1, table
The upper surface of the table is called the game table, which should be a rectangle parallel to the horizontal plane and 2-74 meters long. It's 1, 525 meters wide and 76 centimeters above the ground. The game table does not include the side of the table top. The game table can be made of any material. Should have consistent elasticity, that is, when the standard ball falls to the table from a height of 30 cm from the table. The pop-up height should be about 23 cm. The table should be evenly dark and dull. There should be a white line with a width of 2 cm along the edge of the border line of 2.74 meters and the edge of the end line of 65,438+0.525 meters. The table is divided into two equal table areas by a vertical net parallel to the end line. The whole area of each platform area should be a whole. In doubles, each table area should be divided into two equal "half areas" by a 3 mm wide white center line. The midline is parallel to the sideline and should be regarded as a part of the right half. 2. Network access device
2. 1 The net device includes a net, a net hanging rope, a net post and a fixture component for fixing them on the desktop. 2.2 The net should be hung on a rope, and both ends of the rope should be tied to vertical net posts with heights of 15 and 25 cm respectively, and the distance between the outer edges of the net posts is 15 and 25 cm.
2.3 The top of the net 15, 25cm away from the playing surface.
2.4 The bottom of the whole net should be as close to the table as possible, and both ends of the net should be as close to the net column as possible. Step 3: Ball
3. The ball 1 shall be spherical with a diameter of 40mm (effective from June 10, 2000). 3.2 The ball weighs 2 or 7 grams (effective from June 65438+1 October1).
3, 3 balls made of cellophane or similar plastics, white or orange, dull, 4, rackets.
4. 1 The size, shape and weight of the racket are not limited. But the bottom plate should be flat and hard.
4, 2 the thickness of the bottom plate should be at least 85% of the natural wood. The glue layer for reinforcing the bottom plate can be made of fiber materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or compressed paper, and each glue layer does not exceed 7.5% or 0.35 mm of the total thickness of the bottom plate.
4.3 The racket surface used for hitting the ball should be coated with a layer of ordinary particle glue with outward particles, together with the adhesive, with a thickness of no more than 2mm；; Or sponge glue covered with inward or outward particles, together with adhesive, the thickness is not more than 4 mm
4, 4 Ordinary granular rubber is a layer of natural rubber or synthetic rubber without foam, and its particles must not be less than per square centimeter 10. The average density of no more than 50 particles is distributed over the whole surface of the racket face.
4.5 Sponge rubber A layer of foam rubber is covered with a layer of ordinary granular rubber, and the thickness of ordinary granular rubber is not more than 2mm.
4, 6 The covering should cover the whole racket face, but not beyond its edge. The portion near the handle and the finger grip portion may not be covered, or may be covered with any material.
4.7 Any interlayer in the soleplate and any covering and adhesive layer used for hitting the ball shall be a whole with uniform thickness.
4.8 Both sides of the racket are covered or not. It must be dull, and one side is bright red and the other side is black.
4.9 Due to accidental damage, wear or fading, the integrity and color consistency of the racket face are slightly different. As long as the performance of the racket face has not changed significantly, it can be used.
4. 10 When a player needs to change his racket at the beginning and during the game, he must show his opponent and the referee the racket he will use and allow them to check it. 5. Definition
5. 1 turn: a period of time when the ball is in the game state.
5, 2 "The ball is in the game state" starts from the last moment when the ball is deliberately thrown up and stood on the palm of your hand without clapping, until the ball touches the table, and this round scores or serves again. 5, 3 serve "no sub-round". 5, 4 "Score Round" 5, 5 Clap your hands: the hand holding the racket. 5, 6 Don't clap your hands: the hand that doesn't hold the racket.
5, 7 hit the ball: touch the ball with a racket held in your hand or under your wrist.
5.8 Blocking: After the opponent hits the ball, the ball moves in the direction of the table, but does not touch the table area of his own side; Before passing through it, it touches our athletes or anything they wear. 5, 9 server: the player who hits the ball first in a round.
5. 10 Send and receive players; The player who hits the ball second in a round. 5. Referee: A person appointed to manage a game.
5. 12 deputy referee: a person appointed to assist the referee in some aspects.
