Where was the first train made in China?

It should be Tianjin, Jingu Railway. The magical effect of the train opened the eyes of people of insight in the Qing Dynasty. In order to speed up industrial development, the first railway built in modern China's railway transportation system appeared during the mining period of Kaiping Coal Mine. Mr. Luo, a professor at Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, said that Li Hongzhang has always wanted to build Tianjin into the railway center of the North-South Ocean in order to strengthen the defense against Japan. As early as the early years of Guangxu, he already had plans in this regard: "Look at the situation in Beiyang, taking Dagu as the outer gate of the capital, and all the ports from Beitang to Shanhaiguan are the side gates of Dagu, which is a shock and a shock as a whole. If it is difficult to prevent, you can't recruit it, and you can't adjust it. Non-railways cannot accept the effect of being an ambassador. " Just because "it is difficult to raise money because of time, so I dare not do it rashly." Soon after, in the process of surveying Kaiping coal mine, Tang put forward the view that "coal is not transported by railway, but it is difficult to be recovered", which was endorsed by Li Hongzhang. After the establishment of Kaiping Mining Bureau, Balai once again suggested building a railway from the mine to Beitang to transport coal, but it failed. But Tang always insisted on building a coal railway in the mining area first, and then either going north to Shanhaiguan or going south to Haikou. Li Hongzhang strongly supports this plan. It was not until the sixth year of Guangxu (1880) that Kaiping Mining Bureau began to build the railway from Tangshan Mine to Xugezhuang. It was completed the following year, with a total length of only 9 kilometers and a gauge of 4 feet and 8.5 inches (about 1.435 meters). It is the first railway transportation system in modern China. In the eighth year of Guangxu, an Englishman Jin Da, a railway engineer in the Tang and Xu Dynasties, modified a locomotive with old boilers and locomotive parts. Because this railway is close to Malanyu, where Dongling, the royal family of the Qing Dynasty is located, some people in the ruling class were worried that the train would "shake Long Mai" and had to be pulled by mules and horses, so it was called "carriage railway" at that time. Zhang explained that the railway people said that the carriage was either full of mules and horses, or there were not enough horses. In those days, one or two mules and horses were used to pull a bucket, and the total weight of coal was about 5 tons, so that mules and horses could pull it. Professor Luo said that after the Sino-French War, the Qing court began to realize the importance of railways for national defense. In order to facilitate "transferring troops and transporting machinery", Guangxu issued an imperial edict in the 11th year, expressing support for Kaiping Mining Bureau to build the railway from Xugezhuang to Zhuang Yan (now Zhakou). The exhibition route is 33 kilometers long and will be completed in one year. After Tianjin British businessmen got the news, they immediately dispatched to buy land and prepare to build roads. It is also for this reason that they put a test ride in Zizhulin Concession Garden. Not to be outdone, French industry set up a general office in Tianjin, ready to seize the right to build a railway in China. According to Li Hongzhang's suggestion, Yi Xuan, the Prince of Alcohol, the prime minister of the 13th year of Guangxu, asked the Qing court to connect the Tang Railway to the north shore of Dagu in the south and Shanhaiguan in the north. The first step was to "build the railway to the north shore of Dagu for more than 80 miles, and then gradually set up the railway from Dagu to Tianjin for more than 100 miles". The proposal was quickly approved. Because Britain, France, Germany and other countries are fighting for power and profit in the construction of this railway, they have to buy rails from Britain and Germany, locomotives from France, and all railway bridge projects are contracted to French businessmen. The whole survey and design was monopolized by the British. Jingu railway has become a "hybrid" of equipment in various countries. Zhang said, a retired cadre of Tianjin Railway Branch of Tianjin Railway Company, that in the 11th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty, the Qing government was forced by the defeat of the Sino-French war and asked its ministers to "make good preparations for the aftermath as a long-term plan". At that time, the "Prime Minister's Office for Naval Affairs" (equivalent to the Navy Department) was established to command the navy in a unified way. "The opening of the railway can be used as a