In the Ming Dynasty, the tomb of King Lu has been excavated and cleared, and more than * * pieces of cultural relics 1 100 have been unearthed, among which precious cultural relics include woven gold satin robe, nine crowns, nine-stitched leather shoes (a hat worn by ancient men), "Lu Zhibao" gilded wooden seal, and jade belt inlaid with gold.
I chose a treasure house of geomantic omen and spared no expense in manpower and financial resources to build this grand mausoleum for it. The barren tomb is backed by Jiulong Mountain (the first peak of Jiulong Mountain, the so-called "dragon head", also known as "Xuanwu"), with Wohu Mountain in the east, Yuquan Mountain (also known as "Qinglong" and "White Tiger") in the west and Zhuque Mountain in the south, which are far apart. "Book of Rites Qu Lishang": "Zhu Bird before departure and then Xuanwu". There is White Horse Spring, the source of Baima River. The cemetery is commanding, facing the water in the morning, surrounded by mountains and waters, with lush trees and picturesque scenery. It is not only a scenic spot on earth, but also a typical Ming Dynasty Prince Cemetery. The original mausoleum covers an area of 70,000 square meters, with a grand scale and solemn momentum. It is divided into two parts: the cemetery and the underground palace. Cemetery: The mausoleum separates the inner city from the outer city and has an inner and outer moat. The first entrance to Shinto is Wumaomen, in front of which is a single arch stone bridge named "Imperial Bridge". The stone bridge baffle is decorated with carved patterns such as Aquarius Ganoderma lucidum. On the east and west sides of the bridge are the white horse Er Quan and the spring water Ming Che, which never dry up all year round and are called "Longquan". Crossing the imperial bridge is the inner city gate. The inner city is divided into two courtyards, and the red wall around it is 3.70 meters high and 0.70 meters wide, which is an ice tray eaves masonry structure. The cemetery is divided into two courtyards with strict layout and elegant and rich architecture. There are three south gates, the middle gate is high, and the side gate is slightly short, side by side, which is a door-hole type bucket arch building. Carved beams and painted buildings, colorful, with double eaves and arches, fluttered in the sky, and the forehead of Zhonghua Gate Square was gilded with three Chinese characters, "Tomb of the Abandoned King". The second gate and the south gate are located on the same axis, and it is a four-column and three-story cornice building. Behind it is the Temple of Appreciation, with seven rows of temples lying on the mountain and climbing over the walls. This is a temple dedicated to Zhu Tan, King of Lu. It is said that there are turrets at the four corners of the inner city wall.
Underground Palace: The back door of the cemetery is the Ming building of Fangcheng, which is an important symbol of the underground palace. Fangcheng is 7.2 meters high and surrounded by a 2.70-meter-wide cloister for tourists to enjoy the scenery of the mausoleum. There is Amin Building on the Fangcheng, which is a rest-hill-style cornice and arch-fighting building with magnificent momentum. Behind Fangcheng is the underground palace. The underground palace is 26 meters away from the surface and consists of three parts: the tomb entrance, the front room and the back room. Carved and expanded by the mountain, the room is made of blue bricks, and the top is sealed with soil. There are two stone gates in the underground palace with a total length of more than 50 meters, and three retaining walls made of lime and glutinous rice juice. In front of the tomb is an earth-sealed wall with a height of 8.86 meters, followed by a red diamond wall with a height of 8.20 meters and a width of 5.35 meters. The wall body is decorated with green glazed tiles and kissing animals. The first door is located in the tunnel with the entrance of1.50m, which is the hub of Shuang Ye. The doors are made of huge stones, with a height of 2.40m, a width of 1.30m and a thickness of 0.18-0.20 m. Each door weighs about 2 tons, and its hinges are inlaid with alloy copper sleeves weighing about 15kg. There are nine rows of vertical and horizontal doornails and an iron-plated head ring carved in front of the door. The stone gate is painted with red paint and nailed with gold. Today, 600 years later, the color is still very bright. This first door is the front hall, which is of arch brick structure and polished square brick floor. It is 8.25 meters long from north to south, 5.25 meters wide from east to west and 4 meters high. It is an east-west voucher roof. The tomb building is large in scale, tall and spacious, firm and tight, waterproof, and unique in architectural art. A large porcelain jar with a diameter of 1.70 meters is placed in the center of the front, which is called the ever-burning lamp and the eternal lamp. There is a scarlet imperial case in the middle of the back, with three treasure boxes on it. "Lu Bao Bao Cang" gold seal, with wood seal inside. There is also a huge group of painted wooden figurines buried indoors, with 432 pieces, namely ceremonial figurines and musical figurines. These wooden figures are exquisitely carved, with concise knives and different styles. They hold all kinds of etiquette and musical instruments, including civil servants standing hand in hand and tall guards. What is particularly striking is a tall horse, which stands upright with its head held high. It is the strongest, fattest and most gorgeous of the 24 horses unearthed. The second stone gate is basically the same as the front door, and there is a tunnel between the two rooms. The back room is a coffin room, which is 8.20 meters long from east to west, 5.45 meters wide from north to south and 5.50 meters high. There is a Sumitomo coffin bed in the middle, 3.85 meters from north to south, 3. 10 meters from east to west and 0.50 meters high. The lacquer nanmu coffin was placed on the coffin bed. In the coffin, Zhu Tan wore a dragon robe, a jade belt around her waist and a gold hairpin, with 19 coins under her. There are two wooden tables and two gold-painted wooden cases on each side of the coffin bed. The box contains crowns, robes, boots, clothes, hats, hosta, jade belts and toiletries. There are Four Treasures of the Study, chess and calligraphy on the table. Funeral plaques are hung side by side on the east and west walls. Other funerary objects include small funerary objects and porcelain made of wood, bamboo, copper and tin.
