There used to be Henan Ninh Province, which was abolished on December 26, 1991. There were Taiyuan Province, etc.
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There are 59 provinces in Vietnam, Here is a selective introduction to the general overview of some provinces.
Hexi Province. It governs 2 cities, 12 counties and 14 towns. The capital is Hedong City. It is located in the Red River Delta plain in northern Vietnam, close to Hanoi City, with an area of ??2,148 square kilometers and a population of 2.3666 million. Hexi Province has famous Xiang Temple, Shi Temple, Western Temple, etc., as well as the Sansan Mountain Scenic Area of ??Vietnam National Park.
Nam Dinh Province. It governs 1 city, 9 counties and 9 towns. The capital is Nam Dinh City. Located south of the Red River Delta, it covers an area of ??1,669.36 square kilometers and has a population of 1.9341 million people. Nam Dinh is the textile industry base of Vietnam.
Tai Binh Province. It governs 1 city, 7 counties and 7 towns. The capital is Taiping City. Located in the Red River Delta plain, it is one of the main rice-producing provinces in northern Vietnam. It covers an area of ??1,509 square kilometers and has a population of 1.8526 million people. The province faces the sea on one side and is surrounded by rivers on three sides. It is the hometown of Qiao opera singing and water puppet performances, a folk stage art in northern Vietnam.
Ninh Binh Province. It governs 2 cities, 6 counties and 6 towns. The capital is Ninh Binh City. Located in the southern part of the Red River Delta Plain, it covers an area of ??1,388 square kilometers and has a population of 905,900. The province is rich in tourism resources and has many famous historical sites and natural landscapes, such as Jufang National Forest Park, Phat Yim Cathedral and Hua Lu Ruins.
Ha Giang Province. It governs 1 city, 9 counties and 9 towns. The capital is Ha Giang City. Located in the northernmost tip of Vietnam, it borders China. It covers an area of ??7,831 square kilometers and has a population of 564,300. Ha Giang Province is located in the northern mountainous area. The highest peak, Tay Conlang, is 2,419 meters above sea level. It preserves large areas of virgin forest and contains a variety of rare woods.
Cao Bang Province. It governs 1 city, 11 counties and 10 towns. The capital is Gaoping City. It is located in the northern border area of ??Vietnam and borders Guangxi, China, with an area of ??6,383 square kilometers and a population of 565,700. The northern slope of Cao Bang is the holy place of Vietnamese revolution. There is the beautiful Sanhai Lake.
Lao Cai Province. It governs 1 city, 9 counties and 10 towns. Lao Cai Market, the capital city. It covers an area of ??8,050 square kilometers and has a population of 586,600. Lao Cai Province can be said to be the roof of the Southeast Asian peninsula. The highest peak in Southeast Asia, Fansipan Peak with an altitude of 3142 meters, is located in Lao Cai Province. There is Sapa, an inland summer resort.
Lang Son Province. It governs 1 city, 10 counties and 14 towns. The capital is Lang Son City. It is a northern border province of Vietnam, bordering Guangxi, China, with a 253-kilometer border. It covers an area of ??8,187 square kilometers and has a population of 728,800. Tongdeng, a border city in the province, has become an open port for border trade, cultural exchanges and tourism between the two countries. The border port within China is Pingxiang City.
Tuan Quang Province. It governs 1 city, 5 counties and 5 towns. The capital is Tuyuan Quang City. It is a province in the mountainous area of ??northern Vietnam, covering an area of ??5,801 square kilometers and a population of 679,800. Tuyen Quang Province is rich in minerals, flora and fauna and forest native products.
Taiyuan Province. It governs 2 cities, 7 counties and 13 towns. The capital is Taiyuan City. Located in the northeastern part of northern Vietnam, it covers an area of ??3,769 square kilometers and has a population of 996,400. Taiyuan is the largest steel industry base in the country and is known as the "Steel Capital" of Vietnam.
Phu Tho Province. It governs 2 cities, 10 counties and 10 towns. The capital is Yuechi City. Located 90 kilometers west of Hanoi, it covers an area of ??3,465 square kilometers and has a population of 1.2835 million people. Phu Tho Province is considered the cradle of the Vietnamese nation and is the site of the Van Lang Kingdom established by Hung King, known as the ancestor of Vietnam in history. Yuechi is the national light industry and chemical industry base.
