The first part generally introduces the generalization of psychology, from heart to heart, to the unity of knowledge and action, to spiritual and material practice, to conscience, to Tian Quan's four-sentence teaching of Tao, and finally to clear mind.
So, what are the key points of studying and practicing "Xue Xin"?
In fact, I didn't feel clearly at that time, so I reread Professor Li Bo's Five Hundred Years of Wang Yangming. With a new feeling, I began to write this sequel. Welcome all the great gods to comment and advise!
First of all, why are many of us so confused at present? We read a lot of books, but we still can't live a good life. This is because we can't break the thief in our hearts.
When a person encounters difficulties and setbacks in life, he does not escape and is not afraid to face problems and solve troubles. This is not real maturity or success.
Overcome yourself, face and accept your inner habits and emotions, and be able to restrain yourself with your conscience, not controlled by your habits and emotions.
This is the greatest significance that Xue Xin teaches us modern people.
It is easy to steal from a broken mountain.
In September of 11th year, the imperial court appointed Wang Yangming as the governor of Nan, Gan, Ting and Zhang. Compared with the current Central Inspection Team, this position inspects four places: Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan. (Explain a little, it is roughly these four areas, because the administrative divisions of the Ming Dynasty are different from now).
At that time, banditry in these four places was very serious. There are mainly four bandits entrenched.
The bandit leader near Shanghang is Xie, who lives in the Tingjiang River valley in southwest Fujian. He is also the nearest bandit to Wang Yangming.
The farthest place is the border between Fujian and Guangdong, where the bandit leader is called Master Zhan.
Lu Ke in Longmen, Guangdong Province is also the weakest bandit.
The strongest bandit is Chi Zhongrong, who lives in Liantou, Guangdong.
Then, Wang Yangming's battle plan against these four bandits is quite unexpected. The army he commanded first attacked Master Zhan, who was farthest from him.
At that time, Zhan Shifu himself occupied the border between Fujian and Guangdong and lived in Tulou Village. Friends who have been to Fujian know that the earth buildings in Fujian are very strong, like fortresses.
Wang Yangming's fire attack blocked the bandits' retreat and wiped them out in one fell swoop.
After the victory of this battle, Wang Yangming successfully subdued three other bandits. At the same time, Wang Yangming also wrote an announcement against bandits everywhere.
The main idea is that you have embarked on the illegal road of bandits, and you have been forced to take the wrong train of thought and go astray. Give each other a step first, show sympathy, understand each other's difficulties and gain trust.
So I can't sleep at night as the governor of Gannan, and I want to give you a way to return to the right path and a way out. List the conditions of negotiation and the ways to solve the problem.
Once you return to normal life, through your own efforts, cultivate farmers and businessmen and make a fortune. What a wonderful life! You don't have to live in fear all day like now. Looking to the future, the prospect will tempt you.
In the end, if you fight blindly, you will definitely not have a good result. You can't beat me. If we finally meet, as a brother and sister, I will be very sad and uncomfortable. Intimidation and inducement, both pressure and tenderness.
It can be seen that the negotiation level of Wang Yangming is really high! Well-founded, temperate, affectionate and righteous. It is simply a template of modern negotiation art!
First, give the other side a step to gain the basis of dialogue between the two sides; Then give a solution, describe the prospect, and let the other party agree; Finally, use aversion to loss to urge the other party to make a decision.
So is the effect of this submission comparable to that of a love letter?
According to historical records, it has achieved the magical effect of attracting Lu, confusing Xie and suspecting the pool.
Zhao Lu.
Lu Ke of Longchuan, Guangdong Province, saw this letter and immediately led his troops to surrender to Wang Yangming, completely wooing him. Because Lu Ke himself was a squire, he was forced to go to Liangshan and become a bandit leader.
Therefore, as soon as Wang Yangming's "Report on Thieves in Chicken Nest" came out, he immediately came to defect.
Out of order. thank you
When Master Zhan was destroyed and hugged him, Xie in Shanghang couldn't sit still and was utterly confused. Because Xie's strength at that time was still very strong, second only to Chi Zhongrong.
Hesitant to thank both ends of the first mouse, Wang Yangming sent his troops to attack directly without saying anything.
