All Putonghua proficiency tests are conducted by oral examination. The standardization of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar shown by candidates in the process of using spoken Mandarin is an important basis for evaluating their level. The following is a brief introduction and skills of Putonghua proficiency test I collected, hoping to help you!
Introduction to examination
Putonghua proficiency test is an important measure to promote Putonghua in China at this stage. Putonghua proficiency test for some posts in a certain range, and gradual implementation of the Putonghua grade certificate system, indicates that the promotion of Putonghua in China has embarked on a new stage of institutionalization, standardization and science. Carrying out the Putonghua proficiency test will greatly strengthen the promotion of Putonghua, speed up the pace, implement the policy of "vigorously promoting, actively popularizing and gradually improving", and greatly improve the level of Putonghua and Chinese standardization in the whole society.
Examination method
After the registration is passed, the candidates will enter the designated examination room on the specified date with the admission ticket and ID card, and take the examination according to the contents of the designated examination paper. Each test center has 2-3 testers, who are responsible for judging the Putonghua level of candidates. The total time is about 15 minutes.
Draw lots to see the works and talk about the topic first, and prepare for about ten minutes. After entering the examination room, first report your company and name, and then test according to four items (five items): 100 monosyllabic words, 50 disyllabic words, (judgment test), reading works and oral English. The whole exam is recorded, and you can leave the test center after the exam. You can check your grades in a week or so and get the corresponding Putonghua proficiency certificate.
Examination content
The examination paper consists of five parts:
1. Read 100 monosyllabic words (excluding light tone and inflected syllables)? Objective: To investigate the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones of candidates.
Requirements: In 100 syllables, each initial appears at least three times, and the missing or confusing words in dialect increase by 1-2 times; Generally, each vowel appears at least twice, and the missing or confusing vowels in dialects increase by 1-2 times. If the initials or finals of words are the same, arrange them separately. Don't let adjacent syllables have disyllables or rhymes.
Scoring: this score accounts for 10% of the total score, that is, 10. Deduct 0. 1 minute for mispronouncing the initials, finals or tones of a word. If the pronunciation is defective, 0.05 points will be deducted for each word. A word is allowed to be read twice, that is, when the examinee finds a slip of the tongue in the first pronunciation, he can correct it and judge it according to the second pronunciation.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Deduct points for overtime (0.5 points for 3-4 minutes, 0.8 points for more than 4 minutes).
Pronunciation defect: 1 read only monosyllabic words and two disyllabic words. The pronunciation defect in 1 mainly refers to the inaccurate pronunciation position of initials, but it is not that one initial in Putonghua is pronounced as another, such as J, Q and X in front of the tongue are pronounced too close to Z, C and S; Or replace the correct pronunciation position of an initial in Putonghua with a closer position, such as reading the pre-consonants J, Q and X into tongue sounds; Or when reading the initials of the tip of the tongue, the position where the tip of the tongue touches or approaches the upper jaw moves backward or forward too much, but it is not completely misunderstood as the pronunciation of the tip of the tongue; The defects of vowel pronunciation are mainly manifested in the obvious lack of vowel roundness and poor sense of language; Or the opening of vowels is obviously not enough, and the auditory nature is obviously inconsistent; Or the tongue movement of vowels is obviously insufficient; Tone shape and tone are basically correct, but the tone value is obviously low or high, especially if the relative high and low points of the four tones are obviously inconsistent, it is judged as tone pronunciation defect; This defect is generally systematic, with 5 monosyllabic errors deducted from each tone. If both 1 and 2 have the same problem, the two items will be deducted respectively.
2. Read 50 disyllabic words
Objective: In addition to the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones, we should also study the pronunciation of tone sandhi, finals and light tone.
Requirements: 50 disyllables can be regarded as 100 monosyllables, and the number of initials and finals is roughly the same as that of monosyllables. In addition, there are no less than 2 times of linking words and no less than 4 times of linking other tones; Not less than 3 times softly; Hua Er has at least four rhymes, and the arrangement of words should avoid the centralized appearance of the same test item.
