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Overview
Located in Longyan City, Fujian Province, on the southeast coast of China, it is a unique and magical mountain residential building in the world and an ancient building in my country. A wonderful flower. It has a long history, unique style, large scale and exquisite structure. Earth buildings are divided into two types: square and round. There are 360 ??famous round buildings and more than 4,000 famous square buildings in Longyan area.
Unique architecture
The Yongding Earth Building was a solid fort for self-defense for the Hakka people from ancient times to before liberation. The Earth Building was built with earth and stone instead of reinforced concrete, but it is as solid as stone. The gates of earth buildings are made of miscellaneous wood ten centimeters thick, with iron plates nailed on the outside. Some doors are also equipped with fire-proof water tanks. There are no windows on the first and second floors of the circular earth building. There are double-layered outer windows, which are not only used for ventilation and light, but also for sniping invading enemies. There is a lookout tower on the highest floor of the earth building to understand the enemy's situation. In addition to precautions, earth buildings. It also has the functions of fire protection, earthquake resistance, animal protection, ventilation and lighting. It is warm in winter and cool in summer, making it a unique building.
Representative of Yongding Earth Buildings
The most magnificent round building: Zhencheng Building Zhencheng Building
It is the finest Hakka earth building. The earth building before the early Qing Dynasty, Known as the "Prince of Earth Buildings", it is located in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Township, Yongding County. The building was built in 1912 and was built according to the structure of the Bagua Diagram. There are firewalls between hexagrams and there are gardens, schools, etc. inside. There is also a central hall in the inner ring, with carved beams and painted pillars, beautiful decoration, simple and elegant, combining Chinese and Western styles. It covers an area of ??about 5,000 square meters, took 5 years to build, and cost 80,000 Guangyang. Divided into two circles, inner and outer. There are 4 floors in the outer circle, with 48 rooms on each floor, 6 rooms in each hexagram, and one staircase as one unit. There is a firewall between hexagrams and they are connected by arches. The ancestral hall is a stage. In front of the stage, there are 4 large stone pillars with a circumference of nearly 2 meters and a height of nearly 7 meters. There are 30 rooms on the upper and lower floors on both sides of the stage forming an inner circle. The corridor on the second floor has exquisite iron cast railings. . In April 1986, at the World Architectural Model Exhibition held in Los Angeles, the United States, Zhencheng Tower, along with the Lama Temple and the Great Wall, were listed as the three major buildings in China. The model was displayed at the architecture exhibition as a representative of the round ancient buildings in the north and south of China. Zhencheng Building has guest rooms, restaurants, bathrooms and sanitary facilities. Cars can reach this building directly. It is built according to the layout of the "Bagua Diagram" in the Book of Changes. There are firewalls and arches between the hexagrams. The closed doors form a courtyard, and the open doors connect the courtyards. There is a two-story circular balcony inside the building, as well as eye-catching stone and wood carvings, glazed tiles and iron lattice railings. In the middle of the inner ring is the central hall, with a corridor in front of it supported by four large stone pillars nearly 7 meters long. The passages between courtyards in the building are often separated by screens. The building has an inner ring of 2 floors, decorated with bricks and wood to imitate Western style, forming a unique style of "foreign soil and inner foreign, a combination of Chinese and Western elements". There are many couplets of famous people in the building, which fully demonstrate the cultural connotation of Tulou. There are schools and other ancillary buildings on the left and right sides of the main building, making the overall shape resemble a "black gauze hat". The structure inside the building tends to be exquisite, with carved dragons and phoenixes and gorgeous decorations.
The round building with the largest number of circles and the largest number of residents: Chengqi Building
Chengqi Building is known as the "King of Earth Buildings". Located in Gaotou Township, Yongding County, it was built in the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1709). The diameter of the whole building is 73 meters, the perimeter of the corridor is 229.3 meters, and the whole building has three circles and one center. The outer ring has 4 floors and is 11.4 meters high, with 72 rooms on each floor; the second ring has two floors and 40 rooms on each floor; the third ring is a single floor with 32 rooms. The center is the ancestral hall, with a total of 400 rooms in the building. The entire construction area is 5376.17 square meters. It is four stories high, with four circles of buildings, and 400 rooms above and below; a circle within a circle, a circle within a circle, and has gone through three hundred years of vicissitudes." At its peak, more than 800 people lived there, like a lively small city. Mr. Wu Boxiong, a Taiwanese politician, once personally The title is "Fujian Tulou King". In 1986, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of my country issued a series of stamps on Chinese residential buildings, among which the Fujian residential stamps were designed with the Chengqi Building as the pattern. The stamps were rated as the best stamps of the year in Japan.
The most labor-intensive earth building: Yonglongchang Yonglongchang
The "Yonglongchang" in Fushi Town, Yongding County is famous for its tallness. Due to the terrain restrictions, part of the building is based on the beach and is a filling project. It is so big that it took 28 years from the start of dam filling to the completion of renovation.
The main building is five and a half stories high and covers an area of ??more than 10,000 square meters. It is a combination building of square tower and five phoenix tower. There are two main buildings, Fusheng Building and Fushan Building, with a total of 92 halls, 746 rooms, 144 stairs, and 7 wells.