5. 13 items to be worn or worn: refers to any items worn or worn by athletes at the beginning of a round, but does not include match balls. 5. 14 net passing or winding device: Except passing between the net and the table, and between the net and the net rack, the ball is regarded as having a "net passing or winding device". 5. The "end line" of15 table includes the end line of the table and the infinite extension line of the end line. 6. Legal services
6, 1 serve, the ball should be placed on the palm of your hand that does not clap your hands, and the palm should be open and flat. The ball should be static, behind the end line of the server and above the level of the table.
6. 2 Players need to throw the ball up almost vertically with their hands, and must not make the ball rotate, and make the ball rise not less than 16 cm after leaving the palm that does not clap, and the ball must not touch the object before falling.
6, 3 When the ball falls from the highest point of throwing, the server can hit the ball, so that the ball touches his own table first, then crosses or bypasses the net, and then touches the table of the receiver. In doubles, the ball should touch the right half of the server and receiver.
6, 4 From the last moment before pitching to hitting the ball, the ball and racket should be above the level of the table.
6.5 When hitting the ball, the ball should be behind the end line of the server, but it should not exceed the farthest part of the server's body from the end line (except the arm, head or leg).
6. When an athlete serves, the referee or deputy referee should see whether he serves according to the legal service rules.
1. If the referee doubts the correctness of a serve by the server, and neither he nor the assistant referee can determine that the serve is illegal, when this phenomenon first appears in a game, the referee can warn the server not to score points.
Second, in the same game, if the server or his doubles partner's serve action is questioned again, whether for the same reason or not, the receiver will get one point.
No matter for the first time or at any time, as long as the server obviously fails to serve according to the legal provisions, he will be deducted one point without warning.
6, 7, athletes due to physical injury and can not strictly abide by a certain regulation of legal serve, can be decided by the referee.
The decision of exemption from execution must be explained to the referee before the game. Step 7 fight back legally
After the opponent serves or returns the ball, the player must hit the ball so that the ball directly crosses or bypasses the net device, or touches the net device, or touches the net device, and then touches the opponent's table. 8 competition order
8. Singles 1, legal serve, the server and the receiver fight back legally, and then fight back legally alternately. 8.2 In doubles, the server serves first, then the receiver and the receiver legally counter-attack, then the server partner legally counter-attack, and then the receiver and the receiver partner legally counter-attack. After that, players take turns to fight back legally in this order. 9. Serve again
9. In the 1 round, the serve should be awarded again under the following circumstances:
9.2 If the ball served by the server touches the net when it crosses the net, it becomes a legal serve. 9.3 The referee failed to score, the receiver and receiver were not ready, and the server had served.
9. Due to the interference beyond the control of the athletes, the athletes failed to fight back legally or abide by the rules in the legal serve; 9.5 The referee or deputy referee shall suspend the game. 9, 6 can be suspended under the following circumstances;
9, 6, 1 Due to the need to correct the service. The order or direction of receiving services is misplaced; 9, 6, 2. Due to rotation service; 9, 6, 3 For warning or punishing athletes;
The results of the 9, 6 and 4 rounds may be affected by the interference of the competition environment.
10, one point, except for this round of heavy service, the athlete will get one point in each of the following situations; 10, 1, the opposing athlete failed to legal serve; 10,2 The opponent's athletes failed to fight back legally;
10,3 The player touches anything except the net before the opponent hits the ball in legal serve or after a legal return;
10,4 After the opponent hits the ball, the ball crosses the end line and does not touch the platform; 10,5 is blocked by the other party.
10,6 The opponent hits the ball with an unqualified racket face.
10,7 the opposing player or anything he wears touches the net10,8 the opposing player touches the table10,9 doubles, and the opposing player hits the ball in the wrong order.
10 and 10, there are clauses 2, 15 and 2 when the rotation serve method is implemented.
1 1, one game, one game, the winner is 1 1. 10 After the draw, the winner is the one who scores 2 points first.
12 A game consists of odd numbers. 13, the order of serving, receiving and exchanging positions.
After each score of 13 and 1, the receiver becomes the server, and so on until the end of the game. When the scores of both sides reach 10, or when the rotation service method is implemented, the order of serving or receiving the service remains unchanged, but each person only serves one point during the rotation.