Of course, Wang Yangming, as a master of psychology, is definitely not impulsive and brave. But Wang Yangming has a plan to win.
Why is it difficult to get rid of Xie Zhi's bandits? Moreover, before the confrontation between officers and men, they also won less and lost more. It is precisely because Xie relied on his steep terrain and clever defense that the officers and men suffered a big loss and dared not provoke him easily.
As a result, Xie's gang is getting bigger and bigger, and bandits and outlaws around him have come to take refuge in him, forming a situation that the tail is too big to fail.
The way for Governor Wang to win is that he has completely mastered Xie's every move. Wang Yangming captured Xie's official's son and Zhang Bao, a skillful craftsman who designed the layout of Xie's lair.
Under the powerful psychological offensive of Governor Wang, he completely rebelled. Xie's lair, shortcuts, and shortcuts were all explained.
Therefore, Wang Shouren won World War I, broke through the enemy lines and captured Xie alive.
Later, Wang Yangming's trial of Xie was also very interesting.
Q: How did you get so many people to obey your orders?
Xie deserves to be the culprit. Even if caught, tied by flowers, still heroic said to Wang Yangming:
When you meet a hero, you will never let it go easily. You should make friends in many ways, eat meat and drink together, contact feelings, treat them sincerely, and be moved by your career achievements, and finally form a combat team.
Hearing this, Wang Yangming said to his students: Look at the like-minded and ideal goals pursued by our Confucian people. The bandit actually did it.
Guess, Xie is highly valued by Wang Yangming and has Confucian spirit. Will Governor Wang be heroic and forgive him?
Haha, I didn't expect Wang Yangming to praise Xie, so he asked for a token sword and ordered Xie to be pushed out and beheaded.
Question pool.
Chi Zhongrong, who lives in Liantou, Guangdong, was oppressed by the court, and the officials forced the people to rebel, taking his brother and villagers with him. Moreover, his stronghold is in the border area of four provinces, so the number of people gathered is increasing. With the advantage of numbers, he became the leader of the four bandits.
Boss Chi read Wang Yangming's letter and hesitated. Especially after other accomplices and bandits were swept away by Wang Yangming's autumn wind. Chi Zhongrong sent his younger brother Chi Zhongan to negotiate with Wang Yangming.
During this period, Wang Yangming also made a move "Zhou Yu hit the yellow cover".
Because Lu Ke made an enemy with Chi Zhongrong, in front of Chi Zhongan, Wang Yangming not only hit Lu Ke with thirty sticks, but also put him in prison.
Let Chi Zhongan believe that it is biased towards our Chi family.
It is said that in the evening, Wang Shouren visited Lu Ke in prison. When we met, although we were speechless, we smiled at each other. In this laughter, both of them know what is going on!
It is said that after Chi Zhongrong learned of these developments of Wang Yangming, he also wrote back saying that he would surrender, but it would take time.
This looks like procrastination. So Wang Yangming also put forward his own requirements, that is, how sincere you Chi Zhongrong is to come to Ganzhou in person, and we can talk face to face!
Chi Zhongrong deserves to be the boss of the four big gangs. He was bold and took 93 brothers and his best kung fu men to see Wang Yangming in Ganzhou.
At this moment, Wang Yangming is also a good host to Chi Zhongrong, eating and living well, and accompanying Chi Zhongrong to celebrate the Lantern Festival.
However, as a master of psychology, Wang Yangming, in his days with Chi Zhongrong, found that this bandit had sly eyes and repeated thoughts, and decided to destroy him.
So, on New Year's Eve, Wang Yangming sent someone to tell Chi Zhongrong that when I finished my birthday, Wang Daren would give me a reward, and the whole family would have a share. You and your brother also have it, and you can get it one after another!
As a result, all 93 people left and never came back, leaving only Chi Zhongrong.
Suddenly, Wang Yangming rushed into the house with officers and men, tied Chi Zhongrong with a rope, and counted all kinds of bad things he did in the local area.
For the people at the border of these four provinces, Chi Zhongrong was finally killed. At the same time, let loyalists sneak into Chi Zhongrong's lair and attack Liantou Village.
As the boss of Chi was brought to justice, the bandits were like headless flies, and collapsed with one blow.
Since then, Wang Yangming has eliminated this bandit with the greatest power, the longest occupation time and the most serious harm.
