areas, the original environmental conditions of orchids are far from each other, and orchids either die or stop growing. At this time, we should consider using greenhouse to cultivate orchids, but here we mean using the concept of greenhouse to cultivate orchids, that is, it depends on atmospheric conditions and geographical environment. And adjust the temperature and humidity, sunshine, ventilation and other conditions manually to make it close to the original environment of orchids. The conditions related to greenhouse composition are as follows: 1. Confined space: refers to the greenhouse must be a closed space, in which there are methods to adjust the temperature and humidity. If the open space is connected with the atmosphere, it doesn't matter how to adjust the air temperature and humidity, because the atmospheric condition is the big environment, while the orchid environment is the small environment. If there is no barrier between them, the small environment will raise or lower the temperature anyway, which is very important for increasing humidity. 2. Heating and cooling facilities
(1) black net:
In sunny Taiwan Province province, the temperature is more than 7 degrees Celsius higher than that in places without sunshine. So there are two layers of black nets on the greenhouse. When the temperature rises to the upper limit of orchid growth, the automatic control system will pull two layers of black nets according to the situation. When the temperature drops to the growth temperature of orchids, the black net will be automatically pulled open, and sunlight entering the greenhouse will have a warming effect to keep the temperature at a suitable growth temperature. Therefore, the growth period of orchids in the greenhouse is more natural than normal. ? (2) Humidification facilities:
In summer, there is no way to cool down to the growth temperature of orchids by relying solely on black nets, so if the humidity in the air is increased, the temperature will naturally drop. Under the condition of humidity 50 in Taiwan Province Province, air can be cooled to the upper limit of 28 degrees by means of water wall humidification, humidification and pool. Of course, the lower the humidity in the air, the better and the worse the cooling effect, so whether the cooling effect reaches the growth temperature of orchids is also related to the growth of orchids. ? (3) "Refrigeration and air conditioning facilities:
In Taiwan Province Province, because of the humidity, the temperature can only be reduced to 28 degrees by water cooling wall or adding humidity, which is in line with the upper limit of the growth temperature of orchids, so the refrigeration and air conditioning system is less used to cool down, but Phalaenopsis should be placed in non-flowering period.
When flowering, it is necessary to use air conditioning and refrigeration system to reduce the temperature to the flowering temperature to promote the formation of flower buds, but the cost of water and electricity is very high, so this type of greenhouse is always on the mountain. ? (4) heating facilities:
When the temperature of the orchid room is lower than the growth, heating equipment is needed to extend the growth period of the orchid. For example, orchids in the northeast are planted on a closed balcony, and there is heating supply in the house, which keeps about 25 degrees all the year round, so all kinds of orchids grow well. Of course, if they want to bloom, they have to lower the temperature, so that orchids can bloom in spring, so the temperature is very important. Too cold or too hot is not conducive to orchid growth. 3. Ventilation facilities
(1) external circulation: due to the sunlight in the greenhouse, the indoor temperature will be higher than the outdoor temperature, so it is necessary to rely on the exhaust fan above the greenhouse to pump hot air out of the greenhouse to reduce the temperature and replace the indoor air.
(2) Internal circulation: There should be two layers of electric fans in the greenhouse, and the most important thing is that there is temperature difference and humidity above and below the greenhouse. Therefore, turn on the electric fan to make the temperature and humidity in every corner of the greenhouse consistent, so that the water droplets on the leaves can be dried as soon as possible to increase evaporation and promote the absorption of water and fertilizer by the roots. 4. Lighting facilities:
When the light in orchid garden is insufficient or after watering and fertilizing, it is necessary to turn on the light to supplement the light, so that the photosynthesis of orchids is good and the growth of orchids will be faster. In addition, the length of illumination time can also advance or postpone the flowering time of orchids.
(d) Why turn on the electric fan with internal circulation after watering in a humid environment?
