In the first month of the third year of Fu Yuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 100), Song Huizong acceded to the throne, and Queen Zongshen listened to her. Su Shi, who lived in Hainan Island for four years, was pardoned and returned to the north.
In June, Su Shi crossed the sea with his family and traveled between Leizhou, Lianzhou and Yongzhou. 1 1 month, a new will was delivered, allowing him to choose his own residence.
Su Shi took the lead in thinking of Su Zhe, his younger brother who settled in Xuchang. His original plan was this: "Then cross the ridge, cross Jiangxi ... or respond to Chang (Xuchang), and the old brothers live together." But at the same time, he hesitated, because his brother is not rich, and a family of thirty people is undoubtedly a great burden.
But Su Zhe's kind invitation finally made Su Shi make up his mind to live next door to his brother in the north. But just as he was about to leave, there was bad news: the queen mother had passed away, and the DPRK was afraid that things would repeat themselves.
Upon hearing this, Su Shi felt dejected and wrote a letter "Ziyou Emperor's Book" and went to Changzhou. The book says:
"I can't wait for the old brothers to get together. This day is like a day! ..... This trip has no intention of getting together, but it saves effort and avoids harm. " -The Eighth Book of Ziyou Land
However, even after living in Changzhou for a year, Su Shi fell ill. 11kloc-0/On July 28th, Su Shi died suddenly in Changzhou. In my old age, I finally settled down and had a stable harvest, only one month.
In May of A.D. 1 102, Su Lang came to jia county with his father's coffin. At this time, their eldest brother Mai Su also escorted his mother Wang Runzhi's coffin out of Kaifeng. On June 20th, under the auspices of Su Zhe, Su Shi and his wife finally settled down in a field in Henan/jia county/Juntai Township/Shangruili Village.
Su Dongpo's burial place, making @ Ancient City
Many cities in China cherish memories of Dongpo. Meizhou, Sichuan is the place where Su Dongpo was born and raised, where he spent the softest and most comfortable childhood in his life.
Changzhou, Jiangsu Province is Dongpo's burial place, where he once built a field and declared with joy that "this trip is really Tian She Weng";
Huangzhou, Hubei Province is the refuge of Dongpo after his narrow escape, and it is a turning point in his life to complete his spiritual breakthrough.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province is Dongpo's "joy of life" and his long-awaited resting place.
There is also the soft mouth of litchi in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, and then "too lazy to be a Lingnan person" and "I have traveled wonderfully for my life" in Danzhou, Hainan. ...
Dongpo's whereabouts map, making @ Ancient City (curve represents the direction of travel)
If Su Dongpo's burial place is in any of the above places, it may not make people feel abrupt, but after Dongpo's death, he was accidentally buried in a little-known Jia county.
Why can this rural area in central Henan PK off a number of powerful "opponents" and become the ultimate destination of great writers? What is the story of Dongpo's last journey before the dust settles?
With such questions, we came to Jiaxian.
Portrait, photography of Su Shi, Sansuyuan, Jiaxian County? ancient city
Jiaxian County is located in the south of Jishan Mountain and the north of Ruhe River. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Ruzhou. 1084, Song Shenzong wanted to use Su Shi again, and he transferred him from Huangzhou to Ruzhou. If Su Shi went to Ruzhou to perform his duties according to the imperial edict, then his relationship with Jia County is extraordinary, and it is reasonable to bury his bones here.
However, after receiving the imperial edict, Su Shi did not immediately return to the north by land, but went south to the Yangtze River and walked slowly by water. On the way, he even wrote two "Changzhou Life Table", saying that the travel expenses had been exhausted and there was no food and clothing at home. Please live near Changzhou. Zong Shen said something sad with tears in his eyes. He couldn't stand this insistence, so he agreed to live in Changzhou for the time being.
Therefore, the fate between Dongpo and Ruzhou actually ends with the imperial edict.
However, not being an official in Ruzhou does not mean that you have never been to Jia County. Because Su Dongpo passed Xuluogu Road in Ruzhou more than once, and Jia County was the only place to pass. Therefore, Dongpo was at least a passer-by in Jia County.