Scoring: this score accounts for 20% of the total score, that is, 20 points. 0.2 points will be deducted for mispronouncing the initials, finals or tones of a syllable. If the pronunciation is obviously defective, 0. 1 point will be deducted each time.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Overtime deduction (3-4 minutes deduction 1 minute, more than 4 minutes deduction 1.6 minute).
Pronunciation defect refers to the same as described in item 1, and the pronunciation of rhyme is obviously not satisfactory.
If one or both of 1 and 2 tests lose points 10% respectively, that is, 1 question loses points 1 point, or 2 questions lose points, it is judged that the Putonghua level of the candidate cannot enter the first level.
If candidates have obvious phonetic defects, even if the total score reaches A, they will be downgraded to B. ..
read aloud
3. Read the reading materials in the fifth part of the exam outline (No.65438 +0-50).
Objective: To investigate the level of reading written materials in Putonghua, focusing on pronunciation, tone sandhi (rising tone, "one" and "no") and intonation (tone).
Scoring: This score accounts for 30% of the total score. That's 30 points. Accumulate the first 400 words (excluding punctuation marks) of each material, deduct 0. 1 for each phonetic error, deduct 0. 1 for missing a word, and deduct points for dialect intonation in different degrees at one time (3 points for outstanding problems; Obviously, 2 points will be deducted; Slightly reflected, deducted 1.5 points. Deduct 1 minute for each pause or improper sentence break; If the speech speed is too fast or too slow, 2 points will be deducted at one time.
Time limit: 4 minutes. Deduct for more than 4 minutes and 30 seconds 1 minute.
Note: The number of words in each article in the reading material (1-50) is slightly different. In order to achieve a consistent grading standard, the errors in the first 400 words of the reading material (each article is marked after 400 words) are accumulated in the test. But the study of intonation and speech speed should run through the whole article. Judging from the requirements of the exam, we should take 50 works that provide exercises for candidates as a whole and master them comprehensively through pre-exam exercises.
4. Judgment test
Objective: To pay attention to the examinee's comprehensive mastery of vocabulary and grammar in Putonghua. Title score: this score accounts for 10% of the total score, that is, 10.
Judgment (1): According to the third part of the test syllabus, ten groups of words with different expressions in Putonghua and dialects (each group has at least two different' expressions') are selected, and the candidates can judge which words are Putonghua. Wrong group deducted 0.25 points. This part can be omitted in the examination for foreigners, and the score of judgment (3) can be doubled.
Judgment (2): According to the fourth part of the exam outline, select five quantifiers, list the 10 nouns that can match them, combine the candidates on the spot, and investigate the candidates' mastery of quantifiers. 0.5 points will be deducted for each mismatch.
Judgment (3): According to the fourth part of the test outline, five groups of phrases or short sentences (each group has at least two forms) that are inconsistent with the word order or expression of Putonghua and dialects are compiled, and the candidates judge the form that conforms to the grammatical norms of Putonghua. Deduct 0.5 points for each misjudgment.
When answering orally, the words belonging to the answer part are mispronounced, and 0. 1 point will be deducted each time; If the wrong answer has been deducted, the pronunciation error will not be deducted.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Deduct 0.5 points for overtime work.
talk with each other
Objective: To investigate the ability of the candidates to speak Mandarin and the degree of standardization they can achieve without written support. Give priority to one-way speech, supplemented by two-way dialogue between examiners and candidates when necessary. One-way dialogue: candidates should speak for 4 minutes according to the topic determined by drawing lots (not less than 3 minutes, and the examiner should ask the candidates to stop speaking after 4 minutes).
Scoring: this score accounts for 30% of the total score, which is 30 points. These include:
(1) phonetic features account for 20%, that is, 20 points. The grade is:
First-class 20-minute voice standard
18 second-grade phonetic error is less than 10 times, and the dialect is not obvious;
16 third-grade phonetic errors are less than 10 times, but the dialect is obvious; Or the dialect is not obvious, but the pronunciation error is roughly between 10 and 15 times;
14 fourth grade phonetic errors are between 18 times and 15 times, and the dialect is obvious;
The fifth grade 10 score, the phonetic error exceeds 15 times, and the dialect is obvious;
There are many phonetic errors and strong accent in the sixth gear and eighth gear.
