Han Yu, Zihui, is from Jingzhou. Han Changli, a native of Heyang (now mengzhou city, Henan Province), was originally from Changli, Hebei Province. An outstanding writer and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, the leader of the ancient prose movement, and the leader of the "Eight Masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties" occupy a lofty position in the history of China's prose development. Su Dongpo praised him as "the decline of eight generations of literature." Scientific name and official career have suffered many setbacks, and their thoughts tend to be retro. Politically, he opposed the separatist regime of the buffer region and safeguarded the reunification of the Tang Dynasty. Advocating Taoism and criticizing Buddhism and Taoism. He led the "ancient prose movement" against parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, and opposed the flashy formalism style. His prose writing theories, such as the unity of literature and Taoism, the combination of enthusiasm and propriety, the importance of expressing one's will and the order of words, have important guiding significance for future generations. His articles are magnificent, luxurious and unrestrained, full of twists and turns, novel and concise, logical and rigorous, blending ancient and modern. Whether it is discussion, narration or lyricism, it has formed a unique style and reached a height that no one has reached before. All his works are included in Mr. Changli's collection of works.
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) and Chang 'an. In the early years of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, and he was the official governor. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life. Most of his poems are about expressing depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, which makes him unique. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and others were called "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" by later generations.
In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left outstanding works for future generations. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape travel notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature. Because of its artistic achievements, it has been told by people throughout the ages and is highly respected. Besides fable poems, Liu Zongyuan also wrote many fables, such as Donkey of Guizhou and Mouse of Yongmou, which became famous fables in ancient times. "The donkey is poor in skills" has become an idiom, and almost everyone knows it. Some fables are short in length, but they are told through the ages, just like his landscapes.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yongshu was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan) because Jizhou was originally from Luling County. Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. He advocated political and literary innovation. He is not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also a leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like collecting inscriptions and compiling them into Ancient Records. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. The poem "Walking on Shakespeare".
Ouyang Xiu was buried in Xinzheng, Kaifeng (now Xinzheng, Henan) after his death. The existing Ouyang Xiu Cemetery in Ouyang Shi Village, Xindian Town, xinzheng city is a state-level cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there is an ancestral temple named Liuyitang in the southern suburb of Mianyang today. This paper selects six articles: On Separation, Biography of Historians of the Five Dynasties, Preface to Drunk Pavilion, Ode to Autumn Sound, Sacrifice and Selling Oil Weng. Choose six of his ci poems: Picking Mulberry Seeds (after the West Lake blooms), Resentment (when the autumn frost rolls the morning curtain), Treading on the sand (when the pavilion is full of plum blossoms), trampoline (last January), Wrong in Chao (leaning against the clear sky on the railing of Pingshan) and Butterfly Lovers (how deep the courtyard is). His first poems were "A Play Answering Yuan Zhen" and "Thrushcross Birds".
Su Xun
Su Xun was an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Han nationality, together with its sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are called "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Han Qi recommended him as secretary of Wen 'an County, bookkeeper of provincial schools and master book. He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. And Jia.
It is said that I didn't study until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. Three years after Jiayou, Renzong called him to the Scheeren's office to take the exam, but he said that he was ill and refused to reply. For five years, Jia You served as the secretary of the provincial school book lang. Later, he wrote "Tai Chang Li" with Yao He, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.
Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. He believes that to govern the country well, it is necessary to "assess the situation" and "smooth the situation." He advocated "respecting prestige", strengthening official management, breaking the laziness, inspiring the enterprising spirit of the people all over the world and revitalizing the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun has a good understanding of social reality, is good at summing up historical experience and lessons, and takes history as a mirror, although his political essays inevitably have some pedantic and biased views, many of his views are still to the point.
