Pang Tong, whose real name is Shiyuan and whose real name is Feng Chu, is called Mr. Feng Chu, and later generations extended it to the idiom-Long Fu Xiao Feng.
Pang Tong (179-214), a native of Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei), was a famous counselor and general under Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period.
Feng Chu: Pang Shiyuan, Pang Tong. Pang Tong was a famous strategist and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty. The latter refers to people with higher knowledge and ability who are hidden but not present.
Origin of Idiom: Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang Pei Songzhi quoted Xiangyang Ji: "Liu Bei traveled around the world in Sima Cao De. Cao De said, "Do Confucian scholars and the people know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu. Asked who he was, he said, "Zhu Gekongming and Pang Shiyuan."
Pang Tong Road. Feng Chu, an adviser with the same fame as Zhuge Liang, avoided the Jiangdong Rebellion in Battle of Red Cliffs and was recommended to Zhou Yu by Lu Su. Zhou Yu and Cao Ying jointly presented "a series of strange tricks", which led to the success of Zhou Yu's fire attack. After Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang took advantage of his funeral to win over Pang Tong, and Lu Su also recommended Pang Tong to Sun Quan, but Pang Tong was not valued because of his ugly appearance and arrogant attitude. So Pang Tong went to Jingzhou to take refuge in Liu Bei. At first it was a county magistrate, ignoring political affairs. Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to punish him and discovered Pang Tong's talent. So he worshipped Pang Tong as the deputy military commander, praised the strategy with Zhuge Liang, and tutored the sergeant. Later, Pang Tong followed Liu Bei to take Shu, aiming at slaying Yang Huai and Fu Shui Guan. However, when attacking Luocheng, he suspected that Zhuge Liang wanted to take credit, refused to listen to his letter, and rushed to Luofengpo, where he was ambushed by Zhang Ren and shot to death by random arrows.
Pang Tong's Historical Evaluation
Chen Shou commented: Pang Tongya is good at stream of people, learning and thinking, and was called in Jingchu. Yun, yes. Uncle?
Pang Tong is a famous person in Jingzhou area. Battle of Red Cliffs joined Liu Bei Group. At first, he was just a county magistrate. He was recommended by Zhuge Liang and Lu Su and valued by Liu Bei. Liu Bei appointed him to govern China, and he was a corps commander with Zhuge Liang, and his cronies were second only to Zhuge Liang. Pang Tongli urged Liu Bei to take Shu and followed Liu Bei into Shu, trying to capture Shu generals Yang Huai and Gao Pei alive and March into Chengdu. But in the siege of Los Angeles, Liu Bei died in the middle stream, and Liu Bei shed tears for it. When Pang Tong was young, he was simple and dull, and no one appreciated him. Only his uncle Pang Degong thinks highly of him and thinks he is unusual. At that time, Si Mahui, a native of Yingchuan, was a learned man, and Pang Tong visited him. After the conversation, Si Mahui admired Pang Tong very much and called him a leading talent in Zhou Nan. Since then, Pang Tong's reputation has gradually become prominent. Pang Degong compared him with Zhuge Liang and Si Mahui, saying that Kongming was Wolong, Pang Tong was Feng Chu and Si Mahui was a water mirror. Later, Pang Tong made meritorious service in this county. Pang Tong knows people very well. He likes to judge people's character and cultivate others' reputation. But when he praises others, he often exceeds the actual talent of that person, and there are many compliments. He himself explained that in today's troubled times, there are fewer good people and more bad people, and promoting good examples can improve the world style. [209] Zhou Yu helped Liu Bei to capture Jingzhou, and led the southern county satrap. Pang Tong made meritorious service under Zhou Yu. The following year, Zhou Yu died, and Pang Tong was sent to Wu, which was highly valued by the people of Wu. But then Pang Tong returned to Jingzhou with Liu Bei and became a professional. Soon, Liu Bei let Pang Tong try out as Leiyang county magistrate. Pang Tong was dismissed from office, regardless of the county government, because of his poor performance. Wu wrote Lu Su to Liu Bei and recommended Pang Tong, saying that he was not a talented person. Zhuge Liang also recommended Pang Tong to Liu Bei. So, Liu Bei summoned Pang Tong, and after