Introduction to the Premier League: England is the birthplace of modern football. According to historical records, football activities similar to today appeared in medieval England. By the beginning of19th century, football was quite popular in Britain. Due to the need to form a unified view on the football match,1October 26th,1863 10, relevant people gathered at Fremason Hotel in queen street, London, to discuss and agree to set up a football association. In addition to announcing the formal establishment of the Football Association, the meeting also formulated and adopted relatively unified football competition rules, which are the embryonic form of modern football competition rules. Its establishment marks the birth of modern football.
With the increasingly consolidated status of the English Football Association, its influence in the whole country is also growing, so the proposal of holding the Challenge Cup appeared on July 20th, 187 1. This proposal was put forward by Charles alcock, Secretary General of the Football Association. He hopes to attract all members of the association to participate in the competition and promote exchanges by holding the Challenge Cup. 187 1 year1October 16, this motion was passed.
What makes the English proud is not only that they founded the first football association, but also that they organized the first international match, which was1the match between England and Scotland on October 30th, 1872, 165438. The establishment of the English Football Association has promoted the vigorous development of football in some countries in Europe and Latin America, and various countries have established football associations one after another, thus promoting the establishment of FIFA and UEFA. It can be seen that England is indisputably called the originator of modern football.
1882 65438+On February 6th, the representatives of the four Commonwealth Football Associations in Manchester adopted the unified rules of football matches. In the following years, the rules were revised many times. 188 1 or so, the tendency of professional football began to appear, and the British Football Association recognized the legal status of professional football on June 20th. 1885. However, on the issue of professionalism, there has been a sharp conflict between the British Football Association and FIFA. The four Commonwealth Football Associations withdrew from FIFA twice from 1920 to 1924, 1928 to 1946 respectively, and did not participate in any activities of FIFA. It was not until 1958 that the two sides reached a consensus. In the same year, the British Professional Football Players Association was established.
1862, Nottinghamshire, the first football club in England, was founded. Since then, various football clubs have been established in England. By 1870, there are 39 football clubs in England, and by 188 1, there are 128 football organizations in England. Today, * * has 160 professional football clubs, 40 of which have a history of more than 100 years.
The Football Association Challenge Cup, founded in 187 1, is the first competition in England. The competition adopts the continuous elimination system, and the two sides of the competition will play a game in the venue decided by lot in advance to decide the outcome. The first Football Association Challenge Cup final in English history was held at 1872. From 1872 to * * 2000, 1 19 sessions were held. Because the FA Cup is not only attended by first-class teams, all teams in England can participate, so it is often cold, and many strong teams are defeated by weak teams, so it is called "a hotbed of sudden coldness". Today, English football is still growing.
In order to expand the influence of football, the English Football Association made a decision on March 22 1888 to establish a national first-class league. There were 12 teams in the first league. In the end, Preston won the first league title and successfully defended it the following year. 1892, the Football Association began to hold the second division; 1920, the third-level league appeared; 1958, adding D League. At this point, the English Football League has begun to take shape, divided into four levels: A, B, C and D, and implemented a relegation system. The English Football League is the earliest national unified league in the world, with the most perfect competition system. Later, countries all over the world widely used this league system for reference. 1992, in order to adapt to the growing football, the English Football Association established the Super League on the basis of the first league, and the original second, third and fourth leagues were upgraded accordingly. The first Premier League title was won by the powerful Manchester United team.
At present, the promotion and demotion system of the league is roughly like this: every year, the last three players in the Super League are reduced to the first class, the first two players in the First Class are directly promoted to the Super League, and the players in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth places will compete and decide two winners. Then, on the other day, we will play in a neutral stadium (usually Wembley Stadium) and decide the third team to advance to the Premier League. From b to a, from a to b, from c to b, from b to c, all are the same as the super promotion and demotion system. But the last four players in the third division were relegated to the fourth division, and the top three players in the fourth division directly advanced to the third division. The fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh runners also held home and away games to decide the two winners. Then, on the other day, there will be a game in a neutral stadium (usually Wembley Stadium) to decide that the fourth team will advance to the third division.