In particular, these four bandits have been entrenched for decades. It took Wang Yangming only one year and three months to wipe out the bandits here like autumn leaves.
This is the art of war, not necessarily! It is Wang Yangming's profound insight into human nature and a thorough grasp of people's desires, emotions and habits.
So, if you control people, you control things and control the overall situation.
This is the real practical significance of Xue Xin.
It's hard to hurt a thief's heart.
To control others, you must first control yourself.
After winning the war against bandits, Wang Yangming said a very important aphorism: it is easy to break a mountain thief, but difficult to break a heart thief.
The highest realm of Wang Yangming's "mind study" is "to conscience". It is difficult for most of us to reach the realm of conscience, because deep down, we have all kinds of desires and selfish ideas that blind our conscience.
In other words, we all know the principles of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faithfulness", and they all exist in our hearts (mind is reason, but there is nothing outside). But why can't we do it?
It is this "thief" in your heart that prevents you from exploring and reaching the right path of conscience.
Therefore, Yangming's theory of mind is not only a classic article of Confucianism, but also a practical spirit and a cultural guide to solving problems.
Because when you really want to solve the problem, you must first face your own heart, get rid of the interference of selfish distractions and be unaffected by external factors, so that you can live in harmony with the whole world and have a clear conscience. This is the thief in your heart.
Peace of mind is a conscience, not that you are happy. Is that you can get along with others, the outside world and the whole universe naturally and harmoniously.
Even if you were lucky enough to succeed for a while, but you didn't really solve the problem and improve your thinking mode, it is also a thief in your heart.
Only if you want to do it from the heart and do it with your heart, will your actions have infinite power and you will have that indomitable enthusiasm.
So, what is Wang Yangming's "heart thief"?
There are three categories: the first category is desire; The second is emotion; The third is habit.
First, desire. It is divided into three forms.
The first form is all kinds of greedy and selfish distractions that we all know. For example, jealousy, greed, harming others and benefiting themselves, and maximizing their own interests.
Although we all know that these negative desires will make people collapse instantly, many people will still take risks and fall into the black hole of desire under the temptation of real interests.
That's what I said: no money, all honest people; If you don't meet beauty, you are righteous; No danger, all heroes; No bones, all good dogs.
When a person is controlled by greed, his eyes are only temptation, only focusing on how to obtain his own vested interests, often ignoring the dangers around him.
In fact, not only in the state of greed and temptation, we ordinary people will ignore other gains and losses, including security considerations, when we are doing what we like, when we are too focused and serious.
For example, if you are too addicted to your hobbies, you will ignore the care and companionship of your family, and even affect your daily life, diet and daily life. Staying up late is harmful to your health. Have you ever played games all night? )
This phenomenon is called "psychological blind spot".
Tell me more here. Wang Yangming himself once put forward the concept of "silent thief". The thief was silent.
Zhan Ruoshui, a good friend of Wang Yangming and an advocate of psychology. Wang Yangming was once criticized as "talkative", which means that Wang Yangming talks a lot. This is a typical case of tuberculosis.
Because there is a commandment in Confucian culture that "you can't talk too much", that is, you will suffer if you talk too much. In modern buzzwords, silence is golden.
But Wang Yangming believes that silence is also one of the thieves. Pretend to know clearly that you don't understand, but pretend to be profound, and confuse and deceive each other with silence and silent external performance in order to gain benefits.
There is another situation that is even more hateful. That is to know the inside story and know what to do to avoid danger. But they play dumb, pretend they don't know anything, and even use silence to make money. Let the whole organization suffer.
Just like Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the treasury dried up, but officials were greedy for ink. Everyone knows that the imperial court is on the verge of collapse, but no one has come out to reform. Everyone was silent and continued to collect money for themselves, deceiving Emperor Chongzhen and the people. Until Li Zicheng went to Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on an old pagoda tree with a crooked neck in Jingshan.
So when Zhan Ruoshui criticized Wang Yangming for talking too much, Wang himself analyzed the harm of silence, listened to his own voice, said what he should say and did what he should do. Because "the heart is reason, there is nothing outside the heart."
This is actually of great practical significance. Especially in the process of interpersonal communication, be friends. When you see a friend with bad habits or misbehavior, don't think it is better to do one more thing. Do whatever you want, but don't persuade him or stop him. It's a silent thief.
