Among them, the famous research conclusion is that the gate pattern on the halogen book clock is Xuande Gate, the main entrance of the imperial city in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Fu Xinian's Ten Treatises on Ancient Architecture in China, Song Zhaoji's Ruihe Map and their representations to Xuande Gate, the main entrance of the capital city of Song Dynasty (the paper was completed at 1984). Mr. Fu verified that the bell on the rostrum was Xuande Gate in the Northern Song Dynasty according to the map of Ruihe drawn by Liaoning Museum and the bronze bell statue on the rostrum in the Northern Song Dynasty.
As an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a master of ancient architecture in China, Mr. Fu's solid academic foundation and rigorous textual research are worthy of our study and reverence, which is beyond the reach of our younger generation for life.
However, the "Xuande Gate Theory" of the Bell Gate Building in Lu Shu has puzzled me for many years.
When I read Liao Bo's "Lu Shu Zhong" and "History of Song Dynasty" and other related documents carefully, I became more skeptical about this conclusion.
The "city gate" on the halogen book clock actually means something else.
Mr. Fu's identification of Xuande Gate on Lushu Bell began with the map of Ruihe River in Song Huizong, which was written in Zhenghe two years (112).
In this painting, Hui Zong wrote a preface and poem with his handsome and exquisite "golden body".
The 30-year-old Emperor Hui Zong made a detailed documentary on the 16th day of the first month of that year, and clearly drew it as the "end gate".
The main entrance of the palace is called the end door, and the side door is the main entrance. The main entrance of the Song Dynasty is Xuande Gate.
Mr. Fu believes that although the image of Xuande Gate in Ruihe map is not shown under the roof, the existing shape is basically the same as that of the halogen book clock.
The main building painted in Ruihe map is a roof with five ridges and four slopes. The intersection of the front and rear slopes is a positive ridge, and the left and right slopes have four vertical ridges. All four faces are surfaces, also called four tops. This is the highest grade roof.
The above picture shows the flowering buildings on both sides of Xuande Gate drawn by Hui Zong in Ruihe Map. This building rests on the top of the mountain with a single eaves, because it is the foil of the main door, and this roof is lower than the main door.
The above picture shows the "Xuande Menduo Building" identified by Mr. Fu, which is completely different from the painted roof system.
There are two differences between the "city gate" and the "Ruihe map" on the halogen book clock: 1) The roofs of the buildings on both sides are single eaves, while the buildings in the "Ruihe map" rest on the top of the mountain with single eaves; 2) There are two que-shaped buildings around it, which are "three exits" and are the top specifications of que system. But there are no pictures in Ruihe's map.
Although the shape of the "crib" in the two pictures of Lu Shuzhong and Ruihetu is different, Mr. Fu Xinian still determined that the gatehouse on Lu Shuzhong is undoubtedly Xuande Gate.
There seems to be an assumption that Mr. Fu came to the conclusion that the halogen book clock is wrong.
Xuande Gate is the main entrance of the Imperial Palace in the Northern Song Dynasty, where ceremonies and amnesties were held in the Song Dynasty. Every big festival, the emperor will personally visit here, which is the gate of the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Zhenghe (1 1 18), Xuande Gate was changed from three to five. However, there is no record of rebuilding the building.
In the second year of Xuanhe, on the Shangyuan Festival, Song Huizong called his ministers to Xuande Gate to watch the lanterns. Wang Anzhong listed this and ordered poems.
The third sentence of this poem: "Five doors will be closed, and the peace will be announced for two years". This year is 1 120, and Xuande Gate has been open for five years.
In the emperor's mind, the status of Xuande Gate has never changed.
The gate of such a country, the symbol of the Great Song Dynasty, and the person who makes the halogen book clock can't make a mistake how many leopards he eats!
At the same time, Mr. Fu also neglected several crucial points in the design of the gatehouse of the halogen book clock: 1) The gatehouse is the only place where the halogen book clock is surrounded by auspicious clouds; 2) The gatehouse is blocked by big trees; 3) There were some trees before the buildings on both sides of the city gate, according to Mr. Chuan.
Needless to say, the questions about the roof are so strange!
If this door is "Xuande Gate". The buildings on both sides of the city gate and the city gate are on the east-west axis, and the buildings are built on the city wall. Does this tree grow on the wall? In front of the city wall
The two trees are obviously arranged opposite each other, and the position is intentional. Look at the trees on both sides under the city gate. The same trees are deliberately lined up.
The only place where there are six big trees in the whole halogen book clock looks like a courtyard hidden by auspicious clouds.
Why is it like a square yard, not a miniature version of Xuande Gate of the Imperial City?