talking with him, he valued him very much, and appointed him as the leader of Zhizhi, and he was a military commander with Zhuge Liang, second only to Zhuge Liang among his cronies. [2 1 1 year] Liu Zhang invited Liu Bei to Yizhou and * * * refused Zhang Lu. The messenger Fazheng secretly presented a secret plan to Liu Bei, asking Liu Bei to take the opportunity to seek Yizhou. Liu Bei hesitated, and Pang Tong advised Liu Bei not to miss the opportunity. Liu Bei agreed with Pang Tong, so he left Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others guarding Jingzhou, while himself led Pang Tong and others into Yizhou. In the same year, Liu Zhang and Liu Bei met in Fucheng, and Pang Tong took the opportunity to capture Liu Zhang. Liu Bei was suspicious and rejected the proposal. After that, Liu Zhang was still in Chengdu, and Liu Bei was stationed in Jiamengguan. [2 12], Liu Bei has been stationed in Jiamengguan for one year. Pang Tong put forward three secret plans to Liu Bei on strategic issues: the first plan was to attack Chengdu; So he borrowed soldiers to return to Jingzhou and sent Yang Huai and Gao Pei away. The plan is to return to Jingzhou and then slowly plan to take Shu; And come to the conclusion that it can't go on like this, otherwise the luck will run out. Liu Bei used Pang Tong's tricks to lure Yang Huai and Gao Pei into the city. [2 14], around Los Angeles, Pang Tong died in Midstream at the age of 36. Liu Bei was so sorry that he couldn't help crying at the mention of him. Liu Bei posthumously awarded Pang Tong as Shanhaiguan Hou, called Hou Jing, and appointed his father as Yi Lang, who was later promoted to remonstrance officer. Pang Tong's son Pang Hong is a master of Chinese characters. Because of his contempt for writing, Chen Hao was rejected by him, and he was only the magistrate of Fuling. Pang Tong's younger brother, Pang Lin, participated in the Yiling War as a member of Jingzhou Zhi Zhi. After the defeat, he joined Wei with Huang Quan, and was made a prince, and the official was the governor of Dalu. Pang Tong's "Feng Chu", a counselor with the same fame as Zhuge Liang, avoided the Jiangdong Rebellion in Battle of Red Cliffs and was recommended to Zhou Yu by Lu Su. Zhou Yu joined Cao Ying in offering a "series of tricks", which led to the success of Zhou Yu's fire attack. After Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang took advantage of his funeral to win over Pang Tong, and Lu Su also recommended Pang Tong to Sun Quan, but Pang Tong was not valued because of his ugly appearance and arrogant attitude. So Pang Tong went to Jingzhou to take refuge in Liu Bei. At first it was a county magistrate, ignoring political affairs. Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to punish him and discovered Pang Tong's talent. So he worshipped Pang Tong as the deputy military commander, praised the strategy with Zhuge Liang, and tutored the sergeant. Later, Pang Tong followed Liu Bei to take Shu, aiming at slaying Yang Huai and Fu Shui Guan. However, when attacking Luocheng, he suspected that Zhuge Liang wanted to take credit, refused to listen to his letter, and rushed to Luofengpo, where he was ambushed by Zhang Ren and shot to death by random arrows. Chen Shou commented: Pang Tongya is good at stream of people, learning and thinking, and was called in Jingchu. Yun, yes. Uncle? Excerpt from: Three Kingdoms of China
Pang Tong (179-214), a native of Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei), was a famous counselor and general under Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period.
In his early years in Jingzhou, he was as famous as Zhuge Liang in the name of "Feng Chu". He once talked with Lu Ji, Gu Shao and other figures in Dongwu, and said to himself, "As for the emperor's secret strategy, it seems that I have a day's worth." (Biography of Pang Tong). Liu Bei led Jingzhou Pastoral and Pang Tong to surrender, but they were not reused. However, he was engaged in keeping the Leiyang order, died in the county, and was exempted from official duties. Later, under the strong recommendation of Zhuge Liang and Lu Su, Liu Bei summoned Pang Tong again to discuss military affairs with him. He was highly valued, so he worshipped Pang Tong and soon became a military commander with Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang and Lu Su's broad mind of recommending talents is admirable, but Pang Tong's extraordinary talent is probably the fundamental reason why he finally stood out.
