Volleyball was played by American William? After Morgan invented it, it was just an entertaining game, and it was not included in competitive sports. At that time, there were no fixed number of people and venues, and there were no unified rules. As long as both sides negotiate and have equal opportunities, they can compete.
1896, the first volleyball rules came into being in America. The United States published the first volleyball rule book. Its main contents are as follows: adopting the scoring system, each game is determined to be 2 1 minute, and two wins out of three games; Each team consists of six people and must serve in turn; There is a far ball line, 4 feet from the center line. After the ball line is far away, the player can hit the ball continuously. Subsequently, American volleyball rules were revised several times. The main contents are as follows: it is stipulated that players can hit the ball above the waist; Each team can hit the ball up to three times on this court; When hitting the ball, the hand must not cross the net; Players in the back row are not allowed to attack and so on. 1925, the Soviet Union published the first formal volleyball rule book, the main contents of which were basically the same as those of the United States. 1947, the International Volleyball Federation was formally established, and the American volleyball rules were merged with the European volleyball rules, and the world six-a-side volleyball rules were formulated, so that the world volleyball competition was conducted under unified rules and the volleyball level developed in a higher direction.
1950, China first promulgated the six-a-side volleyball rules formulated by FIVB, and the first six-a-side volleyball competition rules were revised and published in 195 1 year. China volleyball is officially in line with international volleyball, and unified international volleyball rules are implemented.
With the continuous development and improvement of volleyball, some provisions in the rules have been difficult to meet the needs of this development. Since 1947, the volleyball rules have been revised several times. Every revision has greatly promoted volleyball, making it more attractive and exciting. The main contents of the revision are as follows:
I. 1964 ~ 1965
Front row players are allowed to block the net.
(1adopted by the Tokyo Olympic Games Congress in 1964 and implemented in 1965+0. )
Before 1964, the rules stipulated that blocking players were not allowed to block. This rule makes it clear that blocking technique is only a defensive technique. After the revision of the rules, the volleyball technique has undergone fundamental changes, and the blocking technique has changed from defensive passive technique to offensive active technique. The online competition of volleyball is more intense, and the focus of the contradiction between offensive and defensive is directly reflected in the net mouth, and people's understanding of volleyball is greatly improved.
Two. 1968 ~ 197 1 year
Set up a sign pole 20 cm outside the sign belt, and stipulate that it is a foul for the ball to touch the sign pole or cross the net from outside the sign pole.
(The experiment was put forward at the Congress of Mexico Olympic Games in 1968, adopted at the Congress of World Championships in Sofia in 1970, and implemented in 197 1 and 1 year. )
Set up a sign pole, that is, the net crossing surface in front of the net is 9.4 meters. In order to break through the blocking line, it is necessary to combine high and fast, so the fast break system is produced.
Three. 1974 ~ 1976
1. Blocking is not a stroke, which means that the team can hit the ball three times after blocking the ball.
2. The sign pole moves 20 cm inward and is located at the outer edge of the sign belt.
(The experiment was put forward in Mexico World Championship Congress in 1974, adopted in Montreal Olympic Games Congress in 1976, and implemented in 65438+ 10 in July. )
After blocking, you can hit the ball three times, which creates favorable conditions for spike to organize counterattack, which is especially reflected in women's volleyball competition. The fast attack tactical system initiated by China women's volleyball team benefited from the modification of this rule. At the same time, in the men's volleyball competition, this rule stimulated the appearance and application of blocking serve technology. As each team has increased the number of service blocking players, it has weakened the opponent's service strength and changed the service receiving formation, resulting in the form of three-person service receiving and two-person service receiving. The flag pole moved 20 cm inward, so that the attack surface in front of the net was only 9 meters wide. People began to develop the attack area from the front of the net to the back of the net, resulting in a three-dimensional attack tactical system in the back row, which enriched the technical and tactical content of volleyball.