Vinh Phuc Province. It governs 1 city, 6 counties and 8 towns. The capital is Yong'an City. Located in the interior of northern Vietnam, only 60 kilometers away from the capital Hanoi, it covers an area of ??1,362 square kilometers and has a population of 1.0846 million people. There is Tamao Mountain, a famous summer resort in northern Vietnam.
Bac Ninh Province. It governs 1 city, 7 counties and 7 towns. The capital is Bac Ninh. Located in the northern plains of Vietnam, it covers an area of ??799 square kilometers and has a population of 939,600.
Bac Ninh Province is one of the birthplaces of traditional culture in northern Vietnam. It is famous throughout Vietnam for its "official greetings" and East Lake New Year paintings.
Quang Ninh Province. It governs 3 cities, 11 counties and 11 towns. The capital is Halong City, which was called Hon Gai City before 1994. It is a province at the northeastern tip of Vietnam, bordering China's Guangxi, with a 170-kilometer border. The border port of Mang Cai is separated from the Chinese border port of Dongxing City by a Beilun River that is dozens of meters wide. Quang Ninh Province covers an area of ??5,938 square kilometers and has a population of 938,400. The province faces the Gulf of Tonkin and is Vietnam's coal base. The province has famous tourist attractions such as Halong Bay, known as "Guilin on the Sea", Bai Chai Beach, Van Don Ancient Commercial Port, and Cha Co Beach. In 1994, Halong Bay was included in the World Natural Heritage List by UNESCO.
Peace Province. It governs 1 city, 10 counties and 11 towns. The capital is Heping City. It is a mountainous province in the northwest region of northern Vietnam, covering an area of ??4,612 square kilometers and a population of 770,000. Many famous archaeological sites in Vietnam are found here, which is called "peace culture" by the archaeological community.
Tang Hoa Province. It governs 3 cities, 24 counties and 32 towns. The capital is Thanh Hoa. It is a province located at the junction of northern and central Vietnam, with an area of ??11,168 square kilometers and a population of 3.553 million. The archaeological excavation conducted in 1924 made it a famous archaeological site in Vietnam and the world, known as the "Dong Son Cultural Site"; Qinshan in this province is one of the most famous summer resorts in Vietnam.
Nghe An Province. It governs 2 cities, 17 counties and 17 towns. The capital is Vinh City. It is a large province in central Vietnam, covering an area of ??16,371 square kilometers and a population of 2.8738 million. Kim Lien Village in Nan Tan District, Nghe An Province is the hometown of President Ho Chi Minh, the great leader of the Vietnamese people.
Quang Tri Province. It governs 2 cities, 7 counties and 8 towns. The capital is Donghe City. Located in the south of Quang Binh Province, it covers an area of ??4,588 square kilometers and has a population of 562,300. The Xian Liang Bridge on the Hai River in the territory is the 17th parallel of north latitude, the temporary military dividing line between north and south Vietnam stipulated in the Geneva Agreement on Vietnam signed in 1954.
Thua Thien—Hue Province. It governs 1 city, 8 counties and 8 towns. The capital is Hue City. A central province in central Vietnam, it covers an area of ??5,010 square kilometers and has a population of 1,041,900. Hue is the capital of the Nguyen Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in Vietnam. It has ancient monuments such as the Imperial City and Imperial Mausoleums. In 1993, Hue's historic buildings were included in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.
Quang Nam Province. It governs 2 cities, 12 counties and 12 towns. The capital is Sanqi City. It covers an area of ??11,043 square kilometers and has a population of 1.3794 million people. Quang Nam province is famous for the small town of Hoi An and the ruins of the ancient Champa kingdom of My Son. Hoi An, this province, is known as Vietnam’s “Chinatown”. My Son Temple and Hoi An Ancient Town were included in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO in 1999.
Khanh Hoa Province. It governs 2 cities, 5 counties and 5 towns. The capital is Nha Trang City. It is a coastal province in the south of central Vietnam, with an area of ??5,257 square kilometers and a population of 993,500. Khanh Hoa Province’s coastline is 200 kilometers long and is rich in seafood, including bird’s nests. Nha Trang is Vietnam's premier seaside tourist destination. Cam Ranh Bay is a world-famous natural harbor.
Gia Lai Province. It governs 1 city, 12 counties and 13 towns. The capital is Polegu. Vietnam's Tay Nguyen province borders Cambodia to the west with a 90-kilometer border. It covers an area of ??15,662 square kilometers and has a population of 844,400. With an altitude of 600 to 800 meters, the mountains are high and the forests are dense, and the natural landscape is majestic.