There are left and right gates on both sides of Xuande Gate in front of the imperial city in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are six gates in the Imperial City, three in front and Xuande Gate in the middle. There is only the main entrance. Where is that door? Obviously not a miniature version of the imperial city!
Inside Xuande Gate is the Great Inner Palace. This door faces the Qing Palace where the emperor works every day. With so many trees, hiding assassins is not bad.
Of course, the most important thing in the palace is the etiquette system. There are trees in the office area, which may not be etiquette feng shui.
Can't there be a big tree outside Xuande Gate? There really can't be. Xuande Gate is the political center of the Great Song Dynasty, in front of which is a world-famous square.
The national ceremony, the world amnesty, the holy table brightly lit, the people have fun, all in Xuande Gate, Hui Zong is free and loves to go upstairs alone. There can't be a big tree here!
Cai Taize, the son of Cai Jing, wrote a note and a story of a dynasty in "Talk about Tiewei Mountain".
In the first month of the sixth year of Xuanhe, Huizong took the harem to Xuande Gate just to "close the curtain" and not let the next hundred people know. "It's the day, I'm alone in the west, and the eunuch doesn't follow." I didn't expect someone to swear upstairs.
When things got worse, they tortured and killed the swearing person, but found nothing.
For the safety of the emperor, no security risks are allowed.
In fact, the reason why there are auspicious clouds and green trees here is to tell: this is not Xuande Gate!
Then where is this momentum and ostentation?
Experts come to conclusions first, but ordinary people don't delve into them.
Wang Mingqi, a scholar who once worked in the Liaoning Provincial Museum, said in the study of the age of the halogen book clock (Textual Research of Liaohai Cultural Relics by Liaoning University Press), "If the center of the decoration of the halogen book clock is Xuande Gate in the Forbidden City, it should be regarded as a symbol of the Northern Song Dynasty".
According to the fact that Xuande Building was changed from three doors to five doors in Zhenghe eight years, he envisaged that the halogen book clock would be cast in Zhenghe and hung in Xuande Building eight years later.
The main building, like the one in Ruihe's picture, has five doors. Anyone who changed would be sure that the "gatehouse" on the halogen book clock is Xuande Gate.
However, people just ignore the details of this "gatehouse" tree on the halogen book clock.
Apart from the harem garden, what kind of place can the palace grow tall trees?
There is only one place-Tang Ming. Tang Ming is the highest (not the largest) building in ancient architecture. It is a place for offering sacrifices to God (Heaven).
According to the ancient system, trees were planted in Tang Ming.
/kloc-Evonne, who acceded to the throne at the age of 0/7, is a master of retro, and his dream is to restore the Mingtang in line with the ancient system.
In the first year of Chongning, Evonne wanted to build Tang Ming. Prime Minister Cai Jing recommended Yao Shunren, an official of the Ministry of Finance who has been studying Tang Ming, and presented "Tang Ming Yi Tu" to Hui Zong.
However, when Hui Zong decided to build it, a comet appeared in the sky, so the matter had to be abandoned.
In the fifth year of Zheng He (1 1 15), Hui Zong made up his mind to build Tang Ming. He published a letter to publicize his respect for God and ancestors. "Cai Jing was appointed as the ambassador of Tang Ming, and he started to work, serving 10,000 people every day."
He personally selected the site, determined the size of the main hall, and relocated the secretariat of Ouchi for this purpose.
Cai Jing's son Cai You and his father helped Hui Zong realize his dream. When he reported his work to the emperor, he wrote: "There were five halls in the Ming Dynasty, and the cloisters were tiled. In ancient times, there was no system. During the Han and Tang dynasties, either wool was built, or tiles were built, or wood was used as tiles to paint. Today, considering the ancient system, it is advisable to cover it with plain tiles and decorate it with glazed edges and the tail of the top cover. The hall is three levels, one level is three feet, and the feast is * * *. Tingshusong, catalpa, and juniper. "
This hall is actually a big yard. There are doors on all sides of the wall, and each door has five doors. The connected corridors are old and have no tiles. Grass and shingles were used in the Han and Tang Dynasties. Cai used unglazed tiles to conform to the ancient style.
He particularly emphasized that pine trees, catalpa bungeana and juniper should be planted in the yard. Pine and cypress are evergreen trees, while catalpa macrophylla is called lianxin tree among the people.
Planting this catalpa tree really embodies the elegance of the Song people.
"Xiaoya of Poetry" said: "Weisang and Zixu respect each other." Why are you so respectful to these two trees? Because these two trees are "father's trees"
Mulberry is my hometown because the trees planted by my parents are there. At the same time, Zigong refers to the coffin of the Han emperor.
