This is one of the famous battles in the history of China, in which the few win the many and the weak win the strong. It was the most famous of the "three major battles" in the Three Kingdoms period, and it was also the first large-scale battle in the Yangtze River basin in the history of China.
It marks that the military and political center of China is no longer confined to the Yellow River Basin. Finally, Sun and Liu joined forces to attack with fire, and Cao Cao returned to the north. Sun and Liu each took a part of Jingzhou, which laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.
Controversy about extended data:
Battle of Red Cliffs has been discussing the issue of "Red Cliff" for many years, and various theories have been called "New Red Cliff War" by modern media.
For hundreds of years, historians' discussion on the location of the "Chibi" war has been called "New Chibi War" by the media.
According to general statistics, there are at least seven kinds of "Red Cliff Theory": Puyin Theory, Huangzhou Theory, Zhongxiang Theory, Wuchang Theory, Hanyang Theory, Hanchuan Theory and Jiayu Theory. From the modern and contemporary point of view, the focus of the debate is between Pu Yin's theory and Jiayu's theory, while historical publications and evidence of discovered cultural relics are more inclined to Pu Yin's theory.
Pu Yin said:
Yin Falu's Notes on the Translation of China's Ancient Literature: "The Red Cliff is in the northwest of Puyin County, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River." "Yuanhe County Records" also said: "Chibi Mountain is 120 miles west of Pu Xian County, facing the great river in the north, and its northern shore is Wulin, that is, Zhou Yu used Huang Gaice to burn Cao Gong's boat."
Hu Sansheng's "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" and Tan Qixiang's "Atlas of Chinese History" also adopted this theory. After 1970, a large number of Eastern Han cultural relics were unearthed in Chibi Mountain in Puyin and Wulin on the other side of the Yangtze River, including the bronze stirrup unearthed in 1973 and the tile inkstone engraved with the words "Jian 'an Eight Years" (2003).
1976 shipwreck site in the lower soil layer of Chibi Mountain, various hooks of Han Dynasty on Chibi Mountain, bronze crossbow machine designed by Zhuge Liang in the tomb excavated by 1987, five baht money used in the Eastern Han Dynasty, etc. 199 1 The School of Humanities of Hubei University published "Essays on the Ancient Battlefield Puyin Chibi".
1998, Puyin officially changed its name to chibi city. In the ancient battlefield of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms of chibi city, there are many remains of Battle of Red Cliffs. The excavation of these war relics further confirmed that the location of the Chibi War was in Puyin.
Jiayu said:
Both Ancient Chinese edited by linguist Wang Li and Selected Works of China Literature edited by Zhu Dongrun believe that Chibi lies in the northeast of Jiayu County, Hubei Province.
If we trace back to the source of this theory, there is evidence that the Draft of the Unified History of Qing Dynasty was quoted from Zhu. "Notes on Water Classics" said: "Chibi Mountain is in the south of Bairen Mountain, and it should be in the northeast of Jiayu County, at the junction with Jiangxia, and go to Wulin for 200 miles." This statement was later recognized by Yang Shoujing, a famous geographer in the late Qing Dynasty.
Historical arguments:
"The History of the Three Kingdoms" records: "The power was sent to meet Cao Gong and meet the enemy at Chibi. At that time, Cao's army was terminally ill, and on the first day of the war, the public army retreated, leading to Jiangbei. Soon, smoke billowed, and Zhang Tian, many people were burned to death and drowned. When the army is defeated, Nanjun is still protected. "
The biographies of generals in the Three Kingdoms and the Book of Wu also mentioned the words "Rejecting Cao Gong from Wulin", so it is certain that Cao Cao relies on Wulin in Jiangbei.
"Yuanhe County Atlas" records: "Chibi Mountain is 80 miles west of Pu Xian County, with a stone pass and a river in the north, with Wulin on its north bank and Chibi opposite." Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics records: "The river flows to the south of Bairen Mountain on the left and to the north of Chibi Mountain on the right. Yesterday, Zhou Yu and Huang Gai cheated Wei Wu. "
"Jingzhou Ji" records: "The south bank of Puyin County, a hundred miles along the river, is called Chibi. Zhou Yu and Huang Gai took a big boat here and broke Wei Wubing in Wulin, Wulin and Chibi. "
Biography of the River Table records the situation of Battle of Red Cliffs as follows: "On the day of the war, the southeast wind rushed to cover the boat and took ten boats first. Because ten boats came first, Zhongjiang set sail. By the time I got to the second mile of the North Army, I was on fire at the same time, and the firepower was very fierce. I boarded the ship like an arrow, flew to Egypt, burned the northern ship, and camped on the shore for firewood. "
"Southeast wind is urgent" and "Zhongjiang sails" indicate that the ship rushing to Wulin comes from the southeast of Wulin, which is more consistent with "breaking Wei and Wu Bing". There is also a record in the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Monroe: "I am old, and I broke Cao Gong with Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu in the Wulin."
"Breaking the West" here is explained by Zhou Yuchuan's "inverse". If what is recorded in Biography of Jiang Biao is true, then the location of Battle of Red Cliffs-Chibi, Pu Xian is indeed the most in line with historical records.
Battle of Red Cliffs's "Grass Boat Borrows Arrows" is a borrowed story;
Zhuge Liang never "borrowed an arrow from a straw boat". If Sun Liujun lacks arrows, what can he talk about resisting Cao? "Grass boat borrows arrows" is not groundless, but there are clues to check.
According to Pei Songzhi's Biography of the Three Kingdoms, in the eighteenth year of Jian 'an (2 13), that is, five years after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao pacified Guanzhong and led an army south to attack Sun Wu.
Sun Quan led the troops to battle, and the two armies fought oral sex in ruxu where the Yangtze River entered Chaohu Lake. Cao Cao was depressed and held on to the camp. One day, Sun Quan took a boat from ruxu in a foggy river to observe the deployment.
Cao Cao was suspicious by nature. When he saw the fog on the river, Sun Jun punished him. Afraid of cheating, he didn't dare to go to war, so he ordered someone to put the crossbow away and shoot an arrow at the Wu ship. Sun Quan's ship was soon full of arrows, and the ship gradually tilted and was about to sink.
Sun Quan ordered the boat to turn around and let the other side get an arrow. After the weight was equal and the hull was stable, Sun Quan commanded the warships to slowly leave, and Cao Cao realized that he had been cheated.
This is just a story that happened to Sun Quan. At first, he didn't expect so many arrows to hit the hull, causing the ship to capsize. This is just a clever move. He didn't intend to "borrow an arrow", and the history books didn't say it was a straw boat.
Since the publication of Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, people have regarded it as the standard to measure and evaluate the characters of the Three Kingdoms. Most people only know that The Romance of the Three Kingdoms exists, so the protagonist who shoots arrows with straw becomes Zhuge Liang.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Battle of Red Cliffs
People's Network-Restoring the Real Battle of Red Cliffs in History