If the electric fan is not turned on after watering, the air in the greenhouse will stagnate, and the physiological functions of orchids (evapotranspiration, respiration, photosynthesis, etc. ) still want to continue. The effects of still air on orchids are as follows:
1. Physiological function: Take orchid leaves as an example, most of them are water, so the relative humidity in the body is 100%. When the air is still, the water vapor escaping from the pores forms a viscous boundary layer on the blades. Although this thin boundary layer is not easy to be seen by the eyes, it can prevent the water vapor from constantly moving outside the leaves, thus seriously hindering the evaporation of orchids. After the sun shines on the blade, the air convection caused by the difference between the blade temperature and the air temperature can eliminate the boundary layer. The existence of boundary layer hinders the evapotranspiration of orchid leaves, which further hinders the outflow of water vapor and the inflow of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so photosynthesis is affected. However, if evapotranspiration cannot be carried out smoothly, it will affect root water absorption and nutrient absorption. Therefore, orchids that are humid, sultry and poorly ventilated indoors are prone to root rot. 2. Spreading diseases: After watering in stagnant air, the water drops on the surface of orchid leaves are not easy to evaporate, which can promote the development of bacteria, fungi and spores, help hyphae penetrate into plants and make diseases spread rapidly. Therefore, stagnant air has a great influence on greenhouse orchid diseases. 3. Therefore, turning on the internal circulating electric fan after watering can quickly dry the water in the leaves of orchids, prevent the occurrence of diseases, increase the evaporation of water on the leaves, and contribute to the absorption of water in the roots of orchids, thus improving the growth of orchids. 4. After watering the orchids on the dry and ventilated balcony, you don't need to turn on the fan to strengthen the flow of the wind, mainly dry air, which will quickly evaporate the water on the leaves, so the leaves will soon dry up and it is not easy to cause diseases. (For the data in the fourth section, refer to the relevant materials of Zhongxing University in Taiwan Province Province).
(5) Use the concept of greenhouse to cultivate orchids instead of building a greenhouse to cultivate orchids.
The growth and flowering of orchids have certain conditions such as temperature and humidity, sunshine intensity and ventilation. The closer to these conditions, the better the growth and flowering of orchids. Therefore, we should transform our orchid cultivation environment from the perspective of greenhouse. First, we should observe what the orchid cultivation environment lacks and what to supplement, and improve the orchid cultivation environment with the least cost. For example, the temperature in high latitudes is the most scarce, and orchids should be cultivated in places with indoor heating supply. Orchids can grow well. Without proper temperature, many orchids will freeze to death in one winter. As for professional orchid planting, it is of course best to choose an environment suitable for orchid planting or build a professional greenhouse, because the reproductive rate of orchids is related to profitability and competitiveness. Fourth, refer to the good orchid environment of predecessors to improve their own environment.
If novices don't know how to cultivate orchids well, they can choose the appropriate orchid cultivation predecessors in the following article according to their own orchid cultivation environment and geographical location (different climatic conditions, different orchid garden equipment), and observe orchid cultivation facilities from the perspective of greenhouse to improve their environment. I believe it will be helpful to the cultivation of orchids. Of course, the management method of Orchid House is safer to consult local experienced predecessors.
(a) mountain orchid environment:
1. The elder of the Orchid Piglet raises orchids at the edge of Huangyan Mountain in Zhejiang Province. There are photos of the Orchid Garden environment of "Open Orchid Garden, Beautiful Orchid Grass at High Temperature".
2. Xiao Zhi Guo Lan introduced the orchid planting environment in the mountainous area of Taiwan Province in Orchid Paradise-Beautiful Orchid Garden. (2) Pinglan environment:
1. Elder Zhang Qian has a photo of Orchid Garden on the ground in Chengdu, Sichuan, in the article "There is nothing to do, take a photo of Orchid Garden". 2. Julan Garden is located in the semi-ground Orchid Garden in Weifang City, Shandong Province. "Now is the time to witness the miracle." There are photos of Orchid Garden in the article.
3. Sleep until noon in the ground orchid garden in Chengdu, Sichuan. There are photos of Lan Yuan in the article "Come in and teach you a crash master".
4. In the article "Introduction Experience of Orchids", Zhu Dayong has some photos of the ground orchid garden in Tai 'an, Shandong.
5. Zhengzhou Qingfeng Garden is located in Lanyuan, Zhengzhou Plain, Henan Province. There are some photos of Orchid Garden in the article "Running out in Winter".