Four. 1984
1. Stop service is not allowed.
2. Cancel the combo foul of the first shot except the overhand pass.
(1adopted by the congress of the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984, 1984+implemented in February. )
Due to the appearance of blocking serve technology, many round-trip balls are lost in volleyball match. Often, if the service is successfully blocked, you can get several points, and the excitement and persistence of the game will decrease. Therefore, the rule allowing interception of serve was cancelled. The second content of the amendment is aimed at the imbalance between offense and defense, and offense is stronger than defense. When receiving the first shot of the opponent's ball, that is, receiving the service, spiking, receiving the ball and receiving the ball blocked by the opponent, allowing the arm to have a combo in the same shot is beneficial to the ball and defense.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) 1988
1. local segmentation limit. The score for each game is 15, and the highest score is 17. The first game to the fourth game is the scoring system of the service right, and the fifth game (the deciding game) is the scoring system of each ball.
The interval between games is three minutes.
(1adopted by the Seoul Olympic Games Congress in 1988, and implemented in 1988+February. )
It used to be difficult to control the time of volleyball matches. According to statistics, in recent large-scale world volleyball matches, the shortest time for a ball is 29 minutes, while the longest time is 3 hours and 35 minutes. The highest record of changing clothes continuously in history is 28 times. The uncertainty of competition time brings many unfavorable factors to the development of volleyball. The modification of this rule can shorten the time of volleyball match, make it easier to broadcast on TV, and help volleyball to be commercialized.
Intransitive verb 1992 ~ 1993
1. The highest score in the first four games 17. When the tie breaker score is 14: 14, the game will continue until the first team leads by two points and has no highest score.
2. Allow players to cross the barrier-free zone to save the ball.
3. Beating is allowed at the knee joint and any part of the body above the knee joint.
4. Tap and drop the ball are allowed when hitting the ball, but the hitting action must be clear and there can be no pushing.
(1adopted by the Barcelona Olympic Games Congress in 1992, and implemented in 1993+0. )
The revision of the rules is mainly to consider how to reduce the number of interruptions of the game and improve the excitement of the game. Therefore, the maximum score limit of the deciding game was cancelled and the player's hitting area was expanded. The reasonable contact position of the player extends from the waist up to the knee up, and the thigh contact ball is regarded as a good ball.
Seven. 1994 ~ 1995
1. The service area has been expanded, and the service area is 9 meters behind the finish line.
The ball can touch any part of the body.
The ball must be hit, not caught or thrown, and it can bounce in any direction.
4. Cancel the "combo" foul of the first shot.
Touching the net is a foul, except that the player occasionally touches the net without trying to hit the ball.
(The research experiment in 1994 was adopted at the FIVB conference in 1995 and implemented in 1995+ 10. )
This rule revision is another major revision based on the revision of 1992, which has greatly promoted the development of volleyball. With the expansion of the service area, the service technology has been developed, especially the application of the oblique run-up and take-off service technology, which makes the service buffer technology move from relative balance to a new unbalanced stage. Allowing players to touch the ball at any part of the body is a revolution in volleyball technology. From the past arm technique to the present hand-foot technique, the method of hitting the ball has been expanded. At the same time, the revision of the rules requires us to establish a new concept of holding the ball. Before the amendment, the rules stipulated: "The ball must be clear, and there must be no stopping, such as carrying, pushing, throwing, fishing and holding". After the rules were revised, the concept of hitting time was relaxed, that is, "the ball must be hit, and it is not allowed to catch or throw the ball." Because of the cancellation of the "combo" foul on the first shot, players use the overhand passing technique more boldly when receiving the serve and receiving the opponent's push, which improves the accuracy of receiving the ball and speeds up the attack and counterattack.
Eight. 1996
1. The extension line of the limit line extends to both sides of the line 1.75m .. Draw five short lines with a length of 15 cm and a spacing of 20 cm.
2. The pressure of the ball for men's competition is 0.30 ~ 0.325 kg/cm2, and the ball for women's competition is 1998.
3. The ball flies into the opponent's barrier-free area from the space outside the net crossing area, and the players can return the ball under the following circumstances:
A. don't touch each other's territory.
B. the ball returns from the same side outside the net area.
C. the opposing team members shall not interfere with the batting action this time.
4. A player is allowed to touch the opponent's court with one foot (feet) and one hand (hands) when crossing the center line, and a part of the foot or hand also touches or is placed above the center line, but it shall not affect the opponent.