Tang Ming has a memorial tablet of heaven and ancestors, so it is especially suitable to plant this kind of catalpa bungeana.
Look carefully at the picture of "courtyard gate" on the halogen book clock. The tall trees in the picture are like pine and cypress in the tower crown. However, the tree with big leaves and two phases is catalpa.
In the Tang Ming courtyard built by Evonne, the main building looks like the sky, the lower part is the place of law, and five rooms symbolize the five elements. The Lord worships God Haotian and worships his father, and major decrees are promulgated here.
Volume 25 of Zi Tongzhi Jianchang Supplement records the performance of designer Yao Shunren on Ming Jiantang.
There are five doors on all sides of the yard, all of which are ancient.
The designer of the halogen book clock arranged the big tree on the upper floor of the clock. First of all, this is the characteristic of Tang Ming. Second, adding trees between buildings can enhance the sense of depth.
This sense of depth tells people that the so-called "multi-storey" and the main gatehouse are not on the same axis!
Today, it is generally believed that the "multi-storey" on both sides of the Zhongmen building is only the east and west gates of Tang Ming, but it is not multi-storey at all.
In fact, this was also Mr. Xi Nian's question: Why are the two buildings of Xuande Gate in Ruihetu resting at the top of the mountain, while the clock in the book of halogen is at the top of the hall?
The Nelson-Atkins Art Museum in the United States has an anonymous volume "Official Records", which depicts the Song Xuande Gate. The buildings on both sides of the main entrance are standard rest peaks.
The standard of the multi-storey building that sets off the main building is lower than the top of the palace. Hui Zong's paintings are combined. But the two so-called "multi-floors" on the halogen book clock are two doors with main doors, which are different!
The halogen book clock is a heavy weapon in Hui Zong, and the design scheme needs to be repeatedly demonstrated. Song people who have always been elegant will not make low-level mistakes in the main and auxiliary systems. Such a national event, absolutely not allowed to make mistakes!
So, what are the four gates of Tang Ming like? Is it Ding Dian?
Nie Chongyi was a master of etiquette in the early Song Dynasty, but he seldom studied "Three Rites" and wrote "Notes on Three Rites Atlas". Look at the design of Tang Ming Gate in this book.
Nie Chongyi's Tang Ming Gate is based on the ancient system, and its design is the same as the "courtyard gate" on the halogen book clock. The top and tail of the hall are decorated, and the shape of the downstairs door is also very similar.
As a place to worship heaven, in other words, where God stays, Tang Ming enjoys the highest architectural level, and its main entrance will definitely adopt the top of the palace and the "three exits" to reflect its supreme status.
"Song History Eighty-seven Years Happy Nine" records a lyric poem of national sacrifice written by Song Zhenzong in the early years: "E-E is both strange and full of people. The princes hold silks, and the queen is the grandson. ? "
In the early Song Dynasty, no formal Ming hall was built, and some halls (such as the Qing Hall) were used for temporary reconstruction. However, even so, it will create an e-person e-book. This is the Song people.
In front of the "gatehouse" on the halogen book clock, you can clearly see two independent pavilions.
At the end of the Song Dynasty, Chen's "Stone Forest Guangji Jingque Map" is the most important image document for studying the imperial palace in the Northern Song Dynasty. The box in the lower right corner of this painting is Tang Ming. You can clearly see the two pavilions in front of the door.
Although we can't see the original architectural drawings of Song Mingtang today, its gates are bound to be of the highest etiquette, such as the Ding Dian, Sanchu Que, five gates and two pavilions, plus towering trees and cigarettes all year round. Isn't this the image of the "gatehouse" on the halogen book clock? ?
It's a bit outrageous for Evonne to be emperor.
Originally he picked up the throne for nothing. He succeeded his brother Zhezong (whose son died), and he is not the oldest of his younger brothers.
Non-leaders inherited the unification, which was strongly opposed by some auxiliary ministers.
This may make him as an artist, extremely sensitive to "providence" and too concerned.
During the Five Dynasties, there was a state of etiquette in Qi and Liang Dynasties. He once said that the country's legal system has three things: "First, it must be upright in the suburbs, second, it must be more dominant, and third, it must be a double loss."
Orthodox mound is a formal ritual music, and ancient emperors worship suburban mound; Jiuding is the symbol of the country; Tree Que is also a kingship.
After Evonne acceded to the throne, he basically did these three things according to the ancient etiquette system. Tang Ming is one of his greatest contributions.
Thousands of years before the Song Dynasty, except for the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China built the Amin Hall according to the ancient system. In historical records, the emblem of Song Huizong is the third.
This is his immortality. It's not that the emperor doesn't want God's blessing, but that he can't build it. If you can't do it well, you will be punished.
