Why was Shangqiu called Guide House before?

The ancient city wall of Guide House, which exists in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, a famous historical and cultural city in Henan Province, is a historical relic that has gone through more than 490 years. Today, its battlements, inner cities and moats are basically well preserved and solemn. Some experts say that there are only a handful of well-preserved ancient cities in China. Shangqiu is the gateway to eastern Henan, located at the junction of Sulu, Henan and Anhui, with Qilu in the north, Jianghuai in the south, the Central Plains in the west and the coast in the east. As one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, it is not only the ancestral home of ancient masters such as Shirley Zhuang Zhou and Mulan, but also the birthplace of pre-Shang, commodity and commercial culture. In the ancient "Five Emperors", Suiren, Gao Xin, Zhuan Xu and Di Ku all lived here. Since Shang Tang established its capital here in Shang Dynasty, the Song State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Liang State in the Han Dynasty have established their capitals here. Yuan Hao of the Southern Dynasty and Zhao Gou of the Southern Song Dynasty ascended the throne here. Nanjing was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition, there are counties, prefectures and prefectures in the past dynasties, which were once named Songzhou, Suiyang, Yingtian and Guide. Guide city is located by the water of ancient Suiyang. It has a history of more than 4,000 years since the capital was established. Due to the age and natural disasters, the ancient city has been destroyed and rebuilt many times, but the scope is within ten miles from north to south. Historically, this was the main battlefield of the Anshi Rebellion. In all previous battles against Anshi Rebellion, the most influential ones were the Battle of Taiyuan and the Battle of Suiyang. In the first month of the second year of Zhide (757), An Lushan was killed by his son An Qingxu. This year, Shi Siming and Cai Xide led 654.38+ ten thousand troops to besiege Taiyuan. At the same time, An Qingxu ordered Yin to lead an army of 6.5438+0.3 million to attack Suiyang (now the south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), and Tang Shoujiang turned to the patrol of Zhenshou (now Qixian, Henan Province) and Ningling for help. Zhang Xun led his troops into Suiyang from Ningling and stood firm with Xu Yuan. Together, Qi and Xin Qiji patrolled and commanded the battle, mobilized stores and built combat equipment. Tang Jun had only more than 6,000 people, but its morale was a hundred times higher. Sometimes it was 20 times a day, killing and injuring more than 20,000 people, and led the troops to retreat. In March and April, Yin besieged Suiyang again. Zhang Xun killed Niu Bingjun, and the foot soldiers were excited and went to war. Seeing that there were few soldiers in the Tang Dynasty, the rebels were careless and underestimated the enemy. Zhang Xun led his troops straight into the enemy lines, killed more than 30 rebels, with 3,000 soldiers, pursued for dozens of miles and won a great victory. Since then, the two sides have confronted each other in Suiyang. Zhang Xun ordered the soldiers to line up and beat drums in the city at night to make it look like a war. The rebels didn't dare to rest all night, and Tang Jun rested during the day. In this way, after a few days, Yin lost his vigilance. Zhang Xun led Nan Jiyun and others 10 to raid the enemy's camp, and went straight to Yin's tent, killing more than 50 people and deserting 5,000 people. Nan shot Yin in the left eye and almost took him alive. Yin Lingbing retreated. In July, Yin besieged Suiyang Tang Jun for the third time, which could not be supplemented due to casualties, and there were no reinforcements. The food in the city was also used up, so Zhang Xun had to stick to the enemy. The uprising attacked the city with ladders, wooden donkeys and earth bags, patrolled by chance, and tried every means to break the enemy, forcing Yin to make a long-term siege plan. After several months' efforts, there are only 600 people left in Tang Jun. Zhang Xun ordered Nan to go to Linhuai (now southeast of Sixian County, Anhui Province) to ask Helan for help, but Helan was jealous of Zhang Xun's success and refused to send troops. Before the arrival of reinforcements, all the rats and birds in the city were eaten up, which made it more urgent for the rebels to attack the city. The city fell, Zhang Xun, Nan Jiyun and Xu Yuan were killed and taken to Luoyang. This battle contained the rebels and played an important role in turning the tide. The existing ancient city wall was built in the sixth year of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 1 1). Inside and outside the city, it looks like ancient money. Brick city is 3.6 kilometers in circumference. The city gate is an arch coupon type and has been well preserved so far. The east gate is Binyang, the west gate is Geze, the south gate is Yang Gong, and the north gate is Chen Gong. There are four crocks outside the four city gates (that is, build a small town outside the city gate and open a side door to strengthen the city defense). Each crock has a twisted door, with the north gate facing west, the east gate and the west gate facing south, and the south gate facing east. Therefore, the ancient city of Shangqiu has the saying of "four doors and eight mouths". The city is shaped like a turtle's back and has 93 streets. Overlooking the city, like a chessboard. Most of the buildings are Zoumenlou and Siheyuan. According to the theory that the five elements are mutually reinforcing, in order to prevent Jin Mu from mutually reinforcing, the East and the West are mutually wrong. East gate south, west gate north, staggered by a street, two corners intersect with the north-south axis respectively. From Jiajing in Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, there were two university students (prime ministers), five ministers, a dozen assistant ministers, governors, imperial envoys, company commanders and famous literati in the city. Therefore, there are many official houses and buildings. The original well is plum blossom-shaped, and the layout is reasonable. There are two water gates on both sides of the south gate to discharge water into the moat. The city dike is about 500 meters away from the city wall, with a circumference of 9 kilometers, a base width of 20 meters, a top width of 13 meters and a height of 3.3 meters. The broad moat rippled with blue waves and surrounded the city. The river in the south of the city is wide, more than 500 meters from north to south, and more than 0/300 meters from east to west. The old city of Suiyang in Han and Tang Dynasties, Nanjing in Song Dynasty, and the former site of Decheng in Yuan Dynasty were superimposed underwater. The moat around the inner city is hundreds of meters wide, and in some places it exceeds 500 meters. The clear river, sparkling and flowing water, makes people feel relaxed and happy. a surname