5. Warning, a game, the first yellow card, the second red card.
(1 adopted by the Atlanta Olympic Games Congress in 1996, and implemented on 1997+ 10/day. )
This is the rule adopted at the Atlanta Olympic Games Congress in 1996. 1997 1 will be implemented later. The fundamental purpose of the revision is to reduce the interruption of the game and improve the excitement. The decrease of air pressure in the ball for men's competition. It is to reduce the impact and flight speed, which is conducive to defense and increase the number of round trips. In the future, FIVB will also reduce the pressure of women's competition balls, which will be finalized at the 1998 congress. In the 1996 women's volleyball grand prix, the system of free guards was tested. It is stipulated that each team can have two free defenders to participate in the game. They are not limited by the number of replacements. They can only play in the back row, and are not allowed to block, attack or serve. When passing the ball higher than the net in the frontcourt, no player can directly hit the ball on the other side. The purpose of this rule is to improve the defensive ability and provide opportunities for short players with strong defensive ability to participate in the competition.
Non-technical regulations
(A) team clothing
The players' clothes include tops, shorts and sneakers. Jackets, shorts and socks must be uniform, neat and of the same color. In international competitions, all the players' shoes must be the same color, but the trademarks can be different. The number of the coat must be 1 ~ 18, and the color of the number must be obviously different from that of the coat. The front number is at least 10 cm high, the back number is at least 15 cm high, and the number stroke width is at least 2 cm.
(2) Articles prohibited from wearing
It is forbidden for players to wear articles that may cause injuries and are beneficial to artificial strength. You can wear glasses in the game, but you are responsible for all the consequences.
(3) Basic rights of participants
1. Captain
Before the game starts, the captain should sign the scoreboard and draw lots on behalf of the team. Lottery winners can choose to be served or accepted, or they can choose the court. The captain is the captain on the court. The ball is dead, and only the captain can talk to the referee. The captain of the field can ask to explain the rules and their implementation, take a normal game break (pause and substitution), allow to change clothes or equipment, check the positions of players on both sides, and check the floor, net and ball. At the end of the game, he will sign the score sheet to show his approval of the result of the game.
coach
Before the game, the coach should check the names and numbers of the players on the scoreboard and sign them. Before the start of each game, you should fill in the position table, sign it and give it to the recorder or the second referee. During the game, he should sit on the team bench near the recorder. He can coach the players on the court, but he must sit on the team bench or warm-up area and must not interfere or delay the game.
Step 3 replace players
Each team can replace up to 6 players in each game. One player left the playing field and another player took his place. In replacement, you can replace one or more people at the same time. Substitutes can only play once in each game. If a player is injured and can't continue playing, then he must be replaced legally. If it cannot be legally substituted, special substitution can be adopted. If a player is punished or disqualified, he must be replaced legally. If there is no legal substitution, the team will be judged as incomplete, and the team with incomplete lineup will retain its scores and matches.
4. The game is interrupted
Normal game breaks are pauses and substitutions. When the game is a dead ball, before the referee blows the whistle to serve, the coach or the captain of the field asks for a rest with corresponding gestures. One or two pauses can be continuous, with one person on each side, without going through the game. The same team may not make consecutive substitution requests without a match, but two or more players may be replaced in the same substitution request. A time-out is 30 seconds, but in the world competition, the method of technical time-out is adopted, that is, when the score reaches 5 points 10, it is a technical time-out and the time is 1 minute. In each game, the team still has a 30-second timeout. During the time-out, players must leave the competition area and go to the barrier-free area near the team seat.
Step 5 postpone the game
The behavior of delaying the game is: changing people to delay the time; After the referee whistled to resume the game, he delayed the pause; Request illegal replacement, and make an abnormal request again in the same bureau; The players on the field delayed the game. Delaying the game is a team foul. If the same game is delayed for the first time, it should be given a delay warning, and if it appears again, it should be given a delay penalty.
6. Bad behavior
Bad behaviors of players towards referees, opposing players, spectators or players can be divided into four categories according to their offensive degree.
(1) Immoral behavior: Participants in the competition argue about the referee's result and threaten the opposing team members.
(2) Rude behavior: The behavior of the participants in the competition violates moral principles and adopts uncivilized behavior, which is insulting to the referee, the opposing team members and the audience.
(3) Aggressive behavior: slandering the referee, the opposing team member or the audience with insulting language and posture.