In the game of 13 and 2, the player who serves first becomes the receiver in the next game. In the doubles final, when one side scores 5 points first, the receiver should exchange the order of receiving the service.
In a game of13,3, one side of the game in one direction will change to the other direction in the next game of the field. In the deciding game, when one side scores 5 points first, the two sides should exchange places. 14, rotation serve method
14, 1 If a game is still not over after 10 minutes (except when both sides scored at least 9 points), or at any time before that, at the request of both players, the rotation service method should be implemented.
Once14,2 changes the server, the rest of the game must be served in rotation. 15 sequence and direction of service and reception errors.
15, 1 The referee shall immediately suspend the game and serve or receive the service according to the order established at the beginning of the game and the score on the field; In doubles, when mistakes are found, they should be corrected in the order established by the side with the right to serve first, and the game will continue.
15, 2 When the referee finds that the athletes should exchange positions but not, he should immediately suspend the game and make corrections according to the score on the field in the established order at the beginning of the field and the correct position where the athletes should stand to continue the game. 15,3 In any case, all the scores before the error is found are valid. Second, the referee method
1. Referees should have basic and necessary equipment and tools. this
These include match balls and referee chairs (referee chairs and assistant referee chairs). Lottery machine Measuring net ruler feather duster towel tray, scoring table, team competition ranking table, folder, scoreboard. Team (person) list, ballpoint pen. Carbon paper. Close at hand, timer, paper clip. Order book, referee's desk, scorekeeper (manual, mechanical or electronic), and instruments needed by the referee when presiding over the lottery; All kinds of cards (can be replaced by playing cards), etc.
2. Referee system Under normal circumstances, in every table tennis match, the referee will determine what referee system will be adopted in this match according to the nature of the game and the actual number of referees. At present, all major international and domestic competitions adopt a method called "consistent system". This "consistent system" has two forms: "consistent system" and "consistent system" "A consistent system". That is, on a table, the referee who decides the table is responsible from the beginning to the end of the game. That is, in a team competition, the referee and the assistant referee are sure to be responsible from beginning to end. These methods have high requirements for referees, and there is often no time to go to the toilet in the middle. "A consistent system". It is often used in individual competitions. 3, the referee, deputy referee operation process
3. 1 Arrive at the stadium, and check whether the baffle and table are correctly placed and whether the net is properly adjusted (if any equipment is disturbed during the competition, it must be restored to its original state before the competition can continue). 3.2 Adjust the score display to zero.
3. After the athletes arrive, check the catalogue and racket before starting the practice. Otherwise, if it is the wrong athlete or irregular racket, it will waste practice time.
3, 4 in the doubles competition, check whether the athletes' clothes are the same and whether there are significant differences between the two sides' clothes. If there is any disobedience, report to the referee. 3.5 Monitor the practice time and tell the athletes then. Ask the coach after practice to encourage athletes not to delay the competition time.
3, 6 In front of both players, use the edge thrower or coin to decide the serve, receive the serve and stand, and record the server or the first player in doubles on the scoreboard.
3, 7 before the start of the game, check whether the towel is placed in the container near the referee, and it is not allowed to hang on the baffle. Any other items, such as bags, must be left outside the stadium.
3. 8 When the athletes are ready, they will announce or point to the server and report "0-0" to change the score to "0-0".
3. Start the timer when serving food. When the game is interrupted, such as wiping sweat, the ball flies out of the game area to stop timing and start again.
3. 10 Score immediately after each round, or use gestures, or both. If you change your serve, your finger will point.
Or reference the name of the next server.
3. 1 1 discourage players from pausing too long or wasting time before serving, and remind them to continue the game if necessary. 3. During a match in 12, ensure that athletes are not allowed to accept any off-court instructions, whether it is language or gestures. If they give illegal instructions for the first time, they will be given a yellow card warning. If they commit a crime again, they will be sent off and leave the competition area.
3. At the end of 13, announce the winner and score at that time, keep the score on the display screen for a while, record the score on the record sheet, and delete the score on the scoreboard.
3. 14 After each game, pick up the game ball, or carry it with you, or put it on the stage for the next game. Master the intermission time and call back the athletes as soon as possible.
3. 15 After a competition, announce the results of the competition and the scores at that time in the team competition, fill in the scoring table, and ask the athletes or team leaders to sign after the team competition.
