Lan Xingde was born in Beijing on December 12th in the 11th year of Shunzhi (AD 1655, 65438+ 10, 19). His father was the pearl of the prime minister elected by Emperor Kangxi to the ruling and opposition parties, and his mother felt that Roche was the fifth daughter of Prince Archie of England, and she was the first lady to die. His family Nala, belonging to Zhenghuangqi, was one of the eight most prominent surnames of Manchu in the early Qing Dynasty, and was later called "Yehenala". Nalan Xingde's great-grandfather was named Jin Taishi, whose real name was Ye Baylor, and his younger sister Meng Gu. In the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Nalan Xingde married Nurhachi and gave birth to Prince Huang Taiji. Since then, the Nalan family has a very close relationship with the royal family. So it can be said that his life is doomed to be colorful. Maybe it's nature's trick. Nalan Xingde is just "although you are prosperous, you don't overstep the rules." Nothing is difficult in the world, only care about wealth, wealth and poverty. Being in the halls and mansions, I often think of mountains, rivers, fish and birds. "NaLanXing DE was born in the twelfth month, when I was a child called Dong Lang. He has been very talented since he was a child, and he is obsessed with reading. He learned to ride and shoot when he was a few years old, and entered imperial academy at the age of 17. He was appreciated by Xu, who made a toast to imperial academy and recommended it to his younger brother, Xu, a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of does. Nalan Chengde 18 years old took the Shuntianfu rural examination and passed the examination. 65,438+09 years old, preparing to take the Jinshi exam, but unable to take the court exam due to illness. In the next few years, he studied harder and worshipped Xu as a teacher. Under the guidance of a famous teacher, in two years, he presided over the compilation of a 1792 volume of "Confucian Collection-Tongzhitang Jingjie", which was appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for future development. He also compiled his knowledge and experience in the process of getting familiar with the classics, as well as biographical records of his classmates. In three or four years, he compiled a four-volume Collection of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushuiting, covering history, geography, astronomy, calendar, Buddhism, music, literature and textual research. It shows his extensive knowledge base and various hobbies.
Nalan scenery
When Nalan Xingde was 22 years old, he took the Jinshi exam again and got the seventh place in Dimethyl. Emperor Kangxi gave him the position of third-class bodyguard, and later he was promoted to second class and then to first class. As a bodyguard around the emperor, he participated in romantic and gentle poems as a handsome and mighty military attache. He traveled around with the emperor, was ordered to participate in important strategic reconnaissance, recited poems and translated them with the emperor, and was awarded many times for his sacred will. He is an enviable young talent, both civil and military, a trusted minister valued by the emperor, and a promising official and senior official. But as a poetic genius, he was tired of the vulgarity of officialdom and the life that followed, and had no intention of fame and fortune. Although "in the halls and mansions, there are often thoughts of mountains and rivers and birds." His poems and essays are excellent, especially his ci, which is famous all over the world. At the age of 24, he compiled his own words into a collection called "Side Hat Collection Drinking Words". Later, some people supplemented these two collections, ***349, and edited one place to form Nalan Ci. Nalan Ci, handed down from ancient times, enjoyed a high reputation in the society at that time, was highly praised by scholars and became an outstanding representative of the ci circle of that era. How many people know Nalan's mind when people say, "Everyone is singing" Thinking of Drinking Water "?" It can be seen that his words have great influence. Nalanxingde
In terms of making friends, the most prominent feature of Nalan Xingde is that his friends are all "handsome and different from the world at one time, and it is said that the world is difficult to get along with at one time". Most of these people who refuse to become vulgar are Han literati in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Gu Zhenguan, Yan, Zhu Yizun, Jiang, etc. Nalan Xingde is very sincere to his friends, not only generously helping the poor, but also respecting their character and talents, just like the 3,000 diners in Ping Yuanjun. At that time, many celebrities and talents surrounded him, making his residence Lvshuige (now Bourne Pavilion, the former residence of Soong Ching Ling) famous for its elegant gathering of literati and poets, which objectively promoted the cultural prosperity of Kanggan. The reason is that Nalan Xingde can learn the knowledge of China culture that he admired from Han intellectuals to a certain extent. More importantly, he has his own lofty ideals and noble personality, which obviously makes his actions deviate from the mainstream of society, thus becoming a research hotspot for future generations. 1674, when Nalan Xingde was twenty years old, he married the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. It was the eighteenth year of Lu's life, and he was "born in Yongfu, with a dignified sex". After marriage, the two loved each other, and a happy life inspired his poetry creation. But only three years later, Lu died in childbirth, which brought great pain to Nalan Xingde. Since then, "there are many lamentations, and the hatred of bosom friends is especially deep." The heavy spiritual blow made him repeatedly show endless yearning for love and lost homesickness in his later mourning poems. After Nalan Xingde, she continued to marry into the official family and had a side room Yan. It is worth mentioning that it is said that when Nalan was 30 years old, with the help of Gu Zhenguan, she accepted Shen Wan, a talented woman from the south of the Yangtze River. Shen Wan, whose real name is Yu Chan, is a native of Wucheng, Zhejiang Province, and is the author of Choosing Dream Ci. Concentrate on mourning the work "Abundant God Does Not Reduce Husband". Unfortunately, their love ended in tragedy because of Nalan Xingde's family reasons, and Shen Wansan returned to Jiangnan. As a generation of romantic talents, Nalan Xingde's love life is talked about by later generations, and there are also various rumors that catch the wind. The most rumored is that his cousin entered the palace, but there is no way to verify it.