If you say that the other party doesn't listen, it's the other party's own fault; If you don't say it, let it fall. This is the thief of the heart, and your "conscience" has been blinded. May be out of fear of trouble, afraid of conflict; Maybe it's because I just want to see each other's jokes and make a fool of him.
The second form is unwilling.
Unwilling, although it is not harmful, it does not violate the law and morality, but it is unwilling to face the present result. Among them, comparing with others is the most harmful.
It is this paranoid spiritual power that may get you into Sisyphus's predicament. Keep pushing the rolling stones up the mountain, and the rolling stones keep falling down the mountain, and so on.
When you cling to your inner unwillingness, you must get the result you want, thus losing the general direction and ultimate goal of life and forgetting your initial heart. Just don't hit the south wall and don't look back, and eventually you will be frustrated in endless resentment and grief.
The most common thing is that after lovers break up, the one who is broken up often abandons his dignity, humble himself into the dust to save and pester each other.
What's more, if you can't get it, you will destroy your extreme thoughts, and eventually harm others and yourself, and you will be in a state of perdition.
The third form is called "doing bad things with good intentions". This is also a heart thief. But it is the deepest hidden and not easy to be detected.
Because at this moment, in our hearts, we feel that we are completely out of kindness, out of kindness, and all for the good of each other. As a result, they imposed their ideas on each other, causing dissatisfaction with each other and the two sides broke up in discord.
From the perspective of psychoanalysis, this so-called "I do it for your own good" behavior is actually that we want to satisfy our inner values and sense of accomplishment. If left unchecked, it will become a chilling desire for possession and control.
The most common place is parent-child relationship. Small to winter, mother told you to wear long pants, worried that you would catch cold and get sick; In the middle state, parents enroll their children in various interest classes, forcing them to learn all kinds of knowledge, which puts great pressure on them; As big as all kinds of urging marriage, it interferes with children's freedom of marriage and affects children's emotional happiness for a lifetime.
It must be admitted that both parents think they are good for their children and don't want him to suffer from diseases; I don't want him to lose at the starting line and become a pillar in the future; I don't want him to be alone all his life. Someone can take care of him.
But do children really feel happy and free inside? Will they really study hard with conscious and heartfelt enthusiasm? Is their marriage really carefree and happy?
When we face the first form of greed, we need to use our self-discipline to abide by morality and law, so as not to let ourselves get deeper and deeper in the quagmire of desire. ?
In the face of the second form of unwillingness and the third form of heart thief who does bad things with good intentions, we need to balance our behavior with the Confucian classic thought of "going too far". In fact, this is also the essence of "conscience" in psychology, using one's own conscience to guide one's behavior. (Unity of knowing and doing)
The second category, emotions.
The classic emotional ABC theory put forward by American psychologist Alice. He believes that we often have some unreasonable beliefs that make us have all kinds of emotional troubles. If the body has these problems for a long time, it will also cause emotional disorders.
The so-called emotional ABC A stands for activatingeventb, which stands for belief (cognition); C stands for consensus (the result of behavior). We can improve and manage our emotions by adjusting and changing our cognition and views on things.
The most famous example.
On a train on Friday afternoon, the passengers were filled with joy and looked forward to the joy brought by the weekend.
Suddenly, the child's crying rang out in the carriage, and the voice became louder and louder. The noise upset all the passengers and ruined their original happy mood.
Moreover, the father of the child does not seem to want to stop the child and let the child cry loudly.
At this point, all the passengers flew into a rage. Someone called the conductor, and someone went straight to the theory.
I saw this seemingly irresponsible father and said with a sad face:
"I'm sorry to bother you. The child cried because this morning, my wife, also the mother of the child, had a car accident and died on the spot. The child is very sad now, and I don't know how to comfort him. "
Hearing this, the passengers who were furious before suddenly quieted down and looked at the poor father and son with pity.
No one will blame them any more.
Therefore, in this emotional ABC theory, the most important thing is B, that is, when all passengers learned of the tragic experience of the father and son, B (cognition) changed C (behavior result), from worry to sympathy.
One thing that hasn't changed is the crying of children.