Location Jia County and Sansufen, making @ Gucheng.
At the foot of Ji Mountain, which is 0/7 km northwest of Jiaxian County, two slender mountains broke away from the main body of the mountains and extended into the open fields. Both mountains are slightly curved and look like a pair of slender eyebrows with willow leaves from a distance. Locals call it Little Emei Mountain.
Su Shi's tomb is not far from the east side of this pair of eyebrows.
Susan Garden under Little Emei Mountain, photography? ancient city
Why Dongpo was buried under Mount Emei in Jiaxian County, the mainstream explanation is roughly as follows:
When Su Dongpo passed Jia County, he saw that the mountains and rivers here were quite similar to his hometown Meishan, and the small Emei Mountain was more similar to Emei Mountain in central Sichuan. He stopped to praise and expressed his willingness to be buried here in a hundred years.
This is a poetic and romantic statement, which is easily accepted by people who love Dongpo, so it has been widely quoted in countless articles, books and even inscriptions for hundreds of years.
However, it is probably the conclusion drawn by predecessors behind closed doors. Because as long as you compare yourself, you can find that the valley plain where Su San's tomb in Jiaxian County is located is very different from the low mountains and hills in Su San Township, Meishan, Dongpo's hometown, and Xiao Emei Mountain in Jiaxian County is very different from Emei Mountain in Sichuan.
Completely different landforms have created @ Gucheng.
Different scenery, photography? ancient city
Although the scenery in Jiaxian can't make Dongpo homesick, the word "Little Emei" is enough to evoke the reverie of Emei Mountain in Sichuan.
A new question is, does the name of Little Emei Mountain have anything to do with Dongpo?
The answer lies in Su Zhe's pen. 1 102, when Su Zhe greeted Su Shi's coffin in jia county, he wrote a eulogy, in which he specifically mentioned such a passage: "Although the land is rough, the mountain is named Emei, it is doomed by heaven, and so are people."
It can be seen that the two slender hills in Jiaxian countryside were originally called "Emei Mountain". The origin of this name is entirely because the mountain looks like a moth eyebrow, which was neither taken by the Su brothers nor dictated by the beauty of adults. Add a "small" in front to distinguish it from Emei Mountain in Sichuan.
Little Emei Mountain looks like a moth eyebrow, making @ Gucheng.
Although the two Mount Emei are different in appearance, the same name has brought a little connection between Shu and the Central Plains, which are more than 1000 kilometers apart. Will this faint connection be the key factor of Dongpo's burial?
Su Shi never stopped writing all his life, and his works spread all over the world were numerous, but he didn't mention a word about Jia County, so that people couldn't agree on the reason why he was buried in Jia County.
Some people say that Jiaxian is an ideal burial place with good geomantic omen, good mountains and rivers and deep soil layers. It is also said that after the death of senior officials in the Song Dynasty, most of them will be buried near Gyeonggi or the Imperial Tomb to show loyalty, while Jia County is not far from the capital Kaifeng and Gongyi Song Ling. Others said that Su Shi's Su Zhe brothers were embarrassed because of their long-term demotion and could not afford to be buried in Meishan. Burying in the Central Plains not only saves a lot of money, but also facilitates the mourning and sacrifice of relatives. ...
But these are all reasons inferred from the results, and Jia County cannot be locked on this basis. For example, Jiaxian County is not the only place around Songshan Mountain with deep water and thick soil. Although Jiaxian County is not far from Fenghe and Gongyi, it can be closer if it is closer. In order to save money and facilitate sacrifices, there is a large area of land to choose from in the west of Yingchang. ...
If we want to locate Jia County accurately, we must look for clues from the decision-making process of burying Jia County.