3. 16 After all competitions, all documents and equipment shall be returned to the relevant competition staff. 3. 17 When leaving the stadium, put away all the match balls, turn the score display back to no display, and check whether there are clothes, towels and other items left in the stadium. Third, how to organize and participate in table tennis competitions
Table tennis is a competitive sport. In mass table tennis activities, various types and forms of competitions were held. Through the competition, we can promote mutual exchanges and learning between the two sides, thus promoting the development of sports activities in our unit and the region and enriching amateur cultural life. Here is a brief introduction to some knowledge about the organization and arrangement of table tennis matches.
(1) Organizing competitions
In order to organize and coordinate competitions, large-scale and regular table tennis competitions should be organized at home and abroad. Usually, a competition organizing committee (with director and deputy director), a secretariat (including conference publicity, medical treatment, etc.) and a competition department (venue competition referee, etc.) are set up. ) and arbitration commission (responsible for enforcing the rules of the game during the game, disputes arising from the accumulation of the game, etc. ). Ordinary amateur competitions held at the grass-roots level need not be completely set up according to the above institutions, and corresponding organizational forms can be set according to the actual situation, so as to flexibly master the organizational methods such as staffing.
(2) Competition rules
Competition rules are the basic basis of competition work and an important link in the whole competition work. Competition regulations are generally designated by the organizers, and their contents should include: competition name, date and place, participating units and personnel, participation methods and records.
Naming time and reward method, judges, etc.
(3) Competition events and methods
Table tennis competitions generally include team competitions and individual competitions. Team events include men's team events and women's team events. Individual events include singles, doubles and mixed doubles. 1, men's team competition
Starting from the 42nd World Table Tennis Championships, there are 3 men in each team competition, and the competition order is as follows:
Scene 1: A-X scene 2: B-Y scene 3: C-Z scene 4: A-Y scene 5: b-X.
In the men's team competition, the winner is the one who wins three games first. 2. Women's team competition.
In the women's team competition, each team can play 2-4 players in each game, and the competition order is as follows: game 1: A-X, game 2: B-Y, game 3: doubles, game 4: A-Y, game 5: B-X.
Doubles can be paired with 2-4 people. 3. Personal projects.
Both men's singles and women's singles adopt the best of five games, while the other three doubles events adopt the best of three games. (4) Competition system
Like other ball games, table tennis often adopts two forms: round robin system and elimination system, and sometimes it also adopts a mixed system combining the two methods. 1, circulatory system
Round robin system is a basic and commonly used method in ball games, which is characterized by the opportunity for teams to meet during the whole game. This method is conducive to the communication between opponents and improve their technical level, and can reflect the results of the game fairly and objectively, so it has become a common method in table tennis competitions. Its disadvantage is relatively speaking.
It takes a lot of time, especially when there are many participants and the competition time is short. Table tennis matches generally adopt single cycle and graded cycle: 2. Single cycle.
Competitors or teams should take turns to compete 1 time.
Calculation of the number of rounds in a single round robin: when the number of participants or teams is odd, the number of rounds is equal to the number of people (teams); When the number of participants is even, the number of rounds is equal to the number of people (teams) minus 1.
The calculation method of single-cycle competition is: if two or more athletes win the same number of times, they shall be determined in the order of winning rate, winning rate and scoring winning rate.
3, grouping cycle
This is a method of dividing several people (teams) into several groups and circulating in each group, which is characterized by saving time and is adopted in the case of large number of participants and short competition time.
Team events generally adopt grouping cycle, and all teams can be grouped in a snake shape. For example, the team of 12 can be divided into two groups: A:1458912b: 23671kloc-0/65438.
4. Elimination system
The elimination system is to quit the competition after losing once in the competition, and the winner will continue the competition until the third place is decided. This kind of competition is characterized by saving time and strong competitiveness, which can make the competition more and more exciting, but it is also accidental.
A) single elimination
The so-called single elimination system is to organize all the contestants into a certain competition order, and two similar players will compete. The winner enters the next round and the loser is eliminated. B) double elimination
The double elimination system is to arrange athletes in a certain order. If you lose two games, you will be eliminated. Winning a game in the final is the champion, and losing a game is the runner-up.