What vines are there?

Common ones are: nest fern, kidney fern, staghorn fern, Adiantum, Lygodium japonicum, silver fern, Selaginella, Cuiyuncao, Osmunda japonica, Lycopodium, Boston fern, rabbit foot fern, button fern, petrified pheasant tail, sickle fern, rib fern, fishtail fern, Lisa fern, palm fern, cliff fern and Ilex. The existing ferns, except tropical tree ferns, are mostly perennial herbs in mountainous areas and have many economic uses. The brief introduction is as follows: 1. Medicinal use: Many kinds of pteridophytes have been widely used in medicine since ancient times, treating various diseases for people, such as Chinese fir and pine, which can dispel wind and remove dampness, relax tendons and promote blood circulation; Saving grass can treat suppurative osteomyelitis; Black fern can cure bacillary dysentery and acute enteritis, and pyrrosia can cure acute and chronic nephritis and pyelonephritis. Dryopteris crassipes and many of its close relatives can cure the liver leech disease of cattle and sheep. 2. Edible: There are many kinds of edible pteridophytes, such as Pteridium aquilinum, Pteridium crispus, Pteridium Callicarpa and Osmunda japonica, which can be eaten as vegetables when they are young. Pteris southwest and Pteris water fern are not only used for cooking when they are fresh, but also can be processed into dried vegetables to eat. The underground rhizomes of many ferns contain a lot of starch, which can be used for making wine or eating. For example, the underground stems of Guanyin lotus can reach twenty or thirty kilograms, and the underground stems of many varieties such as bracken are rich in starch. In addition, there are all kinds of tall tree ferns, such as Alsophila spinulosa. , produced in the forests of subtropical areas of China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces). The cylindrical trunk of this tree contains a food colloid, and its polished trunk presents beautiful patterns, which can be used as decorations. The thick-walled tissue of cadres is slender and strong, such as steel wire. 3. Green manure and feed: Azolla in paddy field or pond is an aquatic fern, which can absorb and accumulate a lot of nitrogen from the air through its interaction with Cyanophyta, and become a good green manure plant and feed plant for livestock and poultry. 4. Indicating plants: Different plant species need different growth environments, some are relatively adaptive and some are relatively small. The latter can only survive if it meets its requirements for environmental conditions. This kind of plant relatively indicates the local environmental conditions and is called an indicator plant. Pteridophytes are highly sensitive to external natural conditions, and the survival of different genera or species requires different ecological environment conditions, such as ferns, ferns, ferns, pyrrosia and Wawei (with a few exceptions) born in limestone or calcareous soil; Dryopteris, spider with compound leaves, Sedum lineatum and other genera are born in acidic soil; Some species adapt to neutral or slightly acidic soils. Some of them have strong drought tolerance and are suitable for arid environment, such as Dryopteris glabra and Dryopteris glabra. Conversely; Some can only grow in wet or swamp areas, such as swamp ferns and Osmunda japonica. Therefore, from the growth of a certain pteridophyte, we can mark the geology, geotechnical type, physical and chemical properties, fertility, luminosity, humidity in the air, etc., so as to judge the different development stages of soil and forest, which is helpful for forest renewal and tending. Secondly, different types of ferns can reflect the local climate change, so they can be divided into different climatic zones, which is beneficial to the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry and increase production. Such as Alsophila spinulosa, Pteris macrophylla and Pteris nidulans, indicate tropical and subtropical climate, and are suitable for planting plants such as rubber trees and cinchona to grow Alsophila spinulosa. Its absolute minimum temperature is often above freezing point, and the area where Dryopteris Dryopteris grows indicates the climate in the north temperate zone. In addition, the place where lycopodium grows is generally closely related to aluminum mines. Ferns can detect whether the local environment is polluted. 5. Greening and ornamental purposes: There are many kinds of ferns, which can be used as bonsai, green gardens and houses because of their unique shape, elegance and uniqueness and strong asexual reproduction. Some lianas can also be used to make all kinds of knitwear. China is the country with the most species of pteridophytes in the world, and its resources are extremely rich, so the research and utilization of pteridophytes need to be further developed. Edit the characteristics of ferns in this section.