Ceng Gong said that Su Xun "likes to call a spade a spade very much". Su Xun's 65,438+00 books, Tactics, Counting the Enemy, Balance of Power, Secret Books of Shang Dynasty, Enemy System and Book of Shang Emperor, all discuss military issues. In the famous Six Kingdoms, he believed that the downfall of the Six Kingdoms was to bribe the State of Qin. In fact, it is a mockery of the past and accuses the humiliating policy of the Song Dynasty. The investigation of the enemy further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to cripple the people. The Military System puts forward the idea of reforming the military system, restoring military morality and credibility. The Bill of Rights systematically studies the strategic and tactical issues. In Ji Xiang, he pointed out the strategic mistake that Ji Xiang could not attack Xianyang. He also emphasized the strategic and tactical principles of avoiding reality, attacking the weak with strong force, making good use of surprise soldiers, suspecting soldiers, making a quick decision and winning by surprise.
Su Xun's lyric prose is not much, but there are also many wonderful chapters. In "Sending Stone to the North", he hoped that Shi, a friend of Qidan, would not be afraid of violence, write lightly and have momentum. The Portrait of Zhang Yizhou describes Zhang's deeds of governing Yizhou, and creates an image of a feudal official who is lenient and loves the people. The Story of the Wooden Rockery expresses feelings with things, praising a spirit of self-reliance and integrity.
Su Xun's prose has distinct arguments, strong arguments, sharp language and strong persuasiveness. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "excellent eloquence" and said that "going up and down, fast-forward and fast-out, must be built deep and then stop" ("Epitaph of the Soviet Union in the Lord's Book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou"); Ceng Gong also commented on his articles "Pointing at things, using the introduction to explain things" and "Worry must not be chaotic, the boss must not flow" ("Mourning for Su Mingyun"), both of which are more pertinent. The artistic style is magnificent and varied. Some articles are also good at twists and turns. Su Xun also evaluated his works as "the poet's softness, the poet's simplicity, the softness of Meng and Han, the move and merger, and the simplicity of Sun and Wu" in his book "Going to the Field with Dense Density". The language of his article is concise, concise and meaningful; But sometimes, he can be on a par with others, and he is especially good at making vivid and wonderful metaphors, such as "The Story of Brother Zhong Fu Ziwen", which uses geomantic omen as a metaphor and makes a natural description, which is an example.
Su Xun's paper is also full of penetrating insights. He opposes flashy and weird prose and advocates learning ancient prose; Emphasize that the article should be "sincerely convinced" and write "from the heart"; It is advocated that articles should be "made for things" and "words must be in the present". He also discussed different styles of * * * and different writing methods. He is especially good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various essays from comparison. For example, the first book "The Connotation of Shang Ouyang" commented well on the articles of Mencius, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu.
Su Xun doesn't write many poems, but he is good at writing five ancient poems, which are simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems were "profound and tasteful, and the words were like their prose" (Shi Lin Shi Hua). His two poems by Ouyang Yongshu, White Rabbit, Seeing the Mountain off, Yan Shu, Answering Two Covenants and Waiting for Wu, are excellent, but their overall achievements are far less than those of prose.
Su Xun's works were popular in various versions in the Song Dynasty, and most of them had been lost. Today, there is a remnant of the Collected Works of Lao Su in the Northern Song Dynasty. The popular books are four-part series, shadow and song dynasty notes, nail polish collection, volume 15.
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 ~111), a native of Song Dynasty, was called "Dongpo lay man" and posthumous title Wenzhong, at the age of 64. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Sansu" is three of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to his father Su Xun, the "Su Laoquan" who mentioned "Twenty-seven, just to get angry" at St Amethyst. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with an article "On Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", but mistakenly won the second place among the top students in high school.
In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the examination of secondary education in China, which is commonly known as the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade, which is "the first in a hundred years". He appointed Dali as the judge of Fengxiang House in judicial affairs and signed a book. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity.
At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people. He disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After taking office, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case.
Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a slope in the east of the city and make up for his livelihood by farming. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. I was promoted to Mr. Sheren in the previous dynasty, and then to Mr. Sheren in Zhongshu three months later, so I was promoted to imperial academy.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But soon, due to political disagreement, Yingzhou was released. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again and was demoted again. After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shuan for permanent resettlement and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.