(4) Infringement: an attempt to infringe on the referee, the opposing team member or the audience or personal infringement.
technical/technological specification
(1) serve
The server must throw or withdraw the ball from the holder within 5 seconds after the first referee blows the whistle, and hit the ball with any part of one hand or arm before landing. If the ball does not touch the server when it hits the ground, it is considered as an attempt to serve. After the service attempt, the first referee should whistle in time to allow the service to be served again, and the server must serve within 3 seconds after whistling again. The server shall not trample on the ground (including the end line) or the ground outside the service area when hitting or dropping the ball. After hitting the ball, you can trample or land on the court or outside the service area. You are allowed to try to serve once every time.
(2) the position of the player on the court
When the server hits the ball, the players of both sides must stand in two rows, with three people in each row. The service is not limited by the position on the court. The position of the player is determined according to the landing position of the foot. Each front-row player has at least a part of one foot, which is closer to the center line than the back-row players in the same row. Each right (left) player has at least a part of one foot, which is closer to the right (left) sideline of the court than the foot of the middle player in the same row. At the moment when the server hits the ball, the landing position of the player's foot on the court must meet its position requirements. After serving, the player can be anywhere on the court and in the barrier-free area.
(3) Off-line crossing
Players are allowed to cross the opponent's offline space without interfering with the opponent's game. One or both feet of the player are allowed to cross the center line and touch the opponent's court, while part of the foot also touches the center line or is placed above the center line. No other parts of the player's body are allowed to touch the opponent's court except his feet. After the game is interrupted, players can enter the opponent's field.
(4) Touching the net
The new rules stipulate that touching the net is a foul, but occasionally touching the net without trying to hit the ball is not a foul. The so-called not trying to hit the ball means that the hitting action and the hitting attempt have been completed. If you touch the net occasionally after completing the spike or cover spike, it is not a foul.
(5) Attacking the ball
Offensive stroke refers to all strokes directed at the opponent except serving and blocking. When the whole ball passes through the vertical plane of the net or touches the opponent's player, the attack is completed. Players in the front row can attack the ball at any height, but they must be on the court when touching the ball. Players in the back row are allowed to hit the ball at any height in the backcourt, but their feet are not allowed to step on or cross the offensive line when taking off, and they can land in the frontcourt after hitting the ball. If the players in the back row finish attacking the ball in the frontcourt, a part of the ball must be below the top edge of the net when touching the ball.
(6) blocking the net
Blocking refers to the action that a player approaches the net and puts his hand above the net to stop the opponent from coming to the ball.
The blocking action of touching the ball completes the blocking. Only the front players are allowed to block, and the back players are not allowed to block. If the player in the back row blocks the ball back, it is a foul. If you block the ball in your own court, it will be your team's first shot. The front row player's blocking and touching the ball is not counted as a stroke of the team, so the team can hit the ball three times after blocking. When blocking the net, the player can put his hand or arm through the net, but it must not affect the opponent's stroke. The ball should touch the ball after the opponent's offensive stroke is completed. In the blocking action, the ball is allowed to contact one or more blockers in rapid succession.
(7) the ball in the game
According to the rules, players can touch the ball with any part of their bodies. However, the ball must be hit, not caught or thrown, and it can bounce in any direction. If a player violates the above regulations, he will be judged as holding the ball.
The rules stipulate that the ball must touch different parts of the body at the same time. If the ball touches different parts of the player's body, it is a combo foul. However, in the blocking action, the same player or different players in the same block are allowed to touch the ball continuously in a single action. In the first stroke of the team, different parts of the player's body are allowed to touch the ball continuously in the same stroke. The first racket refers to receiving the serve, the attack racket, the ball stopped by our side and the ball stopped by the other side. When the team hits the ball for the second and third time, it is not allowed to touch different parts of the body continuously.
Although the rules are composed of the above three parts, they are a whole. While mastering the contents of each part, we should organically combine the contents of the three parts. Only in this way can we better understand the rules, understand the rules, and even better implement the rules.
Principles of implementing rules
The referee is the one who enforces the rules. Correct application of the rules requires the referee to fully understand the rules and use the rules decisively and correctly in the whole process of the game. The referee must first know the principle basis for the formation of the rules, especially when there is no clear provision in the rules. For example, Rule 26.2.3 stipulates that "he has the right to decide all issues related to the game, including those not specified in the rules". Only on the basis of fully understanding the formation principle of rules can judges use rules to deal with such problems.