The tallest earth building: Yi Jing Building
Located in Shangyang Village, Gaopi Township, Yongding County, it was built in the first year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1851). Square earth building. The exterior wall is 136 meters wide from east to west and 76 meters long from north to south, covering an area of ??10,336 square meters. The main building at the back is 17 meters high and has 5 floors. It has 267 rooms and 51 large and small halls. The left and right ends of the main building are vertically connected to a four-story building, and it is closely connected to the four-story front building parallel to the main building. They are closely connected to each other and form a huge square building, forming a big "mouth" in this way. There is another group of small "kou"-shaped buildings inside, forming a unique "hui"-shaped overall shape. It is really "a door within a door, a building within a building, one after another", and the locals call it "the big building". In the middle is the ancestral hall. There are two schools on the left and right of the front building. Children in the building can study in the building. There is a stone flat in the middle of the school, and there is a gate tower in front. The gate is 6 meters high and 4 meters wide. Behind the main building there is a garden, a fish pond, and ancillary buildings such as a barn and a cowshed. Yi Jing Building*** has 280 rooms.
Palace-style earth building: Kuiju Building
The only palace-style earth building in the country, "Kuiju Building" is located in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Town. It is a large square earth building with a palace-style structure. It looks like the "Potala Palace". Viewed from a height, the building is integrated with the ridge behind it, like a tiger descending from the mountain. Kuiju Building is the "tiger head". There are two windows on the wall in front of the building, which look like tiger eyes. The building was designed based on the geographical characteristics of the tiger shape. of. The designer is Wu Yifu, a Hanlin scholar. He and the owner Lin Kuiyang are sworn brothers.
Kuiju Building was built in 1834 and took nearly five years to complete. It has a history of more than 160 years. It covers an area of ??more than 6,000 square meters and is about 15 meters high. It currently houses 24 households and 107 people. Over the past 100 years, there have been 4 people in the building who have passed the Jinshi and seven-level official examinations, more than 20 college students, and more than 40 overseas Chinese. As the couplet on the gate says: "Kui Xinglangzhao has a prosperous civilization and gathers clans." The atmosphere is new." The architectural characteristics of Kuiju Building are that the central hall is high and the two wings are low. After more than 160 years of wind and rain, it has remained as firm as a mountain. The middle door is usually closed. When distinguished guests arrive, the middle door is opened to greet guests. The eaves and beams inside the building are very exquisitely carved, but were damaged during the Cultural Revolution.
Fuyu Building: Fuyu Building
Located in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Town, it is an outstanding representative of the Yongding Fuyu style earth building and is magnificent. Construction began in 1880 AD, costing more than 100,000 Guangyang, and took three years to complete, covering an area of ??more than 7,000 square meters. The building was designed by Zhang Xingbing, the prefect of Tingzhou, who was a friend of the three brothers (Lin Zhongshan, Lin Renshan, and Lin Deshan). Its structural characteristics: on the central axis of the main building, the front is low and the back is high, and there are two horizontal buildings, with orderly height and clear priorities. There are three gates in front of the building, and a small door separates the main building and the horizontal building. The exterior is integrated and the interior is divided into three large units. The floor gate and the surrounding walls are paved with local river pebbles. The workmanship is very fine and it is integrated with the natural environment and very harmonious. The shape is like three mountains, implying the meaning of "three mountains" of the three brothers. The name of the building was also inscribed by Zhang Xingbing.
The current Fuxin Building - the oldest earth building and the earliest surviving earth building: Fuxin Building
Fuxin Building is located in Xiazhai Village, Hulei Town. Built in AD 769, it has a history of more than 1,200 years and is the oldest among the Hakka earth buildings in Yongding. It covers an area of ??1275.76 square meters and is four stories high. The entire wall is made of rammed earth. The Fuxin Building has no stone foundation. This is an inheritance of the construction techniques and architectural forms of the Central Plains ancestors, which fully illustrates the origin relationship between Yongding Earth Buildings and traditional dwellings in the Yellow River Basin. There is a four-meter-wide trench protecting the building around the building. There is a suspension bridge in front of the door. The bottom wall is made of raw soil mixed with lime and brown sugar, making it extremely strong. It can be called a living fossil of the ancient architectural culture of the Central Plains.
Spokesperson for Yongding Earth Buildings
He Wenna: Yongding County presented a model of Hakka Earth Buildings to He Wenna
In July 2008, Yongding Earth Buildings were successfully included in the World Heritage List. As the government further intensifies the promotion of Yongding Tulou and Hakka culture, we are delighted to hear that Hakka girl He Wenna won the trampoline championship at the Beijing Olympics. The county government intends to invite her to serve as the public welfare spokesperson for Yongding Hakka Tulou. This idea has been received by leaders of relevant departments and He Wanna and her parents’ strong support.
He Wenna said that as a Hakka, she is willing to do her best to promote the world cultural heritage, volunteer to serve as a promotional model for Hakka Tulou and serve as the image spokesperson of Yongding Hakka Tulou. He Wanna said: "I am very happy and proud to be the spokesperson of Yongding Tulou."
Driving route:
Start from Fuzhou---->Xiamen Fuzhou-Xiamen Expressway, 236KM (this is the Quanzhou direction you are talking about)
Then take the Xiamen----->Zhangzhou----->Hexi Expressway Exit, 80KM
After getting off the expressway, take National Highway 319 to Zhongzhong, 28KM
Then go to Longtan (there will be signs along the way), Zhongzhong-->Longtan is about 14KM
Finally, take 28KM Provincial Highway---->Qiling
After arriving, it depends on which earth building in Yongding you want to go. Qiling Township is very close to all the famous earth buildings in Yongding. When you get there You can see many signs telling you which direction to go