Su Zhe
Su Zhe (1039 ~112) was an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi, they are called "Three Sus", ranking among the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". The son is from Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Emperor Injong's reign (1057), he joined Su Shi as a scholar. Soon after, he returned to mourning because of the loss of his mother. For six years, Jiayou gave a series of lectures with Su Shi. At that time, he was not appointed as an official because of "begging for support" and has been an official in Daming House since then. In the third year of Xining (1070), he wrote a letter to Zongshen, urging the new law to remain unchanged, and wrote a letter to Wang Anshi, criticizing the new law fiercely. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he entered Henan as an official. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), his brother Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". He wrote that he wanted to use his official position to atone for his brother, but he could not be implicated. He was demoted and sentenced to Yunzhou salt and wine tax. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, the old party was in power, and was recalled as a secretary, a provincial school book lang and a right secretary, promoted to a living lang, and transferred to the position of a Chinese book clerk and assistant minister of the household department. In the fourth year (1089), Zhezong Yuanyou authorized the official department minister to be sent to Qidan. He is also the heir to the empire. For six years, he worshipped Shang Shu You Cheng, entered the door as an assistant minister, and took charge of state affairs. In the eighth year of Yuan You, philosophers took charge of politics, and the new school came back to power. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), he wrote against current politics and was demoted as an official. He knew Ruzhou and Yuanzhou, was responsible for granting special permission to Huazhou and resettling Leizhou, and was later demoted to Zhou Xun and other places. After worshiping Ning for three years (1 104), Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in the countryside, built a room called "Yi Lao Zhai", and named it "Welcome guests and care for the elderly". He took reading and writing as his occupation and sat in meditation. After his death, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Ming Taizu Temple and decided to bury him.
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has twice served as a reformer and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
Politician Wang Anshi
In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Wang Anshi took the fourth place as a scholar, and successively signed books for Huainan (Yangzhou), Yinxian (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), Zhou Shu (now Buried Hill, Anhui) and other places to pass the verdict. He was transferred to Kaifeng as a judge of the animal husbandry department, and then transferred to Changzhou to raise officials and businessmen on Jiangnan East Road, which was called the third department. Years of experience as a local official made Wang Anshi realize that the root of social poverty in the Song Dynasty was merger, and the crisis faced by feudal rule in the Song Dynasty was "worrying about the country at home and not fearing barbarians abroad". Therefore, Wang Anshi called for a comprehensive reform of the written law since the early Song Dynasty in the book Yan Hong Shu written by Zhao Zhen of Song Renzong in the third year of Jiayou (1058) in order to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness. Take the example of Sima Yan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Li Longji who only wanted to "relax" and did not seek reform, and finally fell down. Wang Anshi had a rare sense of urgency for reform, and shouted: "If the ancient times are accurate, the world can be peaceful and chaotic, and don't rush to today when possible", demanding immediate reform of the written law; Otherwise, the history of Huang Chao's death in the Tang Dynasty will repeat itself, and the Song Dynasty will also embark on the road of extinction. The feudal scholar-officials also placed high hopes on Wang Anshi and looked forward to his coming to power as soon as possible. At the beginning of Xining, Wang Anshi, as the attendant minister of Hanlin bachelor, discussed the way of governing the country with the young Song Shenzong Song Shenzong, which won the appreciation of Song Shenzong. In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi became a consultant in politics, and was promoted to prime minister the following year, and began to vigorously carry out reforms.
