Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
In order to protect themselves, embrace cloth and trade silk. When robbers came to trade silk, they came to me. Sending a child involves gas, as for Dunqiu. When I was a robber, I had no good media. There is no anger in the child, and autumn lasts.
Take the other side of the wall to get back to the customs. I didn't see the resumption of customs, so I cried. Seeing the resumption of GATT, I was full of laughter and laughter. Well, Parr, the body is not responsible. Driving your car to bribe me to move. (2: Ba)
Mulberry leaves flourish before they fall. Yu Yu, I'm sorry! Don't eat mulberry. What a woman! There is nothing to worry about. It can be said that scholars are worried. You can't say a woman is worried.
Mulberry fell, yellow, and fell. Self-pity, poor three years old. Qishui soup, curtain skirt. Women are unhappy, and scholars do their best. Scholars are also extremely useless.
Being a woman at the age of three is exhausting. Sleepless all night, there must be a dynasty. As for violence, what you say must be done. My brother didn't know, but he smiled. Calm down and think about it, and you will bow your head and feel sorry for yourself.
Being together always makes me complain. Qi has a shore and discipline has a plate. The banquet in General's Corner was talking and laughing, swearing and not thinking about the opposite side. On the contrary, I don't think about it. I'm already embarrassed!
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Simple and honest peasant boy, holding cloth for silk. Actually, it's not really a change. Find a chance to talk about marriage. Farewell Lang, farewell Qi Shuixi, to Dunqiu. It's not that I want to miss the ceremony, and you don't have the courtesy of the matchmaker. Don't lose your temper Come and get married when autumn comes.
Climb up that pile of broken walls and look far away. Far away in the clouds, the lover has no tears. My lover came back from the city, talking and laughing happily. If you go to divination and seek immortality, you are happy and have no bad omen. Come in your car with my dowry.
Mulberry leaves are covered with green branches before they fall. Hush, hush, those turtledoves, don't eat mulberries in your mouth. Oh, young girls, don't part with men. If a man falls in love with you, it's too easy to lose it. If a woman loves a man, it's hard to get rid of it.
Mulberry leaves have fallen, yellow and haggard. I have been poor for three years since I married your family. Qishui sent me home, and the water splashed on the car curtain was wet. There is nothing wrong with me being a wife, but your man is too naughty. Be capricious and unruly, change your mind and play tricks.
Married for many years, she is already a woman and has been doing housework diligently. It is never too difficult to get up early and go to bed late. Who knows that after the family business was completed, it gradually became cruel to me. My brothers don't know my situation, and everyone laughs at me. Calm down and think about it, and throw away your tears alone.
At that time, I vowed to grow old together, but now I am worried before I get old. Qi water eventually has a shore, and the swamp is wide and has an end. Looking back, when I was young, I had more joy and more tenderness between laughter and laughter. The vows of eternal love are still in my ears, but I didn't expect to turn against each other. Don't think about going back to the league, just stop now that it's over!
Make an appreciative comment
Feng Weimeng is an ancient folk ballad, which tells a woman's emotional experience and profound experience frankly. It is a vivid portrayal of love scrolls, and also leaves valuable information about the local conditions and customs at that time for future generations.
This is a short narrative poem mixed with lyricism, which makes a love story true and natural. In this poem, women are affectionate, open-minded and enthusiastic. Even the resentment after marriage is a manifestation of hidden intentions. What a vivid image, understanding, diligence, intelligence, courage, frankness and understanding. Before marriage, she bravely broke through the shackles of etiquette and resolutely married Meng, which was a valuable thing at that time. It stands to reason that married life should be harmonious and beautiful. However, contrary to expectations, in order to protect herself, she was used like an ox or a horse, even beaten and abandoned. The reason is that at that time, women had no position in society and family, but were only vassals of their husbands. This political and economic inequality determines the inequality between men and women in marriage, which enables Mongolians to play with and abuse women at will with impunity, and have the right to abandon their wives and dissolve their engagement. The word "beginning chaos and ending abandonment" can summarize the evil behavior of self-protection to women. Therefore, although she bravely broke through the feudal shackles, she ended up with the fate of a woman who resigned under the pressure of her parents' orders and matchmakers' words. "The scholar's worry is to say; You can't say you are a woman! " The poet complained bitterly about the injustice of this society, which deepened the ideological significance of this poem. The tragic experience of the heroine in the poem can be said to be the epitome of Qian Qian's female fate which was absolutely oppressed and hurt in the class society, so it can win the admiration of later readers.