6. Xingyun Lanyuan is located in Pingyuan Lanyuan, Yingkou, Liaoning. There are photos of the orchid house in the article My Breeding Environment.
7. Qin Cuige Lanyuan is located in Pingdi Lanyuan, Dujiangyan, Sichuan. There are photos of Orchid Garden in the article "Planting Environment and Management of Qin Cuige".
8. Lindong Flowers planted orchids on the flat land in Foshan, Guangdong Province. There are photos of orchids in the article "Operation Process of Exporting Orchids".
9. The pottery predecessors raised orchids in Jiangshan Plain, Zhejiang Province. There are photos of orchids in the article "Do-it-yourself Simple Orchid Room".
10. Biography of my predecessors growing orchids in Bengbu, Anhui Province, there are some photos of orchids in the article "My own orchid breeding environment".
1 1.527 Lan Xuan introduced the breeding environment of Orchidaceae plants in the article Investigation of Orchidaceae Plants.
12. Hua Jing's elder raised orchids in Changning, Shanghai, and there are some photos of orchids in the article "New seedlings grow sturdily this year".
13. Yongjia Orchid Garden planted orchids in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. There are photos of Orchid Garden in the article My New Orchid Garden.
(3) Orchid environment in greenhouse:
1. The first elder Xiang transformed the balcony into a small greenhouse to raise orchids in Taizhou, Zhejiang. In the article "The most important factor of raising orchids-environment", there is an introduction on how to turn the balcony into a small greenhouse.
2. Cambridge Lanfang is located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He is the head of Mitsui Greenhouse Company and a professional greenhouse manufacturer. The article "Modern Lanfang" contains detailed photos of Lanfang standard greenhouse. (four) the apartment balcony open orchid environment:
1. Senior Zhu Chunyuan raises orchids on the open-air balcony of Kunshan apartment in Jiangsu Province. There are some photos of orchids on the "Insecticidal Sprinkler Irrigation".
2. Jingjiang Gulan keeps orchids in the window of Guilin apartment in Guangxi, and there are photos of orchids in the article "Orchids on the balcony".
Senior An Jun raises orchids in Chengdu apartment, Sichuan, and there are photos of orchids in the article My Orchid Shelf on the Balcony-All Nature.
4. Cymbidium fans grow orchids in Chengdu, Sichuan, and there are photos of orchids in the article "Orchid hydroponics".
5. The predecessors of the natural shed raised orchids in Nanning apartment in Guangxi, and there were photos of orchids in the article "New Home and New Balcony". (five) the apartment balcony enclosed orchid environment:
1. The chess-watching elder lived in a sealed and warm Orchid Garden in Rizhao, Shandong Province, and there were photos of Orchid Garden in the article "Rain in Flowers".
2. The predecessor of Beiyuan Lanren, Northeast Jilin closed the balcony Orchid Garden with heating, and there are photos of Orchid Garden in the article "Explaining Orchid Cultivation in Northeast China".
3. Yaya's predecessor, the closed and open balcony Orchid Garden in Changping, Beijing, has photos of Orchid Garden in the article "This is how I raise orchids".
4. In the article "Complete Record of Orchid Cultivation and Renewal on the Balcony", Chen's predecessors all had photos of Orchid Garden in Kunming, Yunnan.
5. Orchids are raised in the square dance on the closed balcony in Lanzhou, Gansu. There are photos of orchids in the article "Golmud, Qinghai, tossing grass".
6. Lanyou in Beijing raises orchids on a closed balcony in Daxing, Beijing. There are photos of Orchid Garden in the article.
7. Peanut elder keeps orchids in a closed room in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. There are photos of orchids in the article My Xiaolan Room.
8. Enoch's predecessors raised orchids on a closed balcony in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, and there were photos of orchids in the article "North Raising Hui Continued".
9. The elder Tieshan Lan raised orchids on a closed balcony in Jieyang, Guangdong. There are photos of orchids in the article My Balcony.
10. Romantic elders raise orchids on the balcony of Chengdu apartment in Sichuan. There are photos of orchids in the article Orchid Environment.
1 1. The elders of Changbai Mountain raised orchids in the closed balcony of Baishan apartment in Jilin Province. The article "The Growth of Bluegrass on the Northeast Balcony" has photos of orchids.