The purpose of Wang Anshi's political reform is to enrich Qiang Bing, so as to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty and consolidate the rule of the landlord class. Wang Anshi clearly put forward that financial management is the prime minister's first priority, expounded the relationship between politics and financial management, and pointed out that "politics is the principle of financial management, and financial management is the so-called righteousness." More importantly, before Wang Anshi came to power, he thought that only on the basis of developing production can the national financial problem be solved: "The wealth of the world is born with the strength of the world, and the wealth of the world is taken from the expense of the world." After Wang Anshi took office, he continued to play this view. He once pointed out: "Those who do nothing today are short of money, so I put financial management first", while "financial management is urgent for farmers, and farmers are eager to get rid of hardships, restrain mergers and promote agriculture". In this reform, Wang Anshi put the development of production in the first place as the top priority. In Wang Anshi's view, in order to develop production, the first thing is to "relieve (laborers) suffering, restrain mergers and take pleasure in agriculture", mobilize the enthusiasm of laborers, and bring those idle people back to the front line of production. Harvest depends on people, not on the sky. To achieve this goal, the state power needs to formulate corresponding principles and policies and carry out top-down reforms nationwide. Although Wang Anshi emphasized the leading role of state power in the reform, he disapproved of excessive state intervention in social production and economic life, opposed excessive patent collection, and put forward and adhered to the proposition and practice of "not too much monopoly law". Under the guidance of Wang Anshi's above thoughts, the reformists formulated and implemented a series of new laws, such as farmland water conservancy, young crops, exemption from labor, fair loss, easy market, exemption from money and mining tax system, and carried out extensive social reforms from agriculture to handicrafts, commerce and from rural areas to cities. At the same time, the reformists headed by Wang Anshi reformed the military system, improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the army, and strengthened control over the vast rural areas; In order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education system have also been reformed. The so-called Three Classics and New Meanings, such as Zhou, Yi Shu and Poetic Art written by Wang Anshi himself, have provided new teaching materials for school education reform.
Political reform goes against the interests of conservatives and is opposed by conservatives. So Wang Anshi and Ning JaeHee went on strike for the first time in seven years. In particular, due to the differences between Wang Anshi, the designer of the reform, and Song Shenzong, the supreme moderator of the reform, Wang Anshi could not get more support after reunification and could not continue the reform. Coupled with the internal division of the reformists, his son Wang Kan died, and Wang Anshi resigned as prime minister for the second time in the ninth year of JaeHee Ning, and has lived in jiangning house ever since. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), conservatives came to power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi was deeply disturbed by the reversal of the political situation. When he heard that the immunity law had also been abolished, he could not help but say with indignation, "Enough!" Soon, he died of depression.
Xin You (102 1) lived in Song Zhenzong Tianxi for five years and one year.
1998 1 1 month 12 was born in Linjiang army (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi).
In the eighth year of Renzong Tiansheng, Gengwu (1030) was ten years old.
Wang Yi learned about Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong) from the temple, and Wang Anshi went to Shaozhou with his father.
Ming Dow is twelve years old and Gui You (1033) is thirteen years old.
Wang Yi returned to Linchuan (now Dongxiang, Jiangxi) to pay homage to his mother, accompanied by Wang Anshi.
Kyoko Kyoko (1036) is sixteen years old.
Wang Yishu went to Beijing accompanied by Wang Anshi.
Jing You four years Ding Chou (1037) was seventeen years old.
In April, Wang Yitong sentenced jiangning house (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), accompanied by Wang Anshi.
Baoyuan was nineteen years old in the second year (1039).
In February, Wang Yi died in Jiangning.
Li Qing two years (1042) was 52 years old.
In March, Wang Anshi ranked fourth on Emperor Wen of Sui's list. Sign a book with Secretary Lang and deposit it in Huainan for official business.
In the sixth year of Li Qing, Xu Bing (1046) was twenty-six.
Since Linchuan went to Beijing, he did not ask for library posts, but changed to Dali to evaluate things and know Yin County.
Huang You three years Xin Mao (105 1) is thirty-one.
Zhou Shu (now Anhui Buried Hill) was sentenced by Cheng Tong in this temple.
In the first year of He Zhi, Wu Jia (1054) was thirty-four years old.