Tay Ninh Province. It governs 1 city, 8 counties and 8 towns. The capital is Xining City. The western border province of South Vietnam is bordered by Cambodia on three sides, with a 240-kilometer border. It covers an area of ??4,029 square kilometers and has a population of 931,900. The revolutionary site in Tay Ninh Province was listed as a national cultural relic protection unit in Vietnam in 1989. It was once the base of the anti-U.S. and national salvation revolution in southern Vietnam.
Binh Duong Province. It governs 1 city, 6 counties and 8 towns. The capital is Thu Dau Mot City. A plain province in southern Vietnam, connected to Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in the south, with an area of ??2,718 square kilometers and a population of 649,600. The traditional handicraft industry is very developed, especially the ceramic industry, which is known as the "Porcelain Capital" of southern Vietnam.
An Giang Province. It governs 2 cities, 9 counties and 9 towns. The capital is Longchuan City.
Located in the western part of the Southern Plains, it covers an area of ??3,424 square kilometers and has a population of 2.0555 million people. An Giang Province is the province with the largest rice production in Vietnam. Local traditional handicraft products mainly include silk from Xinzhou and fish sauce from Chau Doc.
Tra Vinh Province. It governs 1 city, 7 counties and 9 towns. The capital is Tra Vinh City. Located at the lower end of the Mekong River in the southern plains, it covers an area of ??2,369 square kilometers and has a population of 1,003,300 people. Rice cultivation, seafood fishing, vegetables, fruits and fish and shrimp farming are the pillar industries here.
Bac Lieu Province. It governs 1 city, 5 counties and 6 towns. The capital is Bac Lieu City. Located near the southernmost tip of Vietnam's long and narrow country, it covers an area of ??2,485 square kilometers and has a population of 783,600.
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The evolution of Vietnam's administrative divisions in the past 30 years (transfer)
Since the reunification of the north and the south in 1975, Vietnam has 36 provinces and 3 central municipalities. In just 30 years, after several major adjustments in administrative divisions, as of the end of 2004, Vietnam is now divided into 59 provinces and 5 central municipalities. Looking at countries around the world and neighboring countries, Vietnam is one of the countries with the largest and most frequent changes in administrative divisions in the past 30 years.
According to the Vietnamese National Constitution: the first-level administrative regions across the country are divided into provinces and central municipalities. Below the province level, it is divided into counties and provincial cities; below the central municipality level, it is divided into counties, counties and county-level cities. Those below the county level are divided into townships and towns; those below the provincial level and city level are divided into families and townships, and those below the county level are also divided into families.
After the unification of North and South Vietnam on April 30, 1975, Vietnam made a major adjustment to the original northern and southern administrative divisions. According to the resolution passed by the second session of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on December 27, 1975, the original 70 provinces (municipalities) in the north and south were merged and adjusted into 35 provinces and 3 municipalities. After the reunification of North and South Vietnam, on April 25, 1976, a nationally unified Congress, the Sixth Congress, was elected. On July 2, at the first meeting of the Sixth National Congress, the reunification of the north and the south was announced, the country was named the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Hanoi was officially designated as the capital, and Saigon-Jiading City was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. . In early 1979, the Vietnamese Congress separated Cao Lang Province, which is adjacent to China, into Lang Son Province and Cao Bang Province. In the early 1980s, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was divided into 36 provinces, one special zone and three municipalities.
According to the resolution passed by the fifth session of the Eighth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 30, 1989, the original Yi Binh Province was reorganized into Quang Ngai Province and Binh Binh Province; the original Phu Province Khanh Province was split into Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa provinces; the former Binh Tri Thien Province was split into Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue provinces. As of 1989, the country was divided into 40 provinces, 3 municipalities and 1 special zone.
On August 12, 1991, the 9th session of the 8th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam passed a resolution to merge Yuan Nguy Tinh, Hoang Lien Son, Ha Xuan, Gia Lai-Kon Tum, The five provinces of Ha Son Binh were re-divided into 10 provinces of Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Hoa Hoa and Ha Tay, and the province of Ba Ria-Vung Tau was established (from the original Vung Tau —Con Dao Island Special Administrative Region and 3 districts of Dong Nai Province). The number of first-level administrative regions nationwide has increased to 49.