More importantly, Pang Tong is an indispensable talent to realize the Longzhong strategy, and his joining provides an opportunity for Liu Bei Group to make a further leap. According to the plan of "Long Zhong Dui", the first step is to gain Jingzhou, gain a firm foothold, then take Bashu from the west, cross Jingxiang, then divide the troops into two ways to destroy Cao Cao and finally unify the world. Liu Bei and Wu Dong teamed up to defeat Cao Cao in Battle of Red Cliffs, and took the opportunity to gain four counties in Jingnan and enter Nanjun, which can be said to have achieved the initial goal of "Long Zhong Dui". The change of Pang Tong's position also reveals an important message: because the military commander is not an ordinary military adviser, the latter stops military planning, while the former not only makes suggestions for decision-making, but also controls military power. Liu Bei has set up two military commanders, which means that the troops will be divided into two parts to carry out two major tasks.
Soon after, after careful planning, coupled with the coordination of Zhang Song, Fazheng, Mengda and others in Yizhou, the time was ripe to March into Sichuan, so Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong performed their respective duties. The former is responsible for staying in Jingzhou and consolidating the rear, while the latter is responsible for assisting Liu Bei and occupying Yizhou. It is also of great significance to make such a division of labor between the two. At that time, capturing Yizhou and consolidating Jingzhou were equally important events. Without the invasion of Yizhou, the great cause of unifying the whole country and revitalizing the Han Dynasty could not be realized. If Jingzhou is not consolidated, the invasion of Yizhou will lack reliable rear support. To accomplish these two major events at the same time, Zhuge Liang's first-class talents are needed to assist Liu Bei. Looking at Liu Bei's early advisers' group, we can see that "Elk Zhu, Jian Yong and Yi Ji are graceful and courteous, and they are courteous to the world" (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Volume 8, commented by Chen Shou), but strategizing and winning thousands of miles is not their strong point. There is no doubt that Zhuge Liang is the most suitable candidate for both the occupation of Yizhou and the consolidation of Jingzhou, but he has no time to take care of one side; And Pang Tong is not only knowledgeable, good at knowing people, but also has the ability to "discuss the emperor's secret policy and lean on it", which is just suitable for assisting Liu Bei to occupy Yizhou. In the process of entering Sichuan, Pang Tong not only helped Liu Bei make several correct decisions of great significance, but also freed Liu Bei from the bondage of loyalty and forgiveness with his unique intelligence, which laid a solid foundation for pacifying Xichuan in the future. It's a pity that Pang Tong was shot dead by an arrow when he besieged Luocheng. He is only 36 years old.
Zhou Yu, the general of the State of Wu, helped Liu Bei capture Jingzhou and served as the prefect of Nanjun, while Pang Tong was still a hero. After Zhou Yu's death, Pang Tong was sent to the State of Wu. Everyone in Wu knows his name. Therefore, when he wants to return to Jingzhou, many famous people will come to Nagato to see him off. Lu Ji, Gu Shao and Quan Cong all attended the party. Pang Tong began to comment on characters again. He said: "Lu Zi can be said that Ma Xu has the power to escape, and Gu Zi can be said that Xi Niu can carry a heavy load and go far." Then, he said to Quan Cong, "Your kindness is like Fan Zhaozi in Runan. Although there is not much intelligence, it has been a while. " Lu Ji and Gu Shao said to Pang Tong, "To make the world peaceful, you must learn from your friends all over the world" (The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Pang Tong). So Pang Tong made friends with them and came back.
Pang Tong was asked afterwards: "In your opinion, is Lu's performance better than Gu Shao?" Pang Tong said, "Although Xu is excellent, he only chooses one person. Niu Yi walks 30 miles a day. Where is the weight of only one person? " It is said that Gu Shao went to see Pang Tong and stayed with Pang Tong, and they talked. Gu Shao asked, "You have a good reputation for knowing people. Tell me, who is better than you? " Pang Tong said, "I can't compare with you in terms of worldly cultivation and synthetic characters. However, if it comes to the emperor's secret strategy, I will win over you. " Gu felt that Pang Tong's words made sense, so he befriended him.
Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou and appointed him as a shepherd. In this capacity, Pang Tong tried the Leiyang county magistrate. He was dismissed from office, regardless of the county government, because of his poor performance. Wu wrote Lu Su to Liu Bei and recommended Pang Tong. The letter said: "Pang Shiyuan is not a talented person, so we should give full play to his clues in the treatment" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Pang Tong). Zhuge Liang also told Liu Bei about Pang Tong. So Liu Bei summoned Pang Tong. The two talked about the past and the present, and Liu Bei valued him very much and appointed him to be loyal. After that, Liu Bei relied heavily on Pang Tong, second only to Zhuge Liang. Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang are both military commanders.