Then, the emotional distress caused by your own unreasonable cognition is what Wang Yangming called "the thief of the heart", which hinders your mental maturity and blinds your "conscience".
Remember Wang Yangming's experience of buying land to build an academy? When Wang Yangming learned that he had lent money to the elderly, he wanted to sell his land to Wang Yangming, but Wang Daren didn't want to take advantage of others' danger. As a result, the old man sold the land to others, and Wang Yangming was annoyed when he saw the old man's land. Because this land has such good feng shui, it is very suitable for building an academy.
Later, Wang Yangming immediately sat still, ignored the world, eliminated this negative emotion of regret, and returned himself to a rational state with his conscience!
You see, even Rainbow Yangming, a master of psychology, will have unreasonable emotional reactions, let alone ordinary people?
Especially in today's society, with the progress of science and technology, the physical distance between people has narrowed, and planes and trains can send people thousands of miles away at dawn.
At the same time, all kinds of information and information spread rapidly, and all kinds of emergencies are complicated. Therefore, you always face difficulties, setbacks, conflicts, contradictions and disputes in your life.
Your emotions, thoughts and feelings are always unaffected, and your heart is influenced by external things.
Everyone has heard of this fable. Father and son are driving donkeys to the market. Some people on the road laughed at them, saying that it was foolish not to ride a donkey.
Hearing this, the father and son felt that what others said was reasonable, so they rode on the donkey together. Just a few steps, someone said, you two are so heavy that the donkey is exhausted.
Hearing this, the father said to his son, get on the donkey and I'll walk. As a result, passers-by muttered that it was unfilial for a son to ride a donkey and a father to walk! Hearing this, the son immediately got off the donkey and let his father ride on the donkey.
Haven't walked a few steps, I heard someone say, this is a cruel father, leisurely riding a donkey, let such a small son walk!
In the end, father and son were neither, so they had to carry donkeys and become donkey riders, not donkey riders.
Therefore, letting your emotions do things, your heart is controlled by external information, and it is also an inner thief. Because you lost your heart and blinded your conscience.
The third category, habits.
Habit is not only a habit, but also your character and life goal.
As mentioned earlier, Wang Yangming treated the four bandits differently.
As soon as Lu Ke surrendered, he used it again, because he was a very simple man in essence, and he just wanted to live a stable and peaceful life.
And after Xie was arrested, Although Wang Yangming admires Xie's wisdom and ambition, Xie's personality is heroic and faithful. He thinks he has achieved the core spirit of Confucianism. But kill it immediately without saying anything.
Because Xie's ambition is to dominate one side and make money in the countryside, his life goal is wrong. When the goal is wrong, no matter how beautiful the process is, its harm is even greater.
As for Chi Zhongrong, it is the root of trouble. This man's character is cruel and cunning. The imperial court surrendered before, but he reneged on his word many times and rebelled. So it must be eliminated and uprooted.
This is Wang Yangming's skill, knowing people and making good use of them. For different objects, fully understand and know what kind of person, personality and life ambition the other person is. Then make an accurate judgment, make the right decision, and reap the appropriate results.
Behaviorism in modern psychology has a view that everything you are now is created by your habits and personality. Success is made by good habits, and failure is made by bad habits.
As the saying goes, character determines fate, and habit determines behavior.
Zeng Guofan once said a famous saying: the word loser is either arrogant or lazy. That is arrogance and laziness.
Arrogant people think that Laozi is the best in the world and does whatever he wants. Lazy people are not practical, they are lazy to do what they want to do, and they put off what they should do.
How can such a life be successful and happy? Only failure, resentment, and self-degradation, let yourself fall into endless embarrassment and hardship.
There is a legend in Europe that during the period of Alexander the Great, a rich boy got a treasure map. On a cliff by the sea, there is a stone that turns stone into gold. The stone feels hot.
After getting the secret, the rich boy walked alone and found the cliff. But there are small stones everywhere.
He came up with an idea, that is, pick up a stone and throw it into the sea lukewarm.
One day, two days, one month, two months, one year, two years, ten years, the rich boy finally found the hot stone.
I was ecstatic to see him, and then something happened. He threw this precious treasure into the sea.
This is the power of inertia and habit. Because he has been throwing it for ten years before, he clearly knows that he can't do it, but he will still do it according to his habits and make corresponding body movements according to the old model.