Since Zhou Shu entered Beijing, he was specially awarded the Jixian School, but he refused to accept it. In September, he was removed from the post of shepherd.
In the second year of Jiayou, Ding You (1057) was 37 years old.
In May, I changed to Dr. Taichang, knowing Changzhou.
Jiayou was thirty-eight years old when the Reform Movement of 1898 (1058).
Mention some Jiangdong prisons in February. He returned to Beijing in October and served as a judge of the third court.
Jia You's six-year-old Xin Chou (106 1) 4 1 year old.
He was imprisoned in the Ministry of Industry in Beijing as a doctor, imperial edict and picket.
Guimao (1063) is 43 years old.
Injong March, Yingzong (Zhao Shu) was founded. In August, mother Wu died of illness in the capital and was buried in Jiangning in October.
Ding Wei (1067) was forty-seven years old after four years of Zhiping.
In the first month, the English Sect died and the God Sect (Zhao Yong) was founded. A letter to the old officer, knowing jiangning house. In September, he was called Hanlin Bachelor.
In the first year of Zongshen Xining, Wu Shen (1068) was 48 years old.
In April, he entered Beijing from Jiangning. The imperial edict is getting more and more correct.
Xining is 49 years old for two years (1069).
In February, he advised the doctor to participate in politics. Promulgate the law of equal transmission, the law of young crops and the law of farmland water conservancy.
Geng Xu (1070) is fifty years old.
/kloc-in February, I joined Hanjiang as a college student and worked in Pingzhang History Museum. The law establishing Garbo.
Xining five years, Lunzi (1072) 52 years old.
Market changing method and horse protection method.
Xining six years (1073), 53 years old.
Mention the justice bureau. In September, Xihe won a great victory, and God gave it a jade belt.
In the seventh year of Xining, Jia Yin (1074) was 54 years old.
In March, the tax equalization law was promulgated. In April, the new law suffered its first setback, and jiangning house knew the scholar and Guan Wendian of the official department. 10 month, made by hand.
In the eighth year of Xining, Mao Yi (1075) was 55 years old.
In February, I went back to worship the college students in Zhangzhao Hall, Zhang Shihe, Tongping. In June, Jin Jia left the servant to shoot and served as assistant minister.
Chen Bing (1076) is 56 years old.
In June, my son died. In October, "for our time, the town south with flat chapter, sentenced to jiangning house.
Yuanfeng was 58 years old in the first year (1078).
In the first month, he entered Shangshu, left servant shot, and sealed Shu Guogong.
Yuan Feng was three years old, and Geng Shen (1080) was sixty years old.
In September, GATT entered Shangshu, left servant and assistant minister, and changed to Jing Guogong.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Jiazi (1084) was sixty-four.
Begging to use the house as a temple, it was named "Baoning".
Yuan Feng is sixty-five years old (1085).
In March, Zongshen died, and Zhezong (Zhao Xu) acceded to the throne. The new law has been abolished.
In the first year of Zhezong Yuanyou, Bing Yin (1086) was sixty-six.
He died on the sixth day of April and gave it to a teacher.
Ceng Gong
Ceng Gong (10 19— 1083) was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Northern Song Dynasty writer, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Song Jiayou became a scholar in the second year (1057). When I was a child, Ceng Gong and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together, and Bai You showed a good talent. His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), at the age of 39, he was admitted as a scholar and was appointed as the Taiping Judicial Army, from which he embarked on his career. The following year, Feng recalled to Beijing, edited and collated books in the history museum, moved the museum to collate, and recruited collating talents. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as the governor of Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming and Bo, and was quite famous. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Zongshen summoned him, he proposed that economy was the key to financial management, which was quite appreciated by Zongshen, and he left three classes to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen was good at historiography, so he appointed the History Museum to compile the Outline of the Five Dynasties, but failed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Jiangning House the following year. When operating Buddhism, we pursue "Wen Ding". Ceng Gong's performance on the political stage is not outstanding, but his greater contribution lies in his academic thought and literary career.