Once, Liu Bei chatted with Pang Tong and asked him, "You used to be a hero of Zhou Yu. I heard that when I went to Wu, Zhou Yu sent a secret letter to Sun Quan, asking him to detain me. I wonder if this really happened. Under whose hand, of course, you should be loyal to whom, and you don't have to hide it. " Pang Tong replied: "This is indeed the case." Liu Bei sighed sincerely: "At that time, I was in danger and wanted Sun Quan, so I had to see him. I almost fell into Zhou Yu's hands when I went! " Liu Bei also said: "People with great wisdom think alike. Kong Ming also advised me not to go at that time, insisting again and again, probably for fear that Sun Quan would detain me. I thought at that time that Sun Quan should be on guard against Cao Cao in the north. He should want me to help him, so he insisted on seeing him without doubt. Now that I think about it, this is indeed an adventure, not a panacea. "
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Fa Zheng went to Jingzhou on the orders of Liu Zhang, the pastor of Yizhou, to welcome Liu Bei into Yizhou and refuse Zhang Lu. Fa Zheng privately offered Liu Bei a plan and asked Liu Bei to take the opportunity to make profits. Liu Bei hesitated, unable to make up his mind. Pang Tong advised him, saying, "Jingzhou is deserted and dilapidated, and the characters are tired. Moreover, with Sun Quan in the east and Cao Cao in the north, it is difficult to make great progress. Yizhou has millions of families with fertile land and rich products. If you can really grasp this place and take it as the foundation, you can achieve great things. " Liu Bei is still worried: "What is different from me now is Cao Cao. When Cao Cao is anxious, I will be generous. Cao Cao is bullying, so I am kind. Cao Cao is cunning, so I am loyal. Everything goes against him, and it is possible to win the hearts of the people and achieve something. Now, for the sake of profit, you have broken your promise, can you? " Pang Tong said, "In troubled times, we can't stick to the rules. We should exchange flail for it. What's more, it is what the ancients paid attention to, annexing the weak, attacking the darkness, obeying orders, and repaying kindness with righteousness. As long as the matter is settled and a piece of land is returned to him, who can say that you have broken your promise? If we don't attack Yizhou now, others will take the lead. " Liu Bei thought that Pang Tong was right and decided to leave Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, while himself led Pang Tong and tens of thousands of soldiers into Yizhou.
Liu Zhang, a shepherd from Yizhou, met Liu Bei in Fucheng. Pang Tong offered a plan: "If we meet today, we can leave, and the general will be in a state where there is no war." Liu Bei said, "I'm new to a foreign country and I don't have a thank-you letter. This is necessary (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Pang Tong). Liu Zhang gave a grand reception to Liu Bei and his men, allocated a lot of troops, grain and munitions to Liu Bei, and even handed him the white water of the strategic pass, ordering him to lead the troops to attack Zhang Lu. Liu Zhang confessed and returned to Chengdu. Liu Bei came to Jia Mengguan.
At this time, Liu Bei's strength increased greatly, with more than 30 thousand people in the department. Horses and chariots are in order, armor is clear, food and grass are sufficient, and morale is uplifting. However, he did not attack Zhang Lu immediately, but stopped in Meng Jia, and built a good tree to win the hearts of the people.
In December of the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12), Liu Bei had been stationed in Jiamengguan for one year. Pang Tong put forward three secret strategies to Liu Bei on strategic issues: "Choose the best soldiers in secret, travel day and night, and attack Chengdu all the way.". Zhang is unarmed and unprepared. When the army arrives, it will be decided in one fell swoop. " . Yang Huai, Zhang and other famous generals, each fighting, at a critical juncture, heard that Zhang had a letter to remonstrate and ordered the general to return to Beijing. Before the general arrived, he was sent to hear that Jingzhou was in an emergency and wanted to be saved. He put on his costume and set up his position. The second son not only served the general's reputation, but also liked the general's whereabouts, so he planned to come to see him on Qingqi. So the general persisted and his soldiers improved. He went to Chengdu, which is also a move. Back, even brought Jingzhou, Xu also, is also a plan. If you don't go, you will be sleepy, and you won't last long "(Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Pang Tong).