National affairs are only about respect and honor, and Tang Ming is the most important one. Without any courage and courage, I dare not even think about it.
It is worth mentioning that as soon as Huizong came to power, he focused on the reform of rites and music. From the first year of Daguan (1 107), Zhao Ji was hands-on, from etiquette principles to the provisions of utensils and articles. He guided the performance of rites and music in the form of "imperial edict" of calligraphy, and formed a number of texts of rites and music systems such as Zhenghe Instrument and Imperial edict.
Evonne also personally wrote The Royal Coronation Ceremony (volume 10). During my four years in Daguan, I finished the new book Daguanli, including Ji Li and Sacrificial Clothing System. After the book The New Rites of Daguan was submitted to Hui Zong for examination and approval, Hui Zongxu was finalized after many discussions by the Rites Department.
This passage includes a series of rituals, such as offering sacrifices in Tang Ming. 1 1 17 years, Tang Ming was built,119 years, Hui Zong promulgated 1206 "Tang Ming etiquette system".
Liao Bo halogen book clock is also an important part of the music ceremony reform.
According to the saying that the clock reaches the door and the picture shows the door, it will take eight years to cast it.
In fact, seven years ago in Zhenghe, Hui Zong held a ceremony to reduce halogen content outside Xuande Gate.
In other words, seven years after Zheng He, there was no halogen ceremony outside Xuande, and the alert was only outside the Qing Dynasty Hall. Xuande Gate was changed to five gates in Zheng He's eighth year (also trying to combine the five elements).
Holy so set the tone, which ignorant guy in the palace dare to smoke? Do you still believe that the gatehouse on the halogen book clock is Xuande Gate?
Song Huizong, who deeply believed in Taoism, spent a lot of energy and financial resources during his twenty years in office, always praying for God's blessing and preaching orthodoxy.
He forged Jiuding, built Tang Ming, reformed rites and music, and so on, all showing people the legitimacy of jurisprudence.
Long editor of "Purple Tongzhi Sword"? Volume 25 records Evonne's calligraphy article "Emperor Jiu Ding" as the leader of the foundry country.
The master of this tripod casting was Wei Hanjin, who was also recommended by Prime Minister Cai Jing. The tripod cast by Taoist Wei for the emperor has four levels of patterns of sun, moon and stars; Ancestral temple subjects; Mountains and rivers Yuan Ye; At the bottom is the dragon.
This is similar to the halogen book clock now hidden in Liao Bo. Especially the bottom two floors, exactly the same.
Taoist told Hui Zong clearly: I will cast a big clock when I finish my work.
Liao Bo halogen book clock is not a masterpiece of Taoist Wei Hanjin. Those who are keen on casting ding and making clocks undoubtedly regard the halogen book clock as a list of achievements and monuments in the suburbs.
In the seventh year of Zheng He, Hui Zong cast Jiuding again. Hong Mai recorded it in "Rong Zhai San Bi, Volume 13".
This may be the belief of Evonne, who is keen on Taoism and casting Zhong Ding. But what compensation is not what he told heaven and secular!
As a relic of court etiquette and sacrificial gifts, the bell is also full of Taoist flavor.
Begging God to protect mountains and rivers forever, even with such heavy weapons, is far from being realized.
The Chu people are on fire, poor scorched earth. However, seven years later, ten years later, the Jin people set foot in the Central Plains, broke Bianjing and captured the second emperor alive.
This clock was swept away from the north with the chimes, rituals and halogen books in the palace, and experienced unspeakable vicissitudes.
Today, what can this looted clock tell us when we are faced with national weapons that have never been passive? Will we be as guilty as the Jin people who yearned for the culture of the Central Plains?
More than a thousand years ago, the clock that prayed silently for her made people feel so strange.
The password of the halogen book clock was not cracked today.
Bibliography:
Crossing Xi Year: Ten Theories of Ancient Architecture in China Fudan University Press
Wang Mingqi: Textual Research on Three Seas Cultural Relics. Liaoning University Press.
Song Shi Zhonghua Bookstore
Zitongzhijian Zhonghua Bookstore
Liang Shu Zhonghua Book Company.
Long editor of "Purple Tongzhi Sword"? Zhonghua Book Company.
Zhang Jin: Qilu Bookstore, a study of the Forbidden City in Lin 'an, Kaifeng in the Song Dynasty.
Yi Peixia: Song Huizong, Guangxi Normal University Press.
Wen, Notes on Three Rites, Guang Ji of Shilin, Congtan on Tiewei Mountain, General Examination of Literature, Rongzhai Essays, etc. They are all published by Zhonghua Book Company.