Of course, this is just a fantasy! Nothing in the world can turn stone into gold.
But in real life, each of us will be in this state more or less.
Imagine, if you brush a short video all day, you are extremely disgusted with yourself now. You want to change and do something positive. For example, reading for a while or doing some housework.
But my body doesn't listen to me, and my fingers are still scratching up to click on the new video. I don't want to leave for a long time. Even if the phone is dead, pick up a charging treasure and continue watching boring video content.
Therefore, in fact, most of us are in our own habits, it is difficult to make changes, and we are unwilling to go out of our comfort zone.
And sadly, good habits are difficult to establish, but they quickly degenerate; Bad habits are formed at once, but it is slow and difficult to correct them. This requires perseverance and self-discipline determination.
So, what is the guiding significance of the theory of mind for the thief who breaks his heart?
Yes, because psychology is also full of positive energy and value.
Your mind helps you to establish a correct value orientation, and then you are brave enough to take responsibility and full of wisdom. Change your habits with the unity of knowing and doing, and get rid of the true teachings of heart thieves.
Conscience can help you change yourself and achieve yourself. When you focus on your goals and immerse yourself in the whole process, your body will emit great positive energy.
This process is somewhat similar to the concept of "flow" in modern psychology. It was put forward by American psychologist mihaly csikszentmihalyi.
Mental flow in psychology refers to a psychological state that people show when they are absorbed in a certain behavior.
It is a feeling that one's personal spirit is completely involved in some kind of activity. There will be a high degree of excitement and accomplishment while flowing.
At the same time, mihaly csikszentmihalyi believes that the activities that make flow happen are diverse.
Just like Zhou Ying, a student of Wang Yangming, in order to truly understand the ultimate meaning of the unity of knowledge and action, he went to Chuzhou, not far from Wan Li, to personally ask Wang Yangming for advice.
It is in this learning process that no matter what Zhou Ying's personality is, whether she is introverted or extroverted, elegant or irritable; No matter what good habits or bad habits Zhou Ying has, it can't affect his determination to pursue the unity of knowing and doing.
When the body is guided by "to conscience", it can only move towards its own goal, and there is nothing else to ask for.
Therefore, Wang Yangming's famous saying: it is easy to break the mountain thief, but it is difficult to break the heart thief.
At present, the practical significance is that thieves in the mountains are actually various problems that we encounter every day. Whether it is work, marriage, parent-child, family, accidents are everywhere, and problems will appear at any time.
We should face it bravely and solve it bravely. This is not a problem. Life is a process of constantly generating problems, encountering problems and encountering setbacks. Our adult life is to solve these problems one by one.
The thief in our hearts is the biggest obstacle when we solve these problems (thieves in the mountains).
We often talk about chicken soup. For example, the hardest thing for a person is to overcome himself. Only by defeating yourself is the first condition for victory. In fact, this is a continuation of the broken-hearted thief, or a copy.
When you are defeated by the thief in your heart and controlled by your own desires, emotions and habits, you will be afraid of difficulties and start to suffer.
The most common external manifestation is procrastination. Unwilling to face difficulties and avoid problems.
Bury your head in the sand like an ostrich. I think the problem will disappear automatically, which will eventually lead to things getting worse, falling into an uncontrollable situation, turning life into a chicken feather and becoming a complete loser.
Wang Yangming devoted all his energy and wisdom to the cause of enlightenment.
The psychological theory of the unity of knowing and doing helps us get rid of the thieves inside, and guides us to gain the power of light and positive energy to face the difficulties and bumps in life. Establish your mature personality and thinking mode, set up the big goal of life, and reach this bright realm.
Tucao: I have been writing for a long time, constantly revising and improving. However, I always feel that the understanding of "heart thief" is not deep enough. In life, we have always been controlled by our own minds, such as blindly exploring and proving our own value, and rarely pursuing self-identity inward.
So the significance of Yangming's theory of mind is far more profound than what I wrote. This sequel and the last one are both my personal feelings and very shallow.
If you have different opinions, you are welcome to discuss them together, so that we can make faster progress and have a deeper understanding of Wang Yangming's mind, and at the same time, we can integrate knowledge with practice and achieve better ourselves.