Jia county sansu powder, photography? ancient city
11kloc-0/In May, Su Shi, who went to Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng City, Yangzhou), wrote back to inform Su Zhe that he would not go north to Yingchang because of the changes in the situation in North Korea. At this time, Su Shi was in good health, but at the end of the letter, he suddenly talked about what was behind him. He wrote:
"Buried, brother, please be decisive. Eight lang fu can be used, and I can use it without exception. Buying land is even more difficult. If it is left as a funeral, don't follow the custom. " -"Zi You Di Shu" Eighth Jane
His wife is Huang, the wife of Su Yuan, the third son of Su Zhe. Su Zhe was relegated to Lingnan, and Su Yuan and his wife accompanied him all the way, but Huang died of illness. Su Zhe was deeply sorry and promised to bring the coffin back to the north to "return home".
As Su Zhe's letter has been scattered for a long time, we don't know the content of the letter, but it is not difficult to infer from Su Shi's reply that Su Zhe is choosing a cemetery for Fu. In his letter, he consulted his brother and took this opportunity to ask where the two brothers would be buried after their death.
Su Shi's opinion is very clear: it is easy to bury a cemetery with Balang's wife. Don't do as the Romans do. As for where the cemetery is, it's up to my brother to arrange it.
Sansuyuan Zhengqi Hall, photography? ancient city
In June, Su Shi arrived in Changzhou, but unexpectedly he could not afford to get sick.
Su Zhe wrote in "The Epitaph of the Late Brother and Father": When Gong began to get sick, the book belonged to the saying: "I died and was buried at the foot of Songshan Mountain, and my son wrote it for me."
In "In Memory of My Dead Brother", I wrote: Sorrow comes from the East, and illness cannot be met. Burying Songyang is not just about saving lives. (Note: "Songyang" refers to Song Shan Zhinan, and "governing life" refers to a person's will when he was awake. )
In the article "Farewell to the Death of Wang Sao", I wrote: My brother is no longer alive, and I am buried in a small place with thick and deep soil ... Although I am not my hometown, my relatives are not far away, so don't be afraid or surprised.
I wrote in the article "Send it back to the East": My disciples have gone, and my last words will bury you. Quotations and female history, about you. (Note: "Dongjiu" is the ancestor of Meishan Sujia, and "Shi" is Su Shi, the second son of Su Zhe. )
Su Zhe's eulogy tells us that before Su Shi's death, the two brothers had been writing to each other, and the final burial place was at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain and Ruzhou.
Geographically speaking, Ruzhou is actually at the foot of Mount Ji. Lushan Mountain and Songshan Mountain are two different branches of Funiu Mountain extending eastward. However, due to the close proximity of the two mountains, the independence of Mount Ji was concealed by the fame of Songshan, so the ancients also included Mount Ji in the records of Songshan.
There used to be a tall building in Ruzhou called "Wang Songlou", which was a must-see place for ancient literati to come to Ruzhou. Su Zhe once looked at the peaks of Shao Shi from Wang Song Tower. Therefore, in the cognition of Song people, it is not wrong to say that Ruzhou is located in Songyang.
Looking at Lushan Mountain and taking pictures on Songshan Mountain? ancient city
The decision to bury Songyang should be made by Su Zhe, and it was recognized by Su Shi. As for why it is Songshan and Ruzhou, we still have to find the answer from Su Zhe's words.
Su Zhe said in "Farewell to My Dead Brother": "The first ridge is in the west, and the mountain of the old spring is next to the bone. Since ancient times, there have been words. If the situation cannot be followed, the husband will not be pregnant. "
It turned out that Su Zhe had made an agreement with his brother that he would leave leaves and be buried beside his parents. Coupled with his promise of "returning home", it can be seen that Su Zhe's ideal choice is his hometown Meishan. However, due to the current situation, he can only reluctantly remove Meishan from the list of candidates.
There is a need to add a detail here: at that time, besides Dongpo and his wife Huang, Su Geng's dead wife Ouyang was waiting for burial. Su Zhe is not only choosing the burial place for four relatives, but also choosing the omen for himself and his wife. So once this place is selected, it will become another ancestor of Su's descendants outside Meishan.