If the phonetic feature is determined to be second grade (or below), even if the total score is above 96, it cannot enter the first class. If the phonetic feature is determined to be in the fifth gear, even if the total score is above 87, it cannot enter the second category A; In either case, you will be demoted in class.
(2) The standardization of vocabulary grammar accounts for 5%. The score level is:
A 5 points vocabulary and grammar standardization;
4 points in the second grade, occasionally vocabulary or grammar does not meet the standard;
The vocabulary and grammar of grade three and grade three often do not conform to the norms;
(3) Natural fluency accounts for 5%, that is, 5 points. The score level is:
The first gear of 5 points is natural and smooth;
4 points in the second day of junior high school are basically fluent and poor in spoken English (similar to the performance of memorizing manuscripts);
Improper speech speed in the third gear and incoherent words; The lack of speaking time must be made up by the two-way dialogue between the examiner and the examiner. In the trial stage, the above scoring method is adopted, and the proportion of oral scores is appropriately increased with the change of the situation.
Test paper type
Putonghua proficiency test papers are divided into type I and type II according to different test objects:
Class I papers are mainly used by foreigners or foreigners who have passed the Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) and applied for the Mandarin Proficiency Test.
The range of type I paper is:
(1) Monosyllabic words and disyllabic words are selected from Table 1 in the second part of the test outline, in which words with two asterisks account for 60% and words with one asterisk account for 40%. The test scope is limited to [table 1].
(2) The number of reading materials submitted is limited to 40, and the 10 articles with more words are subtracted by the number of words.
Because the Putonghua proficiency test is in the trial stage, taking into account the learning burden of students at school, before the end of 1996 12, I-type papers were also used to test the Putonghua proficiency of students in secondary normal schools and secondary vocational schools and primary school teachers.
Class II papers are for candidates other than those who use Class I papers.
The scope of the second category of documents is:
(1) monosyllabic words and disyllabic words are selected from table 1 and table 2 in the second part of the test outline. 70% is selected from the table 1, of which 40% is marked with two asterisks and 30% with one asterisk; 30% is selected from Table 2.
(2) All reading materials (No.1-50) should be signed.
examination performance
Mandarin is the standard language of modern Chinese. The Putonghua Proficiency Test Standard (Trial) (Guoyu [1997] No.64) promulgated by the State Language Commission, the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television divides the Putonghua level into three levels (the first level can be called standard Putonghua, the second level can be called relative standard Putonghua, and the third level can be called ordinary Putonghua), and each level is divided into two levels, A and B, and the third level has six levels.
Level 1 (Standard Mandarin)
Grade A (test score: between 97- 100), when reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation is standard, the words and grammar are correct, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth.
Grade B (test score: 92-96.99), when reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation is standard, the words and grammar are correct, the intonation is natural and the expression is smooth. Occasionally there will be mistakes in pronunciation and intonation.
Level 2 (Standard Mandarin)
Grade A in Senior Two (test score: 87-9 1.99), when reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation of phonology is basically standard, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. Several difficult pronunciations sometimes make mistakes. There are few mistakes in words and grammar.
Second-class B (test score: 80-86.99), when reading aloud and speaking freely, individual tone values are not accurate, and vowel pronunciation is not in place. Difficult pronunciation and many mistakes. Dialect intonation is not obvious. There are cases of using dialect words and dialect grammar.
Level 3 (general level of Putonghua)
Grade A (test score: 70-79.99), when reading aloud and talking freely, there are many vowel pronunciation errors, which are difficult to exceed the common range and inaccurate tone adjustment. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are mistakes in words and grammar.
Grade B (test score: 60-69.99), when reading aloud and talking freely, there are many pronunciation errors in pronunciation and intonation, and the dialect features are outstanding. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are many mistakes in words and grammar. Outsiders can't understand his conversation.