Although the poem is mainly lyrical, the narrative story is not complete and detailed, but it truly reflects the heroine's experience and fate, lyrical narrative is integrated, and sometimes accompanied by lamentation. In these respects, this poem has initially possessed some features of China's narrative poems. These characteristics have more or less influenced the narrative poems of the next two thousand years, which can be seen in Peacock Flying Southeast, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Double Sorrow of Modern Yao Xie.
The structure of the poem "Dream" accords with its story, and also with the passionate and ups-and-downs emotion when the author narrates it. Each chapter has six chapters and ten sentences, but different from other chapters in The Book of Songs, it is written naturally according to the development order of characters' fate. Give priority to with fu, also use BiXing. It is better to strengthen narrative and lyricism than to give it narrative and enhance lyricism.
In the first or second chapter, the biography of poetry says, "Ye Fu." Describe the process of a man proposing to the heroine and even getting married. It was at a market where a man confessed to the heroine in the name of buying silk. Giggling and losing your temper, carrot and stick. But this simple woman can't see through his essence, saying that someone must be a matchmaker, and finally set the wedding date in autumn. Since then, the woman has been obsessed with "I hope to go back to the customs on the other side of the wall", but I can't see the man returning to the customs, so I burst into tears; Seeing the re-entry is like seeing someone you love, and you can't help smiling. She also used divination to predict the good or bad of marriage. The man sent a car to marry her, and she married her with all her belongings. These two chapters are vivid and vivid, and the poet's self-image as a pure girl is also vividly portrayed. Fang Yurun commented on this cloud: "If you don't see it, you will be worried. If you see it, you will be happy. If your husband can't tolerate yourself, your woman will never forget it. " (The Book of Songs Primitive Man) A word "stupid". Point out the depth of this woman's love.
In Zhu's Biography of Poetry, the third chapter and the fourth chapter are mentioned, which means that these two chapters are mainly lyrical, and the poems are all based on mulberry trees, from the poet's youth and beauty to his decline, and at the same time reveal the process of men's love for her to disgust. "Before the mulberry leaves fall, their leaves will flourish", using moist and bright mulberry leaves as a metaphor for a woman's beautiful face. "Mulberry has fallen, but it has fallen yellow", which is a metaphor for women's haggard and abandonment with the withered and yellow leaves of mulberry leaves. "In xi, where pigeons are picked, mulberries without food; If you are a woman, you will have no worries with the literati, and then you will say "Don't eat the mulberries of pigeons to revive the next sentence" (Biography of Poetry). Mulberry is sweet, and it is easy to get drunk if you eat too much; Love is beautiful, but people who are infatuated with love are easily deceived. A man who is addicted to love can still be freed. Once a woman falls in love, she can't get rid of it. What a painful language this is! From green mulberry leaves to yellow mulberry leaves, it not only shows the age of women from prosperity to decline, but also implies the passage of time. It is generally believed that women get married for three years, but there is another explanation: "Three years old, many years. "Pressing' three' is an imaginary number, and there are many words, actually not three years." (Cheng Junying's Book of Songs) In fact, it means that the relationship between husband and wife has gradually fallen apart and finally broken down in recent years. The woman had to get into the car again, cross the ice water and return to her family. She thought it over and over again, without any mistakes, but the man's "two virtues." Here, women look back on their married life in a reflective tone, looking for the reasons for being abandoned, and finally get a lesson: in a man-centered society, there are only spoony women and heartbroken people.
The fifth chapter of the poem describes the situation before and after being abandoned by Fu. The first six sentences inherit the previous chapter "self-pity, poor at three years old" to make up for the suffering of being a woman for many years. She gets up early and goes to bed late and works hard. Once her life became better, her husband became violent and cruel. The word "violence" can be reminiscent of the ferocious face of her husband and the scene of the heroine being abused. The last four sentences wrote that she was ridiculed by her brothers after returning to her parents' home. "Biography of Poetry" explains this cloud: "Gai * ran from people and was not hated by his brothers, so he abandoned it and was not pitied by his brothers. Inevitably accused, he mourns himself. " It is not enough to say that the heroine "runs"; But other words can help the reader understand the mental stress she suffered at that time and the inner contradictions arising from it.