12. Senior student You Xuan raised orchids in a closed balcony of Beijing apartment. There are photos of orchids in the article "Theoretical important data is more important".
13. Mr. Wang raises orchids on the balcony of Deyang apartment in Sichuan. In the article "Humidity is the Key to Planting Flowers on Balcony", there are photos of orchids.
14. Senior Wang Kun raises orchids in Yang Tai apartment. In the article "Little Experience of Raising Orchids on Balcony", there are photos to introduce management methods.
15. Yanwu's predecessor is in the balcony enclosed room of Tianjinwei apartment, and there are orchids in the article "The Present Situation of Xiaolan Room"
Pictures of the garden. (six) the orchid environment on the roof of the apartment:
1. Shunliang Orchid Garden is an open orchid garden located on the fifth floor of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. There are photos of Orchid Garden in the article "Management methods of open-air planting and direct sunlight on the fifth floor platform".
2.linjng7 19 is in the outdoor orchid garden on the ninth floor of Meizhou, Guangdong. In the article "My Orchid Shed on the Roof of the Ninth Floor", there are photos of Orchid Garden.
3. Lancaojin raises orchids on the roof of Longyan, Fujian, and there are photos of orchids in the article "Look at my cold orchid garden on the roof".
4. Mr. Bai raised orchids on the roof of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and said, "I raise Chunlan on the outdoor balcony."
The article "Jie" contains photos of Orchid Garden and its planting and breeding methods.
Five, several lost in orchid planting.
(a) Misunderstanding living conditions as conditions for growth and flowering.
Orchids are very resistant to life and not easy to die, but it is really difficult to grow and bloom well. Many orchid friends think that orchids will adapt to my environment for a long time and grow and bloom normally, but this is impossible in non-orchid producing areas, because the genes of orchids grow several times at the set temperature, and the flowering times are certain. Without this environmental condition, orchids will not die, be small or bloom.
As mentioned earlier, the origin of orchids is between 300 meters and 3000 meters. Because the original environment of orchids is different, each orchid needs a different environment. Of course, orchids that are suitable for their own environment will grow well, and orchids that are not suitable for their own environment will not grow well. Therefore, when buying orchids, we should first evaluate whether these orchids are suitable for our own environment to avoid the failure of introduction. (3) It is better to plant native grass or sell it back.
I believe that replacing this problem with local grass or foreign grass can better see the essence of the problem. If it is an open planting environment, it is best to buy local grass, which can adapt to the local climate and reduce the mortality rate of orchids. However, if it is a closed planting with suitable temperature, humidity, light and ventilation conditions, whether it is native species, returning grass, greenhouse grass, tissue culture seedlings, etc. You can keep it well and you should buy it. (4) Why does it always fail to raise orchids according to other people's methods?
Now the network information is very developed, and there are all kinds of orchid breeding and management methods, which often confuse beginners. In terms of planting materials, there are water, soil, sand, stone, brick, plant stone, bark, snake wood, foam, peanut shell and so on. Everything is strange. Look at the results of planting, there are many roots. The main reason is that the materials used do not meet the local climate conditions. Novices must find local orchid friends to see if the orchid planting environment is the same as their own, what materials and pots are used to grow orchids, and why the management methods of orchids are gradually improved after planting. Of course, other people's orchid cultivation experience can also be used for reference, but we should consider whether it is suitable for our own environment. For example, some people say that you should use a fan to dry after pouring water, while others say no. Of course, different environmental management methods are different, depending on their own environment. Conclusion of intransitive verbs:
By the way, orchids grow in a suitable environment, and orchids grow easily. Look at the wild orchids in orchid producing areas. They grow well in the rain forest without watering, so orchids in orchid producing areas are easy to grow, while orchids in non-orchid producing areas leave their original living environment. The harsh environment makes orchids die, and new buds cannot grow and bloom. If so, this is not a problem of planting technology, but an environmental problem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider using the closed environment to adjust the microclimate and restore the normal growth of orchids. Therefore, the predecessors once said: "The environment is not good, and orchids are difficult to raise." That's a wise saying.