Introduction to Serie A:1898 In March, in the Italian port city of Genoa, the Italian Football Federation was announced and four teams applied to join the organization. On May 8th, the first Italian First Division quietly started and ended on the same day. Genoa won two games. At that time, no one could imagine that in this land a hundred years later, the Italian first division has become an indispensable "big meal" for tens of thousands of fans around the world every weekend; What is even more incredible is that the huge economic benefits brought by the Italian football industry have made Serie A the leading "smoke-free industry" in continental Europe.
The Italian first-class club league begins in September every year and lasts until the end of June of the following year. The league ranking adopts the point system, with a game winning 3 points, a draw 1 point and a negative 0 point. At the end of the season, the last four teams in the standings were relegated to the second division to participate in the second division next season. Next season, the top four in the second division will be promoted to the first division to participate in the first division. If two or more teams have the same points at the end of the league, they will be ranked according to the winning or losing relationship between them. If the two teams have the highest points, they need to decide the champion through play-offs. If there are two teams tied for the fourth from the bottom, it is also necessary to decide the number of relegation places through play-offs.
Let's go back a hundred years. Due to the convenience of the port city, Genoa, which absorbed the concept of modern English football, stood out in the first seven years of Serie A and won the championship six times. After that, ProViselli became the new overlord of Serie A, winning the championship five times in six years. In the following ten years, the competition in Serie A became more and more fierce, and four teams from Milan and Turin successively played a dominant role. It is also in this decade that the professional football league and the National Football Association finally established the Italian football league system that continues to this day at 1930: each team is divided into four levels according to the level: A team, B team, C team and D team. The game adopts the home and away double-cycle points system (originally a two-point system, now a three-point system), and then establishes a regional selection team system below the D-level team, perfecting the "pyramid" football league system. After the new competition system was determined, Italian football began to enter a normal and healthy development path.
Within five years after the establishment of the new competition system, the powerful Juventus team achieved the great cause of "five consecutive championships". This Serie A record still discourages the major clubs. In the late 1940s, Turin had the absolute strength to break this record, but just as they were attacking the Fifth League, a cruel air crash weakened the team and prevented it from winning the championship. 20 excellent players quickly fell from the starry sky, writing the saddest stroke in Serie A's 100-year history.
In the following 40 years, Serie A began a long competition. Until the end of 1980s, no team could win the championship for three consecutive years. In this "Warring States Period", Juventus and Milan took turns to sit in the village, holding more than 70% of the Serie A champions. At the same time, the three major European cups gradually matured during this period, and Italian clubs began to show their elegance in the European arena.
The real glory of Serie A began in the 1980s. Speaking of this glory, we can't ignore the opening of the foreign star market at this time. Each team can recruit two foreign stars. Five years later, Juventus, with the French emperor Platini and Danish genius laudrup, won the first Toyota Cup for Europe and fired the first shot of the rapid rise of Serie A teams. From 65438 to 0988, the foreign aid limit of each team was extended to three people. Since then, Italian stadiums have experienced unprecedented prosperity. The passionate collision of "Three Musketeers", "Troika" and "Three Masters of South America" brought the most ornamental scene in European football field. Diego maradona, Gullit and Baggio have rewritten the record of star value again and again. AC Milan, led by the Dutchman, stood out in Europe during this period and won three consecutive championships in China. 1990, the Italian team won three European cups, which was unprecedented in the history of European football. 1993, the number of foreign AIDS in Serie A teams was expanded to five again, but only three foreign AIDS were allowed to play at the same time. Since then, Jie Jun from Europe and America has landed in Apennine Peninsula. Serie A has become a huge stage for superstars to show their elegance.
After the "bosman Incident" triggered the "earthquake" in European football in the mid-1990s, the number of foreign aid from European teams was no longer limited, and only three non-European players were allowed to play at the same time. The giants of the Premier League, La Liga and Bundesliga began to attack the home of Serie A's "European First League" in the European arena. However, in contrast, Italian Football League One is undoubtedly still the most influential league in the world.