On December 26, 1991, at the 10th session of the Eighth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, it was announced that the four former provinces of Thuan Hai, Hau Giang, Kowloon and Henan Ninh would be reorganized into It is divided into 8 provinces: Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, Can Tho, Soc Trang, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Nam Ha and Ninh Binh. By the end of 1991, the number of first-level administrative districts nationwide had increased to 53.
According to the resolution passed by the 10th session of the 9th National Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on November 6, 1996, the following eight provinces in Vietnam were divided into two and divided into 15 provinces. province and 1 central municipality.
For example, the original Hebei Province was split into Bac Giang and Bac Ninh Provinces, with the capitals set in Bac Giang City and Bac Ninh City with the same names respectively; the original Nam Ha Province was split into Nam Dinh Province and Ha Nan Province, with the capitals set in Nam Dinh City and Phu Ly City respectively. ; The original Vinh Phu Province was divided into Vinh Phu Province and Phu Tho Province, with their capitals set in Vinh An City and Viet Chi City respectively; the original Quang Nam-Da Nang Province was split into Quang Nam Province and Da Nang City, and the capital of Quang Nam Province was Tam Chi City. , Da Nang was upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government; the former Xiao Ha Province was separated into Binh Duong Province and Binh Phuoc Province, with the capitals set in Thu Dau Mot City and Loc Ninh City respectively; the former Minh Hai Province was separated into Bac Lieu Province and Ca Mau Province, with the capitals respectively set in The cities of Bac Lieu and Ca Mau with the same names. To this end, starting from January 1, 1997, Vietnam's first-level administrative regions were divided into 57 provinces and 4 municipalities.
In January 1997, in order to promote the economic development of central Vietnam, Vietnam took an important measure to deepen reform and opening up, which was to upgrade Da Nang City, the capital of Quang Nam-Da Nang Province, into the fourth central municipality. .
In May 2004, the Vietnamese Congress passed a resolution to upgrade Can Tho, the capital of Can Tho Province in the south, to the fifth central municipality. At this time, a central municipality was formed on Vietnam's narrow land from north to south. "2 1 2 "reasonable layout. The remaining Can Tho Province was renamed Hau Giang Province. In addition, the southern part of Lai Chau Province in the northwest was divided into Dien Bien Province, with the capital located in the famous Chinese and foreign Dien Bien Phu; the southern part of Dak Lak Province in the Taiyuan region was divided into Donon Province, with the capital being Chiayi City. To this end, Vietnam currently has 59 provinces and 5 central municipalities (Hanoi, Haiphong, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh City, Can Tho).
Comparing the size and organizational structure of Chinese provinces with Vietnamese provinces, most Vietnamese provinces cover an area of ??about 5,000 square kilometers, which is only one-twentieth of Zhejiang Province. Generally, a province has 3 to 5 counties under its jurisdiction, and rarely more than 10 counties. Therefore, it can be said that Vietnam's provinces are not on the same level as China's provinces in terms of scale and organization. Regarding the naming of provinces, 28 of the 59 provinces in Vietnam have the same name as their provincial names and capitals. This is different from China, where none of the provincial names and capital names have the same name.
As we all know, China and Vietnam have a long historical relationship. The two countries have extremely close exchanges in politics, economy, and culture. Therefore, the Chinese and Vietnamese languages ??are closely related. According to research by linguist Wang Li, Vietnamese currently retains a large number of ancient Chinese phonetic sounds and vocabulary. According to imprecise statistics, there are more than 60 Chinese loanwords in modern Vietnamese. Among Vietnamese place names, Chinese loanwords are also an important component. It must also be mentioned that Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country composed of 54 ethnic groups, including the dominant ethnic group Kinh (Viet), so there are many place names in minority languages. From the perspective of the etymology of place names, the names of Vietnam's first-level administrative regions and their capitals fall into three categories: 1. Sino-Vietnamese; 2. Pure Vietnamese; 3. Minority languages.
When studying Vietnam’s administrative divisions and drawing maps of Vietnam, we must inform readers that Vietnam openly labels the islands and reefs of my country’s Nansha Islands as Truong Sa County on maps and administrative divisions, which belong to Khanh Hoa Province; The Paracel Islands are marked as Hoang Sa County and belong to Quang Nam Province. This behavior will not be tolerated. Therefore, cartographers must be extremely careful when using Vietnam published maps to draw maps of Vietnam.