The sixth chapter, Fu and Bi Xing, is narrated in a lyrical way. They talked and laughed when they were in love. Men swear that they will grow old together. But he had a grudge before he was old, and it was irreparable. There are two metaphors here: in the vast soup, there is always a bank with water; The vast and continuous swamp is also a marginal zone. The implication is: Why isn't my pain over? "Biography of Poetry" points out that "this prosperity" is actually more prosperous than China. With these two metaphors, the poet strongly expressed his resentment and told the endless pain of abandoning his wife. In order to get rid of these pains, she made up her mind to sever the emotional connection with the man: "It's no use thinking about it!" From then on, I don't want him to change his mind. Forget it, forget it. But can she really do it? Fang Yurun thought: "Although the words have been spoken, how can you forget them?" Yes, judging from the character that this woman has always loved, she can't make a clean break with men emotionally. This is the tragic character that is often said today.
Extended reading: the social function of The Book of Songs
The compilation of The Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period was mainly for application:
First, as a teaching material for learning music and reciting poems; Secondly, as a ritual song for feasting and offering sacrifices; Thirdly, it can be used as a tool to express one's feelings in diplomatic occasions or speech responses.
The diplomatic communication through poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period was very extensive, which made The Book of Songs a very important tool at that time. There are many records about this in Zuo Zhuan, such as poems satirizing the other side (twenty-seven years as "xianggong"), poems being laughed at because they didn't understand the other side's meaning (twenty years as Zhao Gong), poems in which a small country turned to a big country for help (thirteen years as Wen Gong) and so on. These quotations from The Book of Songs, or exhortations, or comments, or analysis, or expressions, have their own functions, but they have one thing in common, that is, all the quoted poems are "taken out of context"-take one or two of them, regardless of the meaning of the whole article. This phenomenon was called "commonplace" in the Spring and Autumn Period. In other words, at that time, the function of The Book of Songs was not in itself, but in "expressing ambition through poetry". If you want to express your ambition, you can quote a poem. Poetry serves the ambition, not what the original intention of the poem is, but whether the quoted content can explain the ambition. This is a true application of The Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period, but its literary function has been misinterpreted.
On the other hand, the expression of the function of giving poems to express aspirations conforms to the literary function of The Book of Songs, and it is a real "poem to express aspirations"-it reflects and shows the understanding of literary function and social significance, and it is the embryonic form of China's early literary criticism. For example, Xiaoya Knots Nanshan: "My father recited it to study Wang Yi". Elegance for the elderly: "Wang wants beauty, but uses big hints" and so on. Poets are aware of their purpose and attitude in writing poems, and use poems to express their thoughts and feelings and attitudes towards society and life, so as to achieve the purpose of praising, praising, persuading and satirizing. This is the true meaning of poetry, and it really fits the literary function and literary criticism of The Book of Songs.
On the other hand, the social function of The Book of Songs is that the society (including scholar-officials and court rulers) uses it to publicize and practice self-cultivation in governing the country. This is one of the purposes of compiling the Book of Songs, and it is also the content that some scholars strongly advocated and promoted when the Book of Songs came into being.
Confucius attached great importance to The Book of Songs, and he admonished his disciples and sons to learn it many times. Confucius said, "Poetry can be appreciated, considerable, shared and resentful." (Yang Huo) This is Confucius' highly generalized theory of "prosperity, management, group and resentment" in The Book of Songs, and it is also the reason why he believes that The Book of Songs will have great social functions. Confucius' theory of "Xing, Guan, Qun and Resentment" clarified the social function of The Book of Songs, which not only pointed out the literary characteristics of The Book of Songs that infected people with images and aroused readers' imagination and association, but also conformed to social life and achieved practical results.
Extended Reading: Classic Sentences in The Book of Songs
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Picked and picked, half a day less than a small basket. I miss my lover, and the food basket was abandoned on the road.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, colorful and fiery red. The girl is going to get married and be happy at her husband's house.
Nanshan tree is so big and tall that you can't enjoy the cool under it. There are women on the Han River who want to pursue the impossible.
Magpies have a nest where pigeons live. The returning son, one hundred and twenty royal.
The unknown bug hissed in the grass, and the grasshopper jumped nimbly on the grass tip. My wife hasn't seen my face for a long time, and she looks pathetic.
If you look at Nanshan, you will learn from it. It's sad not to see a gentleman.
Jianghan ups and downs, Beowulf surges. The bandits traveled safely and came to ask for it.