Qingdao is a coastal hilly city, with high terrain in the east and low terrain in the west, rising on the north and south sides and low depression in the middle. Among them, mountains account for about 15.5% of Qingdao's total area (the same below), hills account for 2. 1%, plains account for 37.7%, and depressions account for 2 1.7%. Qingdao coast can be divided into three basic types: headland rocky coast, muddy silty coast and bedrock sandy coast. In shallow water, there are underwater shoals, modern underwater deltas and marine erosion plains.
Qingdao is located in the north temperate monsoon region and belongs to the temperate monsoon climate. Due to the direct regulation of the marine environment and the influence of southeast monsoon, ocean current and water mass from the ocean surface, the urban area has obvious maritime climate characteristics. The air is humid, the rainfall is abundant, the temperature is moderate, and the four seasons are distinct.
There are 224 rivers in Qingdao, all of which are rain sources in the monsoon region, and most of them are small rivers that enter the sea independently. There are 33 large rivers with a drainage area of 100 square kilometers, which are divided into three major water systems: Dagu River, Beijiaolai River and coastal area.
Aquatic biological resources
The water bodies in Jiaozhou Bay, Laoshan Bay and T-shaped Bay are rich in nutrients and sufficient in recharge sources. The number of alien bacteria is several times or even thousands of times higher than that in continental shelf area or marine area, and the content of organic matter in water is high. Especially the nearshore section of sediments in Jiaozhou Bay is an excellent sea area for the development of shellfish and algae culture. The sea area is also rich in plankton, benthos, economic invertebrates and intertidal algae. [4]
Animal and plant resources
Four rare plants endemic to Qingdao: geranium, vetiver, Euonymus japonicus and lily. [6]
Qingdao is rich in plant species, which is the region with the largest number of plant species and vegetation groups at the same latitude. Plant resources are 152 families, 654 genera, 1237 species and varieties (excluding greenhouse cultivated species and flower cultivated types). There are 66 families 136 genera and 332 species of primitive woody flora, accounting for 93%, 84% and 80.2% of the total woody flora in Shandong Province, respectively.