According to the requirements of the state and relevant ministries and commissions, the standard of Putonghua proficiency for all kinds of personnel at this stage is: announcer, program host, film and television drama actor or above; Teachers and college students are above the second level; Civil servants and employees in the social public service industry are above level 3. At present, some provinces, cities and industrial systems have refined the requirements for some people to meet the standard of Putonghua according to the actual needs and national principles, so as to promote the further popularization of Putonghua and further improve their ability to use Putonghua.
The Grade Certificate of Putonghua Proficiency Test is an effective certificate to prove candidates' Putonghua proficiency, which is uniformly printed by the State Language Committee. The certificate of Putonghua Grade B or below shall be issued after being sealed by the provincial (municipality directly under the Central Government) Language and Literature Working Committee, and the certificate of Putonghua Grade A shall be valid after being audited by the National Putonghua Proficiency Testing Center and stamped with the seal of the National Putonghua Proficiency Testing Center. A valid Putonghua proficiency test grade certificate is common in China.
Examination time
At present, there are no specific provisions for the national Putonghua proficiency test. There are putonghua testing centers in all districts and counties. You can register at the registration point at any time and take the exam according to the time arranged by the registration point. Some training centers can provide training! Basically, there is a Putonghua test every month.
Examination skills
Many people can't give full play to their Putonghua level in the Putonghua proficiency test because of their poor psychological state, leaving a lot of regrets. For example, when reading words, you mispronounce the words you are familiar with; Stuttering, repeating, missing words and adding words when reading articles; When you talk, you don't think. If you want to say a word, it's not enough to stop for "three long minutes". Therefore, how to adjust the mentality and take the exam easily has become a difficult problem for all candidates. The author here provides some simple and practical methods to discuss with you, hoping to help overcome this problem.
First, careful preparation and strength.
The fundamental reason why candidates are nervous is probably due to insufficient preparation before the exam and psychological deficiency. The only way to overcome this psychological state is to work harder at ordinary times, always pay attention to your own Putonghua level and make use of every opportunity to learn Putonghua. With enough strength, self-confidence is there, and the tension is naturally eliminated.
Second, adjust the atmosphere and take exams easily.
The specific approach is:
1, find opportunities to understand the whole process of Putonghua proficiency test and make corresponding preparations; Don't let yourself be at a loss because a link doesn't match the expected situation.
2. Treat the lottery of speech topics with a calm mind, and don't take any chances, thinking that if you get the desired sign, you will play it beyond your ability. In fact, the difficulty of each topic is not very different. The key is to be comprehensive and have answers.
After entering the examination room, it is reasonable to find an opportunity to say a few words to the examiner. Not only relax themselves, but also adjust the atmosphere, so that the exam can be conducted in a relaxed and happy atmosphere, which is something that testers and candidates are happy to do.
4, concentrate on the exam, don't always stare at the examiner's pen-if the examiner moves, you will be nervous, so why torture yourself. Of course, there are a few words that you can't pick up on time. Look at the tester's reaction and correct it in time, but it really doesn't have to be like this every time.
When leaving the examination room, say "thank you" to the examinee, and then walk out of the examination room calmly. I have done what I have to do. What is there to regret?
Third, use rules to reduce mistakes.
1, when reading a word, if you find that you have made a mistake, don't give up easily, you can correct it according to the rules. When reading disyllabic words, if you don't know a word, don't read the whole word. Each syllable of a disyllabic word is scored independently, and you can get half a point if you read any word correctly.
2. When reading the article, I found that a word was mispronounced or missed. According to the rules, I can't reread the whole sentence.
3. Tell what you are familiar with, and don't deliberately pursue whether the sentence is beautiful or not, and whether the story is lively and interesting; Don't keep looking at your watch and worry about whether it's three minutes.
In the whole exam, every exam content has corresponding exam rules, and candidates should fully master these rules before the exam to avoid unnecessary mistakes. Reading and speaking account for a large proportion in the score, which is also one of the easy points for candidates to lose. These two items will be the main topics for discussion in the future.
;