At present, there are 19966 clubs registered in the Italian Football Association, with 14000 referees and100000 registered players, including 3200 professional players. So far, Serie A teams have won six Toyota Cups, nine European Champions Cups, seven Winners Cups, nine UEFA Cups and six European Super Cups. After a hundred years' vicissitudes, Serie A has now completely surpassed the scope of pure football matches and penetrated into the hearts of fans all over the world with a football culture.
Brief introduction of Spanish first division: brief introduction of league history and competition system
Spanish football was also introduced by the British. 1872 or so, British people living in Ueva began to engage in this sport, which quickly aroused the interest of Spanish residents. At the end of last century, the British introduced football to the Basque country. Therefore, many clubs have been established in various parts of Spain, including the famous Real Madrid Club and Barcelona Club. 1893, Spain held its first official football match. In addition to some Spanish teams, this competition also includes some teams composed of British businessmen and sailors. 1902 was officially named the Spanish Championship, which was a friendly competition.
1900 or so, most football clubs have set up their own small associations, that is, the regional associations of the Spanish Football Association. Starting from 1902, regional associations began to brew the establishment of the Spanish Football Association. On June 4th, 1909 and 10, representatives of several clubs established the Royal Spanish Football Association in the Spanish capital, and joined FIFA on June 5th, 438+0913.
Before 1902, all football matches in Spain were local, at most provincial or local. 1902 held an interregional competition, which later became the King's Cup of Spain. There are many ways to participate in the Spanish King's Cup: 1902- 1903 free of charge; 19 13- 1940 was attended by local champion teams; 194 1 year, the teams participating in the first, second and third competitions are all champions; 1942 regional champions participated; 1943 was attended by team a 14 and team b *** 16; 1944 Free registration; 1945- 1947, with 14 teams of Grade A and Grade B participating; 1948 and 1949 are attended by all teams at levels A, B and C; 1950 only 14 first-class teams and 32 second-class teams participated; 195 1 and 1952 were attended by 12 first-class team and second-class league champion and runner-up; 1953 is attended by team A 12 and team B 32; 1954- 1955 was attended by 12 first-class teams and two second-class champions; 1956 was attended by 14 first-class teams and two second-class league champions; 1957, 1958 have 16 first-class teams to participate; 1959- 1968 was attended by 16 first-class teams and 32 second-class teams; 1969, only 16 first-class teams participated; 1970, after many consultations, it was finally decided that teams of Grade A, Grade B and Grade C would participate, and this decision has been in use ever since.
Although the King's Cup in Spain had begun to take shape as early as 1902, and the Royal Spanish Football Association was also established in 1909 14 10, it was not until1928165438+/kloc. Because the Spanish national football team won the silver medal in the 1920 Olympic Games, which greatly promoted the popularity of Spanish football, football clubs all over the world hope to set up new competitions, so that there will be more competition opportunities to increase financial income and cope with the growing football situation. After repeated consultations in many aspects, the Spanish League was finally born. But the first Spanish First Division was actually held in 1929.
Now, according to the regulations of the league, the three teams after the first division are relegated to the second division, and the top three teams in the second division are promoted to the first division.
Introduction to the German Football League: Germanic, a nation with unique personality, is one of the football powers bred by Germanic, and Germany is the first inland European country to introduce football from the island of Great Britain. 19 in the 1970s, according to the rules of the game adopted by England in 1863, football developed rapidly in Germany.
1860, Munich 1860 Football Club was founded, which marked the beginning of this German chariot. Over the past century and a half, German football has undergone tremendous changes. It shows us another cultural accumulation and value orientation of the Germanic nation.
1900 65438+1October 28th. In an ordinary pub in Leipzig, the German Football Association (DFB) was formally established, and since then, German football has started to operate in an orderly way.
1903 The morning final of the first German cross-regional national competition was held in Hamburg, and Leipzig won the championship. 1904, FIFA accepted Germany as a member state. In the long ups and downs since then, German football has developed aimlessly. From 1900, the German Football Association announced its establishment to the allied occupation of Germany in World War II, the German Football Association did a lot of work. With the end of World War II, Germany experienced a history of separation between East and West, and the German Football Association was forced to dissolve.