In order to correctly use and implement rules, we should have a complete understanding of the role of rules, the influencing factors of the formation of rules and the basic principles of implementing rules.
First, the role of rules.
Generally speaking, the rule as a whole has the following functions:
(A) the nature of the project provisions
The rules stipulate the competition conditions, equipment, equipment, venue, net and ball specifications. The number of participants, official players, their positions on the field and the rotation order are stipulated. It also stipulates the method of competition.
(2) Provisions on legal and foul techniques
In the volleyball rules, a large number of clear technical definitions are given, as well as the obvious differences between correct technology, illegal technology and wrong technology.
(3) make competition under fair conditions.
All rules about venues, equipment, equipment, technology and behavior are equal to the members of both sports teams. This is "fairness". This is a very important question for the referee. Therefore, the accuracy of understanding and implementing the rules is the basic factor of fairness and rationality.
The role of education
In Chapter 7 "Bad Behavior" of the Rules, athletes' sports moral behavior is clearly defined. Referees must pay attention to their responsibilities in this respect, which is the core of volleyball. The purpose of volleyball is not only competition, but also the educational function of sports ethics and fair competition.
Second, the influencing factors of rule formation
Rules must meet the development requirements of volleyball. Therefore, when formulating and modifying rules, it is natural to consider the following factors:
(A) the development of technology and tactics
Rules not only meet the requirements of technical and tactical development, but also play a positive role in promoting and leading the development of technical and tactical.
(B) improve the incentive requirements
The rise of volleyball status depends largely on its attraction. This attraction is expressed by stimulating the emotions of the audience. Therefore, the revision of the rules meets the needs of this requirement in a sense.
(C) the necessity of social propaganda
The development of volleyball depends more on social factors, and social propaganda is very important. It is also an effective way to make people interested in this sport and accept it.
Economic constraints
The development of volleyball needs sufficient financial support. Therefore, the revision of the rules will often make some concessions to this factor.
Third, the basic principles of implementing the rules
The basic principles of implementing the rules are based on the functions and influencing factors of the above rules. According to the requirements of the above two aspects, the main principles are as follows:
(a) Make the game play under good and fair conditions.
The most basic principle of implementing the rules is to create appropriate conditions and opportunities as much as possible, so that athletes can play the highest competitive level in the competition. The competitive level reflects the level of volleyball, and the purpose of athletes' training for many years is to participate in the competition, so the competition is an important environment to evaluate the training effect. As a referee, we must realize the fact that every self-judgment will have an obvious psychological impact on athletes. Any psychological influence will lead to positive or negative results. Therefore, a fundamental requirement for referees is to give athletes appropriate opportunities to show their highest competitive level. From this point of view, the main evaluation point of referee work is his impartiality and stability. The basis of judging fairness is accuracy, and the basis of judging stability is fairness.
(2) actively encourage viewing.
In the development and improvement of volleyball, the excitement of the game is a very important factor. Therefore, the referee should fully realize that he should be able to mobilize the enthusiasm of the public, pay attention to make the game reach its climax, and reduce and shorten the number of interruptions. Therefore, referees also have the responsibility to promote the development of volleyball.
(C) to strengthen cooperation between referees
The cooperation between referees is the basis of completing the referee's work and guiding the game correctly. Every member of the referee group has his special rights and responsibilities, and he has a fixed position on the court to facilitate the execution of the work. However, this may also affect his judgment because of his limited vision. Therefore, strengthening the cooperation between referees is the only way to ensure that referees correctly judge and accurately perform their rights and obligations.