Liu Bei thought this move was very reasonable and acted according to the plan. Cut Yang and Pei, and lead troops to Chengdu. All the way, like bamboo, was successfully conquered, and soon arrived in Fucheng. In Fucheng, Liu Bei met the soldiers, bought wine and had fun, and was full of ambition. He said to Pang Tong drunkenly, "Today's meeting is a pleasure." Pang Tong said, "It's fun to attack the country, but being heartless is also a soldier." Liu Bei was drunk and said angrily, "The King of Wu attacked Zhou, singing before the song and dancing after it. Is it evil to be unkind? Get up quickly if you can't speak neatly? " So Pang Tong got up and left. Liu Bei immediately regretted it and asked him to come back. Pang Tong returned to his original position and sat down, without looking at Liu Bei or apologizing, eating as cool as a cucumber. Liu Bei said, "whoever follows, who loses?" Pang Tong said: "Both the monarch and the minister are lost" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Pang Tong). Liu Bei laughed, and the atmosphere of joy was restored at the party.
Pei Songzhi commented on the argument between Liu Bei and Pang Tong, saying: "Although the plot to attack Liu Zhang was based on unity, it was successful in antonym. It is because of sophistry and guilty conscience that I am willing to fall. So, I heard that I am very happy, but I don't think I am right. " When preparing a sumptuous banquet, everything shares joys and sorrows. I have no sense of shame since I played against the king. This establishment is correct and unified. His' loss of both the monarch and the minister' covered up the slander. "
Soon, Liu Bei surrounded Los Angeles (now Deyang Guanghan area). Pang Tong led a siege and was shot dead by an arrow. He is 36 years old. Liu Bei deeply regretted it and wept when he talked about Pang Tong. In recognition of his achievements, his father was appointed Ichiro, and later he was promoted to Dr. Suggestion. Liu Bei made Pang Tong Shanhaiguan Hou and posthumous title Jing Hou.
Pang Tong was buried in Luofengpo after his death, and the cemetery only had simple maintenance. It is said that this is the cemetery chosen by Liu Bei for relatives, but it is a treasure trove of geomantic omen and has tombstones.
About 2 kilometers away from Pang Tong's tomb, there is a shrine tomb built by Liu Bei, with a three-in-one layout and a four-in-one layout. Stone and wood structures (stone walls, stone pillars, stone corridors, stone windows) are simple and solemn. Shanmen, Dragon and Phoenix Second Division Hall, Qifeng Hall and Pang Tongling are arranged in turn. There are sculptures of Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang in the temple, as well as a large number of precious cultural relics and historical materials such as plaques, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting. Lu You, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem when he passed by Pang Tong's ancestral grave:
Reuters Mountain passes Pang Shiyuan's tomb.
Shiyuan died a thousand years ago and mourned the ancestral temple.
It is often difficult to get together in the sea, and the heavenly heart is easy to know.
Heroes hate the ages, and fathers miss the old.
Moss is ruthless, and Qiu Lai is full of broken monuments.
Comments: Pang Tong, who is good at reading people, talks about Yingfa. He is really a generation of talents. Unfortunately, he died young and failed to achieve great success.
a two-part allegorical saying
When Pang Tong was the magistrate, he was overqualified.
Pang Tong's ancestral grave is located on Laoshan Road, only about15km away from Deyang. It was the last pass from Qin to Shu in ancient times. It is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit and a bright pearl on the tourist routes of the Three Kingdoms. "Yizhou is thousands of miles south, Qinling is locked with 800 clouds in the north, Tongchuan is undulating in the east, and Shanxi is wrapped in silver." This ancestral grave was built by Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han, after his death in Jian 'an 19th year (AD 2 14) in Pang Tong. Three-in and four-out layout, stone and wood structure (stone wall, stone pillar, stone man, stone pillar gallery, stone window), simple and dignified, solemn. Shanmen, Dragon and Phoenix Second Division Hall, Qifeng Hall and Pang Tongling are arranged in turn. There are sculptures of Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang in the temple, as well as a large number of precious cultural relics and historical materials such as plaques, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting.
The ancient cypresses around the tomb are towering, lush and square, like a huge emerald embedded in the ancient Shu Road. There is a rutted and mossy ancient post road next to the ancestral tomb, a dedicated platform for Zhuge Liang's eldest son Zhuge Zhan and Wei Jun Wargo to fight bloody battles, grotesque ravines and cave springs, which can be called one of the relics of Shu Han. It is a good place to cherish the ancient Three Kingdoms and win modern victories.
Pang Tong's tomb in Pang Tong Temple was only built by later generations to commemorate Pang Tong, and its real tomb should be near the Phoenix Ridge not far away.