Precious cultural relics unearthed: More than 1 100 pieces of various cultural relics unearthed from Zhutan Tomb are basically well preserved. The excavation of these rich and precious cultural relics provides extremely valuable information for the study of social politics, economy, culture, official system, clothing, textiles, calligraphy and painting in the early Ming Dynasty. The cultural relics of Zhu Tan's tomb were exhibited in Beijing and Japan, which aroused great interest.
A large number of funerary objects unearthed can be roughly divided into crown clothes, rituals, furniture, Four Treasures of the Study, piano, utensils, calligraphy and painting, among which the most prominent one is "crown". This crown is18cm high, 49.4cm long and 30cm wide. Made of rattan, the crown is inlaid with gold rings, Phnom Penh and plum blossoms on both sides, and is pierced with gold hairpin. The nine colors of jade beads are red, white, blue, yellow and black. It embodies the noble status of Lu Wang Zhu Tan. Unearthed robes and clothes include gold woven narrow-sleeved robes, medium-yarn robes, and horizontal-neck dark-flower moire robes. Brocade patterns are very beautiful, and most of them are made of gold thread. The dragon robe was worn by Zhu Tan on the day of the ceremony. Length 1.30m, sleeve length about 1. 10m. It has narrow sleeves, a cross collar and a beige color. The shoulder and chest are embroidered with dragon cloud patterns, the sleeves and knee columns are decorated with dragon cloud flowers and flowers, and the chest is decorated with three groups of nine lines. The rich patterns and colors are helpful to understand and study the silk fabrics of the Ming Dynasty. Jade articles account for a large proportion of unearthed cultural relics, including a jade belt with warm texture and exquisite carving. It consists of 25 pieces of suet jade, inlaid with gold nuggets and carved with a wisp of empty ganoderma lucidum pattern. The first three sections are inlaid with a sapphire, two smaller sapphires, twelve rubies, eight pearls, six turquoise, two rectangular fluorites (green and pink respectively), an emerald and a rare cat's eye gem, with a total of 33 gems of various colors. Its exquisite craftsmanship is really rare. In addition, there is a white glazed pot with cloud dragon pattern, with a diameter of 24.4 cm, a bottom diameter of 2 1.2 cm and a height of 37.5 cm. Round lips, straight mouth, round belly and flat ass. The carcass is heavy, and the whole body is painted with blue and white glaze. The cover is inverted lotus leaf with clear veins and round buttons. The abdomen is carved with a dark double dragon pattern, and the head is held high in the clouds, and the dragon pattern is decorated with grass patterns at intervals. When unearthed, there were pears, dates, meat, rice, eggs and vegetable leaves in the jar. And two jade guis made of jasper and suet jade, as well as jade inkstone, Yu Pei and jade pen container. Judging from the craft level of these jades, it fully embodies the superb skills and intelligence of the ancient working people in China. Piano of Tianfeng Haitao. Made of paulownia wood, the piano body is painted black and cracked like a snake, and the back is engraved with the seal script "Tianfeng Haitao". There are two grooves in the belly of the piano: Longtan and Fenghuang Lake. In Longchi, there are two lines of inscriptions: "Sheng Song Longxing Shen Jia Koukou, Tang Wei Lei Qi Qin". Wei Lei was a master of Qin-making in the Tang Dynasty. He was famous for making snake-shaped Qin. Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "The guqin snake is priceless, and the fish-gut sword has a spirit." It can be seen that the snake harp made in Wei Lei is indeed a treasure handed down from generation to generation in the Ming Dynasty. Song sunflower butterfly fan. It is 24.3 cm high and 25.5 cm wide. The silk and gold powder are colored, with the seal of "Imperial Lady's Book" on the top and "Yin Si" on the bottom left. On the back, there is the gold inscription "Sunflower Fan" by Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou: "The white dew is only in August and the purple leaves are bleak." No one cares about the cold yellow flowers, but loves the sunset alone. Paper books. It is 42 cm high and 90.3 cm long. Its money comes from a seven-character poem: "Yaochi Bai Yuhua swaying, Qingdao Lake quiet; You don't drink and carry a stick, but you remember the fragrance with the moonlight. " Qian Xuan was born in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. He is good at painting landscapes, flowers and birds, and is one of the eight handsome painters in the early Yuan Dynasty. The excavation of these ancient paintings in the Song and Yuan Dynasties provided valuable information for the study of ancient paintings and calligraphy in China. The funerary objects also include various books ***7 kinds of 2 1 volume. There are Chua's Biography, Hu Chunqiu's Biography, Notes on Four Books, Notes on Family Studies, Collected Works of Mr. Changli sent by Zhu Wengong, and History of Poems Annotated by Huang Family. These Song and Yuan editions have been handed down from generation to generation, and some of them are rare books in China, which are really treasures.
In order to show his status and honor, the emperor of China advocated "filial burial" and spared no effort to build huge tombs. The construction of Zhutan cemetery was actually a huge systematic project at that time. Just digging stones to expand the body and filling the soil to seal the soil, the amount of earth and stone used is about 200 thousand cubic meters. This ancient architectural complex with a history of more than 600 years fully demonstrates the wisdom and strength of ancient working people.
From the spring of 1970 to the spring of 197 1 2000, archaeologists from Shandong province, Jining area and Zouxian county, with the cooperation of relevant departments, excavated the underground palace of Wang Huangling, and unearthed more than 300 pieces of cultural relics 1300, which is not only the largest underground palace discovered in Shandong province so far, but also south of Jingjiang River.
Since 1986, Zoucheng Municipal People's Government has invested heavily in the restoration and construction of the abandoned tomb, which lasted for two years. Today, the abandoned tomb has regained its former glory. At present, the cultural relics management office of Zhutan Tomb has been established, and nearly 300 cultural relics have been copied and arranged according to the original appearance of the tomb, attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists to visit here every year, and it has been announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shandong Province. Attachment: Wang hereditary table Wang Tan, Taizu Shu ten sons, Hongwu three-year seal. In eighteen years, he became a vassal of Yanzhou Prefecture. In the twenty-second year, King Zhao Hui was childless and was sealed in the first year of Yongle. Chenghua two years. Hui Wang Taikang, the eldest son of Jing Di, was attacked by Chenghua for three years. Nine years. Yang Zhu, King Zhuang, is the eldest son of Hui Di. Chenghua was attacked in the twelfth year and Jiajing died in the second year. Dangkun, the eldest son of Emperor Zhuang, became a prince in the 19th year of Chenghua and died in the 18th year of Hongzhi. Sun Guanhuo will attack the seal and chase the king. Overflow pregnant. Kenmuge, the first son of Huaidi, was granted a grandson in the sixteenth year of Hongzhi. In fifteen years, Zheng De decided to attack seals by watching fire. Chasing the king, overflowing with sorrow. Wang Guanhuo mourned his eldest son, and Jiajing was sealed in the seventh year. Twenty-eight years. Gong Wang Qin Yi had a son who was named Jiajing for thirty years. Twenty-two years of Wanli. To Wang Shouzeng, the sixth son of Gongshu and the first king of Fuping. Twenty-eight years. No children. Wang Xianshou Cheng Hong, the seven sons of Gong Shu, was first named King Changde. Twenty-nine seals of Wanli. Nine years of Chongzhen. No children. Nine sons, Wang Sushou Yong and Gong Shu, were first named King Taixing. Chongzhen was sealed in nine years. Twelve years. From Zhu Tan, * * * spread to the thirteen kings of ten dynasties, which lasted for 283 years and ran through the whole Ming Dynasty.