Cooperation between referees
First, the cooperation between the first and second referees
After the first and second referees arrive at the competition venue, they should check whether the venue, equipment and equipment meet the requirements, and take the initiative to contact the venue director when necessary. * * * Presided over the pre-competition lottery and admission ceremony, and the preparation time was served by the second referee. Before each game, the first referee should give the second referee enough time to check the positions of the players on both sides. In the competition, the first referee focuses on the fouls of the server, the attacker and the top and side of the net, and the second referee focuses on the fouls of the receiver, the blocker and the bottom and side of the net. The work of suspension and substitution is mainly controlled by the second referee The first referee should give him time to complete the substitution procedure. If the substitution is delayed, the second referee should prompt the first referee in time, and the first referee will make a penalty. When a team is suspended twice and replaced by five players, the first referee should be informed by gesture. The second referee should whistle and make gestures in time when he finds that the ball touches the goalpost on the same side or crosses the net from outside the goalpost. If you find that the ball on the same side is out of bounds, hit the ball four times and call it back to the first referee. You should make a gesture that only the first referee can see in time. Gestures should be placed on your chest. If the first referee doesn't see it, the second referee should immediately withdraw his gesture and don't insist on his own judgment. For foul balls that are difficult for the first referee to see, the second referee should whistle and make gestures in time. After or at the same time as the first referee blows the whistle to serve, the second referee should not blow the whistle to make the team ask for a timeout or substitution. When the recorder finds that the service order is wrong and blows the whistle to stop the game, the second referee should find out the situation in time and report it to the first referee, who will handle it. When the first referee punishes a team, he should explain the reasons, and the second referee will inform the recorder of the reasons. When it is found that the players on the field are injured and cannot continue the game, the referee should blow the whistle in time, and the second referee should master the substitution rules.
Second, the cooperation between the first referee and the recorder.
Before the game, the first referee should inform the recorder of the lottery results. Before the start of each game and the substitution, the first referee should give the recorder enough time to register and check the players' positions on the field and register the substitution numbers. After registration and verification, the recorder should raise his hand to the first referee. In the game, if there are mistakes in score, player position, service order, score and service change, the first referee should give the recorder sufficient time to find out the situation. For example, when the first referee punishes a team's bad behavior and delay, the first referee should use gestures to clearly indicate the situation, and the recorder will record it accurately. When a team scores 8 points in the deciding game to exchange venues, the recorder shall promptly notify the referee to exchange venues, and the first referee shall give the necessary time for the recorder to use. When a team asks for two timeouts and five substitutions, it should notify the first referee by gesture.
Third, the cooperation between the first referee and the linesman
Generally speaking, the first referee should respect the linesman's judgment. When the ball falls near the border, he should observe the flag of the linesman and make a final judgment. The linesman should judge the ball near the border. Don't rush to make a flag until you see it clearly. If necessary, you can explain the situation to the first referee.
The first referee should rely on and respect the judgment of the linesman when judging that the ball is out of bounds, especially when the backcourt is out of bounds. The linesman should make an accurate judgment in time and make a gesture to the first referee. When the ball touches the marker post or crosses the net from the outside of the marker post and the extension line, the near end of the first referee should cooperate with the linesman on the right and the far end with the linesman on the left. When the server steps on the end line or jumps out of the service area, the linesman should take the initiative to make a referee gesture, and the first referee should also pay attention to the linesman's judgment.
Fourth, the cooperation between the referee and the recorder.
Before the start of each game, the second referee should check the position on the field to see if the recorder has finished checking. After checking, the recorder should raise his hands and signal to the second referee. During the timeout, the second referee should know how many times the two sides have paused. If the second time is suspended, the recorder will inform the second referee. When changing people, the second referee should pay attention to the recorder. If the substitution is legal, the recorder should raise a hand to signal to the second referee that he agrees to the substitution. Second, when the referee controls the substitution process in the substitution area, he should give the recorder time to register the number of players. Especially when there are many substitutions, they should be carried out in turn. After registration, the recorder should raise his hands to signal to the second referee. When the recorder finds that the service order is wrong, he should immediately whistle to stop the game when the server hits the ball. The second referee should assist the recorder to find out the situation and correct it accurately. When a player is awarded a penalty or delayed, the second referee should assist the recorder to register accurately.
Fifth, the cooperation between the referee and the linesman.
The second referee's penalty for the ball hitting the goalpost or crossing the net from outside the goalpost and extension line should be borne by the linesman on the right. The second referee's judgment of the ball out of bounds and out of bounds should be coordinated with the linesman
Six, the cooperation between the linemen
Both linemen * * * are responsible for the sideline and end line. When the ball falls near the corner of the two lines, the two linemen should judge together. To this end, the following principles should be followed.
(1) whoever sees the foul ball will hang the flag first, and the other linesman will cooperate to hang the flag. If the two linesmen don't see that this is a foul ball, it means that this is a foul ball. They should look at each other and make a flag of an in-ball.
(two) according to the main line and auxiliary line responsibilities. If the ball falls on the sideline, the linesman in charge of the sideline will be the referee, and another linesman will cooperate with the referee.