At that time, after the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, Song Huizong wanted to carry out political reform again. Seeing that the new party is in power, the old party is bound to be suppressed, and the fate of the Su family is unknown again. If the coffin is transported back to Sichuan at this juncture, it will not only face economic difficulties, but also political risks that may implicate relatives in hometown. Under such double pressure, Su Zhe can only sigh: "If the situation is pressing, my husband will not be pregnant." .
Sansuyuan Yangsutang, photography? ancient city
Meishan can't go back, and the second choice is the Central Plains, where "children and grandchildren live in peace and never move again".
At that time, the existence of Mount Emei in jia county was undoubtedly a great comfort to the two Soviet brothers who were eager to return home but could not get it. Placing a new ancestor at the foot of Mount Emei naturally becomes the best choice of "God's will".
So, how did Su Zhe know about Little Emei Mountain?
There are two possibilities. One is that Su Zhe used to be a magistrate in Ruzhou, and he had heard about Little Emei Mountain. Secondly, Su Zhe discovered Xiao Emei Mountain in the process of divination.
If Su Zhe didn't know in advance that there was a small Emei in Jiaxian, he would definitely look to Songshan when choosing the omen. Because Songshan Mountain is not only the sacred cultural mountain in the Central Plains, but also the spiritual highland of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty. Moreover, both Su Xun and Su Shi once expressed their desire to retire from Songshan Mountain in their poems. In addition, it should be close to Songshan but not too far from Yingchang. After all, the Central Plains is not the hometown, and only those who are buried in it can be fearless.
In this way, the choice is narrowed to the west of Yingchang and the east of Ruzhou. If you count the scenic spots in this area, the small Emei Mountain in Jiaxian will soon surface.
This is probably the closest story to the truth.
Sansu powder Qingshan yuting [y], photography? ancient city
Walking into the cemetery of Sansufen, I saw a quaint stone workshop in Ming Dynasty, which was engraved with the words: It is a green hill where bones can be buried, and the rain alone hurts the gods.
This is a desperate poem written by Su Shi to Su Zhe in the prison of Yushitai. The last two sentences are: to be brothers with Jun for life, you must also have an unfinished business in the world.
Ten years after Su Shi was buried, Su Zhe died of illness in Yingchang. Five years later, Su Zhe's wife Shi died, and their descendants buried them next to Su Shi's couple's grave according to their last wish of "returning to the left". In the following hundred years, more than twenty descendants of the Su family were buried here one after another.
At 1350, jia county Yin built a cenotaph for Suu Kyi between the tombs, and then the shrine was built in front of the tomb. Since then, it has been called "Su San Tomb".
Susan Temple, photography? ancient city
There are more than 500 ancient cypresses in Ming and Qing dynasties planted around Sansufen. It is quite amazing that the trunks of these cypresses are mostly inclined to one side, which refers to Meishan, Sichuan.
106865438+In February, Su Zhe left Sichuan in addition to attending his father's funeral, which was the third time they bid farewell to their hometown. In the second year, Song Shenzong carried out strict political reform, and both brothers were trapped by the wave of party struggle. After more than 30 years of ups and downs, they have traveled all over the world, but they have no chance to return to their homeland.
Seeing this scene, it is hard not to make people wonder: Is it the homesickness of the Su brothers that infected the water and soil here, causing the cypress trees in the cemetery to fall to the southwest?
Cypress in the cemetery, photography? ancient city
Su Zhe once wrote a poem to Su Shi, recalling that when he first entered the official career, he "bid farewell to Jacky for fear of snow and mud". Later, Su Shi wrote a poem to Su Zhe, saying, "Where is there no fragrant grass in life?" It should be like Hong Fei stepping on snow mud. "
Now, the two brothers don't have to worry about the rugged roads or run around. Although they are so far away from their hometown, there is also an Emei Mountain quietly accompanying them, as if to soothe their wandering life and repay the peace and gentleness of their hometown with endless gaze.
Why are Su Shi and Su Zhe buried in jia county?
If there is only one truth, then I think the truth comes from family ties where blood is thicker than water.