Poet character
Nalanxingde
The poet's uninhibited personality, natural detachment, outstanding talent and free and easy fame and fortune, together with his rich family background, well-known life experience, golden rank and jade hall, and his future as an official, constitute a sense of contradiction and intangible psychological depression that ordinary people can't observe. Coupled with the early death of his beloved wife, it is difficult to reunite old dreams in the future, and the gathering and separation of literary friends makes him unable to get rid of his deep confusion and pessimism. Tired of career, disdainful of wealth and disdainful of official career, he has no intention to care about anything that can be taken away easily outside his body, but he is obsessed with love that cannot last long and the natural harmony between his heart and the environment. In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), he got together with friends, got drunk, sang three sighs, and then got sick. Seven days later, he died on May 30th (1 July). Although Nalan Xingde only had a short life of 3 1 year, he was one of the famous poets in Qing Dynasty. At that time, when Ci was flourishing, he was known as the "three outstanding poets in Qing Dynasty" together with Chen Weisong, the representative of Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the head of Zhexi School. But in contrast, Nalan Xingde is a Manchu dignitary who has just entered the customs. It is amazing that he can master and use Chinese culture so profoundly. There are 348 poems (342 stories) about Nalan Xingde, which involve love and friendship, frontier fortress in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although he has rich experience as a writer, the number of his poems is small, and his vision is not wide, but his poems are charming because of emotion, and Nalan Xingde is a very real person, so his poems are excellent at that time and later generations, and are highly respected. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, spoke highly of him: "Nalan Rong Ruo looks at things with the eyes of nature and expresses his feelings with the tongue of nature. It's been like this since I first entered the Central Plains and didn't get infected with Han culture. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person. " Kuang Zhouyi also praised him as "the first hand at the beginning of the country" in HSBC Thorn. At the age of 24, Nalan Xingde edited his own words as "Side Hat", renamed it "Drinking Water", and later called Nalan Ci. Looking at Nalan Xingde's ci style, it is fresh and beautiful, sad and stubborn, quite close to the late Tang Dynasty. And he himself appreciates Li Yu very much. He once said: "the words between flowers, such as ancient jade, are expensive and not applicable;" Song Ci is applicable and of low value, and Li Houzhu has its beauty at the same time, which is even more confusing. " In addition, his ci was also influenced by Hua, Yan and others.
Editorial appreciation of this work
Nalan Xingde wrote 20 volumes of Children's Anthology, but his greatest achievement was in ci. His poems are fresh and beautiful, with a unique sense of realism and sharpness, pointing directly at his true heart, which produced a sensational effect of "everyone competing to sing" after the publication of his prints. Behind him, Nalan was known as "the first poet in Manchu Dynasty" and "the first scholar", and he was virtuous and virtuous in Qing Dynasty.
Family talk and scholars all speak highly of him. Wang Guowei praised "seeing things with natural eyes and expressing feelings with natural tongue." When I first entered the Central Plains, I had not infected the Han people. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, I have only one person. "In the period of the Republic of China, he was still a typical example of the early death of a famous wit. This is a proof: Mr. Zhang Henshui wrote in the History of Spring Sacrifice that a gifted scholar died young at the age of 30, and his friend exclaimed: "When I saw the words written on weekdays, I expected that he, like Nalan Rong Ruo, could not live forever ..." Before the reform and opening up, the research community only paid attention to sociality, ignoring artistry, and thought Nalan was virtuous, or wrote about love or friendship. Therefore, when commenting on Nalan Ci, every contemporary anthology should say something like "thin and narrow content" and "low ideological level". In the books compiled by contemporary people, Nalan and Nalan's ci became the lace of literary history and became a dispensable idle pen. This view has been re-examined after the reform and opening up, and the artistry of Nalan Ci has been widely recognized and valued. Especially since the 300th anniversary of the death of 1985 Nalan Xingde, Chengde Nalan Xingde Research Association was established, which pushed Nalan research to a climax. 1In August, 1997, the "Symposium on Minority Literature across the Taiwan Strait" co-sponsored by Taiwan History and Literature Society and Chengde Nalan Xingde Research Association was held in Chengde. The study of Nalan Xingde is an important topic of this conference, and a number of high-quality academic papers have been exchanged. The research on Nalan's family background, life, thoughts and creation is increasingly comprehensive and in-depth. For the general public, Nalan Xingde and Nalan Ci have been widely recognized and loved by people, and some even summarized them as a "social phenomenon"