1947, the Federal German Football Association was established in Frankfurt, which belongs to the three western countries. The following year, the Democratic Germany under the jurisdiction of the Soviet Red Army also established the Football Association. The Federal Republic of Germany began to organize leagues in the season of 1947- 1948, and the competition still followed the way of German leagues in the past, that is, the final was played by the best team during the league. This game mode has been used until the 1962- 1963 season. During this period, the Federal Republic of Germany football gradually formed its own style, that is, power football, focusing on abundant physical fitness and perfect tactical cooperation.
1963- 1964 During the season, the Federal Republic of Germany reorganized the league and started a unified professional league. There are 18 teams participating in the first division of the Federal Republic of Germany, which is one of the most prestigious competitions in continental Europe. At the end of each season, the last three teams are relegated to the second division, and the top three teams in the second division are promoted to the first division. The second division is divided into north and south groups, with 20 teams in each group. The last four teams in Group B were downgraded to amateur teams and returned to their respective regions to participate in amateur leagues in their respective regions. In the Federal Republic of Germany, football is strictly controlled by the Football Association, while in the Democratic Republic of Germany, football is amateur, and its league begins with the season of 1949- 1950. Fans in East Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany have the same story. No matter their understanding of football or their technical style, they all show a strong Germanic atmosphere, with good discipline, abundant physical strength, tenacious fighting spirit and overall cooperative spirit.
1990 After the World Cup, Germany, which had been divided for 45 years, finally moved towards reunification, and the two football associations merged into one and became the German Football Association. After reunification, German football basically followed the football system of the Federal Republic of Germany. The merger of the Democratic Republic of Germany once caused temporary confusion in German football. After four years of pain, German football has finally embarked on a great unity. Some established clubs have raised the banner of German football. In the past, some small and medium-sized clubs also gained a firm foothold by virtue of their own strength, which made German football move towards a healthy and orderly development path.
The German League has experienced 60 years of ups and downs. At present, the number of teams remains at the level of 18 teams, of which the last three teams in the first division are reduced to the second division every year. The top three in the second division were promoted to the first division, and the last four in the second division were reduced to the third division. League C is divided into three areas: East, South and North. The top two teams in each district entered the second stage and competed for three places to advance to the second division. The last two teams in each district compete, and the four teams with the worst results participate in regional amateur competitions.
Brief introduction of French first division league
The romantic nature and lazy style of the French sometimes bring unexpected endings. In fact, the French are far less enthusiastic and persistent about football than the British or Italians. Most of them just regard it as a game, a pleasing weekend program. But even if the French are careless about football, they can't deny the important contribution of this country in the history of world football development. Rimet is called the father of the World Cup. 1928, he organized a FIFA congress in the Netherlands, at which it was formally decided to host the World Cup. The first World Cup was decided to be held in Uruguay in 1930. In memory of this great designer and founder, the first World Cup was named Rimet Golden Cup. Another great contributor to international football is Delaunay. Under his planning, the first European Football Championship was born in 1960. In addition, the French book Football World was awarded the European Footballer of the Year, which enjoyed a high reputation in international football. It can be said that the promotion and contribution of China people to world football is enormous.
French football began in 1972 and was also introduced by the British. 1894, the first competition. Only four teams participated at that time. 1895 held the Golden Hat Cup, with 8 teams participating. Later, this cup gradually evolved into a league, and teams from all provinces came to participate. In addition, some other competitions were held. The French League starts from 1930, and the Cup starts from 19 18. The professionalization of French football is 1932. French football clubs are greatly influenced by finance and economy. Almost every season, clubs will close down, but at the same time, some new clubs will be born. Today, there are 18 teams in the French first division and 20 teams in the second division. The third grade is divided into three grades. There are two groups 18 teams in grade one, and they are still professional teams. The second level is composed of two groups of 18 teams, which belong to amateur teams; Three-level eight teams 14 teams. Teams below Grade C are local amateur teams, and there are also eight teams 14. The promotion and demotion system of French leagues is as follows: every year, the last three players in the first division are relegated to the second division, the top three players in the second division are directly promoted to the first division, the last four players in the third division are relegated to the third division, and the top two players in each group in the third division are promoted to the second division.