military remedy" and it is also in charge of railway affairs, thus linking the railway with coastal defense. At this time, Minister of Military Affairs, Fujian Military Affairs Supervisor Zuo and former Russian imperial envoys demanded the construction of the Gyeonggi Railway. The voice of advocating road construction is growing. In the 12th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang successfully built the Tangshan-Xugezhuang Railway to Lutai, and established Kaiping Railway Company to separate the Tangshan-Xugezhuang Railway from Kaiping Coal Mine Company and operate the railway independently. In the 13th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1887), Li Hongzhang requested to extend the Jingu Railway, that is, the Tang Lu Railway was extended to Dagu South, and then to Tianjin and Beijing. And plans to build it in the north of Shanhaiguan. Under the call of "strengthening coastal defense and strengthening ourselves", this plan was approved by the Qing government. So Kaiping Railway Company was reorganized and expanded. In Sanchahekou, Tianjin, the "Tianjin Railway Company" was established by buying land and building houses. Li Hongzhang appointed Wu to take charge of the company and finance. British Jinda is the chief engineer, and American student Zhan Tianyou is the assistant engineer, responsible for road construction. The company is an official and commercial company, but there are not many commercial shares. Mainly from Tianjin Coastal Defence Bureau, Jardine Matheson Bank of England and Huatai Bank of Germany to build railways. This is the beginning of the official railway in China. In March of the 14th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, the Tang-Xu Railway was extended to Tanggu. In September of the same year, it expanded to Tianjin and was located in Wangdaozhuang (formerly known as "Wadaozhuang", now at the T-junction of Wangdaozhuang Street and Shiqiang Street in Hedong District). The first commercial port station of China railway was built in tianjin railway station. This was the "Beiyang Railway" at that time, that is, the first self-run railway in China-"Jin-Tang Railway". After the completion, Li Hongzhang led officials and businessmen to check by train. From Tianjin to Tangshan, "260 miles takes only one and a half hours, which is faster than a ship." China Tianjin Railway Company is the first (self-operated) railway company in China. The former site of the company is located on the west bank of the old Sancha estuary (near the western end of the Lion Forest Bridge today). There are historical reasons for the establishment of Tianjin Railway Company in Sanchahekou: First, in order to quickly transport the coal from Kailuan to Tianjin and extend the "Tang Xu Railway" to Tianjin to meet the needs of coastal defense; Second, the inevitable trend of development from water transport hub to water (land) road combined transport hub; Thirdly, it laid a foundation for the establishment of Tianjin railway transportation hub. It is not a problem for the Qing government whether foreign businessmen can make money by finding the train on Facai Road again, and whether China people dare to take it, because the Qing government is concerned about coal transportation. Due to the serious shortage of funds for road construction, Li Hongzhang first organized "Tianjin Railway Company" to bid 6.5438+00,000 yuan in the form of joint venture between government and businessmen. However, the abacus of the Qing government may have some minor problems, that is, Chinese businessmen are not "cold" about railways, and few people respond. Although they were "tongue-tied, they only got 108520 shares". At this time, foreign businessmen in Tianjin saw the opportunity and moved around one after another to ask for funding. The ambassadors of Britain, Germany, France and other countries also rushed to support their Chinese businessmen in this matter. After some competition, Jardine Matheson, a British merchant, and Huatai Bank, a German merchant, obtained loan rights of 637,200 yuan and 439,200 yuan respectively by lowering interest rates. In the 14th year of Guangxu, the railway from Zhuangyan to Tianjin was completed. "From the embankment outside the east gate of Tianjin Fucheng, through Tanggu, Lutai in Ninghe County, and even Zhuang Yan, the total length is 175 Li ... from Zhuang Yan to Tangshan in Luanzhou, the total length is 85 Li, and the railway is built for businessmen from all walks of life." Zhang took out a train fare table for the second year (19 10), which clearly recorded the fare of each train. Beijing Zhengyangmen to Tianjin Laolongtou Railway Station, first-class ticket to 5.2 yuan, least third-class ticket 1.75 yuan. At that time, 1 yuan was a silver dollar, and foreign businessmen certainly wouldn't take it.